626 research outputs found
Information Security Theory and Practice: 9th IFIP WG 11.2 International Conference, WISTP 2015, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, August 24-25, 2015
No full textInternational audienceBook Front Matter of LNCS 931
Supervised Learning Approach for Intrusion Detection in Unbalanced Network Traffic
No full textIntrusion detection systems (IDS) serve as critical sentinels in network security, assuming a paramount role in identifying and mitigating potential threats. With the evolution of our digital landscape, robust and productive intrusion detection mechanisms have become increasingly imperative. The significance of IDS lies in their ability to safeguard network resources’ integrity, confidentiality, and availability. In an era where cyber threats constantly evolve in complexity and scale, IDS serves as the front line of defence, tirelessly monitoring network traffic to pinpoint suspicious activities and mitigate potential security breaches. To address the class imbalance problem, the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) was applied to pre-process the CIC-IDS 2017 and NSL-KDD 2009 datasets. Advanced machine learning technique is harnessed to enhance IDS capabilities, specifically through utilising Support Vector Machines (SVM) for subsequent classification tasks. The experimental outcomes on both datasets unveil exceptional accuracy of 99% and performance across multiple intrusion types, underscoring the effectiveness of our SVM-based approach in strengthening IDS
Savings Behavior in Muslim and Non-Muslim Countries in Context to the Interest Rate
No full textSavings have been recognized as crucial determinant of economic growth because it finances investment – higher investment is associated with higher growth. Given the fact that economic growth plays a pivotal role in improving well-being of people and reducing poverty, the analysis of saving behavior becomes a very crucial policy issue for developing countries.
Two main theories in explaining saving behaviour are: “Permanent income hypothesis” [Friedman (1957)], and “life-cycle hypothesis” [Ando and Modigliani (1963)]. In permanent income hypothesis, transitory and permanent components of income are differently analyzed in determining savings.
Permanent income is defined as long-time income expectation over a period, while transitory income is the difference between permanent and actual income. The hypothesis suggests that transitory changes in income do not have any significant impact on savings and savings are determined only by permanent income. According to the life-cycle hypothesis, lifetime consumption of an individual is spread over his lifetime. Saving is accumulated in working years and is used to maintain consumption level after the retirement period. It suggests the importance of demographic factors in determining savings. Despite the large existing empirical work, there exist mixed results regarding effects of interest rate on savings. Mikesell and Zinser (1973), McKinnon (1973), Fry [(1988), (1995)], Gylfason (1993) and Munir, et al. (2010) found that interest rate has a positive impact on savings, while Giovaninni (1985), Gupta (1987), Jongwanich (2010) and many others found it as insignificant. The role of interest rate in Muslim countries is rather a complex issue. Assuming that majority of Muslims follows Islam in its true spirit, interest rate (Riba) has a very limited role in attracting savings of Muslims because interest is forbidden in Islam. The first explicit prohibition of interest came in 2 AH. The directive is found in Surah Al-Imran, verse 130 where Allah says; “O those who believe do not consume up Riba, doubled and redoubled”. Latter, after the conquest of Makkah in 8 AH, the most comprehensive condemnation of Riba was in Surah Baqarah verse 275-280, where Allah says;”Those who take usury will not stand on the day of Judgment except as he who has been driven mad by the touch of the Demon. . . . . . . . .Oh you who believe give up what remains of Riba if you are believers. But if you do not then listen to the declaration of War from Allah and his messenger (SAW). If you repent, yours’ is your principal and nothing more’
In 10 AH, the Prophet (P.B.U.H.), in his famous last sermon at Mount Arafat said; “All interest obligation shall henceforth be waived. Your capital however is yours to keep. You neither wrong nor be wronged. Allah has judged that there be no Riba and that all interest due to Abbas ibn Abd Al-Muttalib shall henceforth be waived”.
It is to be noted that during the period 1980 to 2013, saving rates varied considerably all over the world. Latin America and the Caribbean countries save around 20 per cent of their GDP and the East Asian countries save more than 30 per cent. Similarly, Arab countries (limited data is available) save approximately 30 per cent per cent, South Asian countries around 25 per cent; and in complete contrast the Sub-Saharan African countries save only 15 per cent of the GDP [WDI (2014)]. The situation raises an important research question, as to: why do the savings rates fluctuate between various regions. It also leads toward another related question, about the forbidden status of interest rate affects savings behaviour of Muslim countries?
