1,354,124 research outputs found

    L’importance de Prague. Sur les rapports entre phénoménologie et physiologie à partir de Brentano

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    Nella Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkt (1874) Franz Brentano affrontò esplicitamente il problema del rapporto tra psicologia empirica e fisiologia e, avversando qualsiasi forma di subordinazione dell’una rispetto all’altra, assegnò alla prima il compito di fornirne una descrizione e una classificazione dei fenomeni psichici, di focalizzare le leggi del loro strutturarsi. La verifica di quanto così appurato e l’indagine dei concreti meccanismi soggiacenti alla vita psichica veniva affidato alla fisiologia. Riproponendo questo schema di fondo, più tardi Brentano parlerà di «psicologia genetica» per riferirsi a quest’ultima e di «psicognosi» per riferirsi alla psicologia empirica, psicologia empirica che Brentano, nelle lezioni viennesi tenute alla fine degli anni 80, denominerà anche «psicologia descrittiva» o «fenomenologia». Chiedersi se queste chiare indicazioni brentaniane abbiano avuto un seguito non è privo di interesse, anche se siamo di fronte a questioni sicuramente meno frequentate di altre, a partire da quella – celeberrima – concernente il concetto di intenzionalità. Tra gli allievi di Brentano vi fu infatti chi cercò di dare consistenza alle indicazioni del maestro, promuovendo una linea di ricerca che, grazie al confronto e all’interazione con componenti culturalmente diverse e non riconducibili al retroterra brentaniano, mise capo a una prospettiva teorica di primo interesse: l’autore a cui mi riferisco è Carl Stumpf; l’ambiente culturale in cui le indicazioni brentaniane poterono essere proficuamente arricchite e messe a frutto fu il vivace e stimolante contesto rappresentato dall’Università di Praga. In questo saggio cercherò di mostrare che aspetti centrali dei grandi dibattiti filosofici (e scientifici) di fine Ottocento e di inizi Novecento dedicati alla percezione (e alla percezione cromatica in particolare) hanno alle spalle proprio tale retroterra. Un retroterra le cui idee di fondo mostrano più di un elemento di interesse anche alla luce dei dibattiti contemporanei

    Le problème de l’intensité dans la psychologie de Brentano et de Stumpf

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    Many nineteenth-century psychologists assume that the measurement of psychic intensity is a prerequisite to the development of a truly scientific psychology. In the first edition (1874) of the Psychology from an empirical point of view, Brentano deals with this question. He assumes that all psychic phenomena admit of a certain intensity. Later on, Brentano retreats this doctrine and claims that only sensible phenomena admit of an intensity, whereas intellectual presentations do not. As a consequence, Brentano introduces a radical gap between sensible and noetic consciousness. By contrast, Stumpf maintains a continuity between sensations and presentations. The main difference between them is the degree of their intensity. The essay provides a discussion and a comparison of the above mentioned points of view

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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