1,720,957 research outputs found
Identification of Mardivirus Serotypes Circulating in Poultry Farms in Sukabumi and Cianjur District, West Java, 2011 using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (mPCR) Approach
Get PDFThree serotypes of Mardivirus had been circulating in the farm environments, these being Marek’s disease virus serotype 1 (MDV-1), Gallid hepesvirus 3 (GaHV3) and herpesvirus of turkey (HVT). However, only MDV-1 poses a significant hazard to the poultry farm. The virus causes a neoplastic syndrome that inflicting severe economic loss to the affected farms. Although vaccination has successfully reduced the frequency and severity of outbreaks, the threat does not disappear since several more pathogenic strains have evolved, and these can overcome protection by vaccination. The aim of this study was to investigate the circulation of three Mardivirus serotypes in commercial poultry farms in Sukabumi and Cianjur district using mPCR approach for the feather samples. A low prevalence of these three serotypes was detected. However, the practice of vaccinating using live attenuated MDV-1 caused difficulty in the investigation. Differentation between virulent field strains and CVI988 vaccine strain using the 132 bp repeat motif attenuation marker within the terminal and inverted repeats flanking the unique long region generated an ambiguous result. Thus, other approaches are required to address this issue, such as selection of other markers, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), high-resolution melt curve analysis (HRM) and gene sequencing. Key Words: Mardivirus serotype, MDV-1, GaHV3, HVT, multiplex PC
Identifikasi Virus Infectious Laryngothracheitis dan Fowl Pox di Kabupaten Sukabumi dengan Uji Polymerase Chain Reaction
Get PDFInfectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) dan fowl pox (FP) merupakan patogen infeksius dari kelompok virus DNA yang berpotensi menyerang peternakan ayam komersial. Virus ILT dan FP menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi yang sangat besar pada peternakan yang terserang akibat peningkatan angka kematian dan penurunan produktivitas. Meskipun kasus kedua penyakit ini sudah jarang terjadi akibat program vaksinasi pada peternakan ayam komersial, namun ancaman penyakit dapat muncul kembali karena faktor mutasi, infeksi persisten maupun kemungkinan kembalinya virulensi strain vaksin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi virus ILT dan FP menggunakan polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Uji PCR terbukti sentisitif dalam mengidentifikasi kedua virus tersebut dengan target gen gE dan TK (ILT) maupun gen 4b (FP). Lebih lanjut, uji PCR tersebut juga dapat dikombinasikan dalam platform multipleks (mPCR) sehingga lebih ekonomis dalam melakukan skrining untuk sampel dalam jumlah besar. Skrining pada 36 pool swab trakea dengan mPCR menunjukkan bahwa pada empat peternakan ayam komersial di Kabupaten Sukabumi pada bulan Juni 2013 tidak terdeteksi adanya kedua penyakit virus tersebut
Protection level of AI H5N1 vaccine clade 2.1.3 commercial against AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 virus from Ducks to SPF chicken in laboratory conditions
Get PDFHighly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 clade 2.3.2 has infected chickens in farms, causing mortality and a decrease in egg production. Vaccination is one of the strategies to control disease of AI subtype H5N1. AI H5N1 clade 2.1.3 vaccine is available commercially. The effectiveness of two vaccines of AI H5N1 clade 2.1.3 (product A and B), and AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 (Sukoharjo) against AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 (Sukoharjo) virus SPF chickens was tested in laboratory. Four groups of SPF chickens were used in this study, there were (1) vaccinated with H5N1 clade 2.1.3 (product A), (2) vaccinated with H5N1 clade 2.1.3 (product B), (3) vaccinated with AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 and (4) unvaccinated (as a control). Each vaccinated group consisted of 10 chicken except 8 chicken for control group. SPF chicken were vaccinated with 1 dose of vaccine at 3 weeks olds, and then after 3 weeks post vaccination (at 6 weeks olds). All group of chicken were challenged with 106 EID50 per 0.1 ml via intranasal. The results showed, chicken vaccinated with H5N1 clade 2.1.3 product A and B gave 100 and 80% protection respectively, but showed challenged virus shedding, whereas vaccine of H5N1 clade 2.3.2 gave 100% protection from mortality and without virus shedding. Vaccines of AI H5N1 clade 2.1.3 product A was better than vaccine product B, and when chicken vaccinated against H5N1 clade 2.3.2, H5N1 clade 2.3.2 vaccine was the best to be used. In order to protect chicken from AI subtype H5N1 clade 2.1.3 and 2.3.2 in the field, a bivalent vaccine of H5N1 clade 2.1.3 and 2.3.2 subtypes should be developed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Efficacy of application of vaccine AI H5N1 clade 2.1.3 on Mojosari ducks challenge against AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 in laboratory conditions
Get PDFInfluenza virus HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 outbreaks since September 2012 caused high mortality in ducks. Vaccination is one of strategies recommended by government. However, AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 vaccine not yet available during this research, while AI H5N1 clade 2.1.3 vaccines available in markets. Therefore it was important to do study on efficay of HPAI H5N1 clade 2.1.3. vaccines on duck at laboratory scale. Three groups of Mojosari duck were used in this study, they were 1 group vaccinated with A Vaccine, 1 group vaccinated with B Vaccine, and 1 group as control (not vaccinated). Vacination groups consisted of 9 DOD and control group was consisted of 6 DOD. Vaccination was conducted when the duck at three weeks old of age using single dose recommended by producer. At three weeks later (ducks at 6 weeks old of age) all Groups of ducks were challenged with virus HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 at dose 106 EID50/ml by drops intranasaly. Result showed that Group 1 (vaccinated with A Vaccine) produced 67% protection (3 out of 9 ducks died), Group 2 (vaccinated with B Vaccine) produced 100% protection (non out of 9 ducks died), and Group 3 (control, not vaccinated) produce 0% protection (all of 9 ducks died). This study give an alternative of choise to use AI H5N1 Clade 2.1.3 vaccine with high protection when AI H5N1 Clade 2.3.2 vaccine not available in markets to controll high mortality in ducks caused by HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 outbreaks. Key Words: Duck, HPAI, AI, Avian Influenza, Vaccin
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