The layout of the paper is as follows: the review of relevant literature is presented in Section II. Section III discusses the data sources and methodology. Empirical analysis and estimation of results, based on the data are summarised in Section IV. Finally, conclusions and policy implications are given in Section V
Attack Tree Generation by Policy Invalidation
No full textAttacks on systems and organisations increasingly exploit human actors, for example through social engineering, complicating their formal treatment and automatic identification. Formalisation of human behaviour is difficult at best, and attacks on socio-technical systems are still mostly identified through brainstorming of experts. In this work we formalize attack tree generation including human factors; based on recent advances in system models we develop a technique to identify possible attacks analytically, including technical and human factors. Our systematic attack generation is based on invalidating policies in the system model by identifying possible sequences of actions that lead to an attack. The generated attacks are precise enough to illustrate the threat, and they are general enough to hide the details of individual steps
Digital Trust - Trusted Computing and Beyond A Position Paper
No full textAlong with the invention of computers and interconnected networks, physical societal notions like security, trust, and privacy entered the digital environment. The concept of digital environments begins with the trust (established in the real world) in the organisation/individual that manages the digital resources. This concept evolved to deal with the rapid growth of the Internet, where it became impractical for entities to have prior offline (real world) trust. The evolution of digital trust took diverse approaches and now trust is defined and understood differently across heterogeneous domains. This paper looks at digital trust from the point of view of security and examines how valid trust approaches from other domains are now making their way into secure computing. The paper also revisits and analyses the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) along with associated technologies and their relevance in the changing landscape. We especially focus on the domains of cloud computing, mobile computing and cyber-physical systems. In addition, the paper also explores our proposals that are competing with and extending the traditional functionality of TPM specifications
Public debt and pro-poor economic growth evidence from South Asian countries
No full textOver the years, most developing countries have failed to collect
enough revenues to finance their budgets. As a result, they face
the problem of twin deficits and are relying on public external and
domestic debt to finance their developmental activities. NGOs and
anti-globalisation movements have propagated the view that instead
of reducing poverty public debt has increased the miseries of the
poor. The current study examines the consequences of public debt
for economic growth and poverty regarding selected South Asian
countries, i.e., Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, for the period 1975–2010. It develops an empirical model that incorporates the role of public debt into growth equations and the model is extended to incorporate the effects of debt on poverty. The model is estimated by using standard panel data estimation methodologies. The results shows that although public debt has a negative impact on economic growth, neither public external debt nor external debt servicing has a significant relationship with income inequality, suggesting that public external debt is as good/bad for poor as it is for rich. However, domestic debt has a positive relationship with economic growth and a negative relationship with the GINI coefficient, indicating that domestic debt is pro-poor
The Reflection of Islamic Culture and Beliefs in the Stories of Dr. Akram Osman
No full textThe sacred religion of Islam encompasses its own distinct principles, laws, and worldview, as presented through the Holy Quran, a divine guide for humanity. This guidance shapes the beliefs, actions, and morals of Muslims according to an Islamic perspective. Islam is a comprehensive and complete religion that addresses all aspects of individual, familial, social, economic, political, and cultural life. It provides everything necessary for human guidance and prosperity, as conveyed to humanity by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), the savior of mankind, who is the final prophet, and Islam is the ultimate and final religion. In Islamic societies, the responsibility of promoting and conveying Islamic teachings was not limited to religious scholars alone. Muslim poets and writers also undertake this significant mission, using their literary talents in both poetry and prose to inspire individuals and societies with the values and teachings of this sacred religion. The late Dr. Mohammad Akram Osman, a distinguished author from Afghanistan, made remarkable contributions to storytelling that not only enriched the world of literature but also served as a guide for humanity in learning and understanding Islamic culture and beliefs. This article aims to explore the reflection of Islamic culture and beliefs in the stories of Dr. Mohammad Akram Osman, highlighting his ability to intertwine Islamic teachings with literary expression
Neutralisation state driven single-agent search strategy for solving constraint satisfaction problem / Saajid Akram Ahmed Abuluaih
No full textIn the past seven decades, Constraint Satisfaction (CS) has been extensively studied and remarkably evolved to where the scientific community perceives it as the centre of the intelligent behaviour. Therefore, most of the recent research in the field is devoted to improving the problem solvers that utilize search strategies and techniques. Since Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) is an NP-complete problem, brute-force search algorithms such as Backtracking algorithm (BT) are required as the guarantee to find a solution, when there is one. Moreover, since the establishment of the field, AI pioneers and specialists have setup instructions and guidelines on how to solve this type of problems back in the seventies of the last century and have not been changed or improved. For example, the framework of solving CSP imposes a complete permutation of assignments to all remaining variables in order to derive a valid model. The author argues in this study that the problem can be neutralised and it is not necessary to perform brute-force searching all the time if a search strategy could have guided the process to the level where the values of the remaining variables can be determined implicitly, creating what the author calls Solo-Path of assignments in the problem search tree
Secure Obfuscation of Authoring Style
No full textPart 2: Secure Resource Sharing and Access ControlInternational audienceAnonymous authoring includes writing reviews, comments and blogs, using pseudonyms with the general assumption that using these pseudonyms will protect the real identity of authors and allows them to freely express their views. It has been shown, however, that writing style may be used to trace authors across multiple Websites. This is a serious threat to privacy and may even result in revealing the authors’s identities. In obfuscating authors’ writing style, an authored document is modified to hide the writing characteristics of the author. In this paper we first show that existing obfuscation systems are insecure and propose a general approach for constructing obfuscation algorithms, and then instantiate the framework to give an algorithm that semi-automatically modifies an author’s document. We provide a secure obfuscation scheme that is able to hide an author’s document securely among other authors’ documents in a corpus. As part of our obfuscation algorithm we present a new algorithm for identifying an author’s unique words that would be of independent interest.We present a security model and use it to analyze our scheme and also the previous schemes. We implement our scheme and give its performances through experiments.We show that our algorithm can be used to obfuscate documents securely and effectively
APDJ
No full textNaeem Akram - Is climate change hindering economic growth of Asian economies? ... 1
Biswajit Maitra and C.K. Mukhopadhyay - Public spending on education, health care and economic growth in selected countries of Asia and the Paci c ... 19
Parmendra Sharma and Neelesh Gounder - Obstacles to bank nancing of micro and small enterprises: empirical evidence from the Paci c with some policy implications ... 49
Hiroyuki Taguchi - The Environmental Kuznets Curve in Asia: the case of sulphur and carbon emissions ... 77
Chuthaporn Ngokkuen and Ulrike Grote - Challenges and opportunities for protecting geographical indications in Thailand ... 9
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