1,721,084 research outputs found
Anti-inflammatory natural products
No full textChronic inflammation is now widely accepted to contribute to diseases such as asthma, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases and rheumatic conditions. Most currently available anti-inflammatory drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and anti-inflammatory steroids have limitations associated with side effects and cost. Consequently, there is continued focus on plant-derived natural products to treat inflammatory disorders. This chapter explores the pharmacological actions of some naturally occurring, alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenes, which have shown promising benefits in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models reflecting the pathologies of inflammatory diseases. Due to their chemical diversity and known mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action, further clinical investigations on these natural products may result in the development of novel anti-inflammatory agents with minimal side effects. Natural products like the antimalarial artemisinin can be re-purposed as an anti-inflammatory drug
Initial and bulk extraction of natural products isolation
No full textCurrently, there is a growing interest in the study of natural products, especially as part of drug discovery programs. Secondary metabolites can be extracted from a variety of natural sources, including plants, microbes, marine animals, insects, and amphibians. This chapter focuses principally on laboratory-scale processes of initial and bulk extraction from plant and microbial sources. With regard to plant natural products, the steps required for the preparation of the material prior to extraction, including aspects concerning plant selection, collection, identification, drying, and grinding, are detailed. The various extraction methods available (maceration, ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction, percolation, Soxhlet extraction, pressurized solvent extraction, extraction under reflux, steam distillation, and acid/based extraction) are reviewed. Regarding microbial natural products, this chapter covers issues relating to the isolation and culture of microorganisms and presents the extraction methods available for the recovery of microbial metabolites. Methods of minimizing compound degradation, artifacts formation, extract contamination with external impurities, and enrichment of extracts with desired metabolites are also examined
HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE ON THE ROLE OF WIPO IN PROMOTING INTELLECTUAL CREATIVITY
Full text linkThe thesis is concerning the lack of emphasis of human rights in the works and treaties of World Intellectual Property Organization. So, it looked at finding a human rights framework for World Intellectual Property Organization, which would provide greater accessibility and participation by the society. In order to frame it, the impacts of intellectual property on human rights were analyzed. The implementation of the WIPO Development Agenda was also considered and its contribution along with the participation of NGOs towards the building of such a framework was evaluated. The thesis finds that as there is nothing in the WIPO mandate which prevents WIPO from emphasizing human rights to a greater extent, the integration of human rights into intellectual property policies in the future implementation of the WIPO Development Agenda would be an advancement in building a human rights framework for WIPO
Childhood mortality differentials under maternal and child health and family planning programmes in Matlab, Bangladesh
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Synthesis of Iron Germanium Telluride and Ni Doped Iron Germanium Telluride through Chemical Vapor Deposition
Full text linkIn this work, iron germanium telluride (Fe_5 GeTe_2) was effectively synthesized from a 2:1:0.1 molar ratio of FeCl_2, Ge, and KI salt using a cascaded space CVD technique. With recent THz spectroscopy studies, the Curie temperature of Fe_5 GeTe_2 was found to reach 280 K, and its greatest conductivity was 5.445×10^5Ω−1m−1 (0.8 THz) and 5.778 × 105Ω−1m−1 (1.7 THz). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to identify chemical species and quantify elements. The XPS depth profiling of this work showed that changes in the region of the elemental peaks can cause the percentage concentration to fluctuate between the surface (〖Fe〗_2.15Ge〖Te〗_0.37) and the higher etching level (〖Fe〗_4.73Ge〖Te〗_2.13 ≈ Fe_5 GeTe_2). Spin-orbit splitting was not observed in germanium (Ge) on Fe_5 GeTe_2, but it was observed in tellurium (Te) and iron (Fe2p1/2 and Fe2p3/2). In addition, iron has a mixed-valence oxidation state (Fe2+ and Fe3+). The percentage concentration of Germanium falls as tellurium (Te) concentration increases, suggesting that Fe_5 GeTe_2 may have a Te-terminated atomic structure. A little amount of Ni powder was added to the combination of FeCl_2, Ge, and KI powder to create a 2:1:0.2:0.1 (FeCl_2:Ge:Ni:KI) molar ratio, which was then chosen for XPS depth profiling in order to create the Ni-doped Iron Germanium Telluride. Before etching, a notable drop in the Fe^(2+)/Fe^(3+)value suggests that Ni is replacing the Fe^(2+) atom. The Ni spectra (Ni2p1/2 and Ni2p3/2) resemble the NiTe spectra with some modifications to their peak positions. Every component of the Ni-doped sample exhibits spin-orbit splitting. A strong Ge surface (Fe_5.55 Ni_1.3 TeGe_5.64) is indicated by the percentage concentration, and this drops to a greater etching level (Fe_3.6 Ni_0.47 TeGe_1.95). The material's atomic structure and characteristics might then alter. Further characterizations are required to reveal the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of the material. Overall, the synthesis of FGT and Ni doped FGT could reveal new significant properties of the materials which could be used for spintronic applications
Morpho-physiological and molecular mechanism for tolerances to individual or combined heat and salt stresses of rice
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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