1,720,974 research outputs found
Children's responses to social advertisements
Full text linkPublic communication campaigns are one of the instruments available in social marketing that could be used to successfully influence behaviors for the collective benefit. Designing an effective message is key to achieving an influence on individuals’ attitudes, intentions and behaviors. Healthy messages can be conveyed using Public Service Announcements (PSAs). Unfortunately, PSAs are broadcasted less often than common commercials. Therefore, the current small quantity of PSAs shown on television is not sufficient when compared to the quantity of commercial advertisements. A group often exposed to commercial advertisements and the related persuasive marketing techniques are children. Extensive research has been undertaken that focuses specifically on commercial advertisements, with a view to determining the best strategies and instruments suitable for conveying advertising messages that attract children’s attention and activate a memorization process. These strategies can be adapted to the field of PSAs to design effective social campaigns. Previous studies have focused on social advertisements targeted at young adults and adults, yet they neglect the key role that social advertising can play in disseminating useful information, changing, or preventing unhealthy habits and encouraging children to adopt good practices. The literature on PSAs or social marketing interventions aimed at children is limited; studies on the type of appeal that is more adequate for communicating social themes directly and efficaciously to them, as well as which relations and variables related to PSAs are useful in influencing children’s behavioral intention to adopt good practices are even more limited. To address this gap in the literature, three studies were conducted with Italian children aged 8 to 11. The World Health Organization states that an increase of childhood obesity and the number of youths smoking tobacco are both serious global issues. For this reason, two PSAs on the topic of healthy eating and two anti-smoking PSAs were chosen in the following studies. The first study sought to understand the impact of rational and emotional appeals on children’s attitude towards two PSAs that promoted eating fruits and vegetables. The aim of the second study was to compare the use of the humor appeal versus the use of the fear appeal in anti-smoking PSAs for children. In particular, it was examined whether different advertisement appeals (i.e., fear or humor appeals) had different effects on children’s affective reactions towards PSAs, on their beliefs about smoking, and on their behavioral intentions to smoke. The third study developed a model that addresses the direct effect of the children’s perceived likeability of PSAs, and the effect mediated by the positive emotions and PSA credibility on the children’s behavioral intention to eat fruits and vegetables
THE IMPACT OF COMMERCIAL COMMUNICATION ON CHILDREN'S BEHAVIOUR: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
No full textThe intention of the authors of this article is to present a succinct review of the effects of television advertisements on children's behaviour. In addition to this, they try to highlight certain limitations and the problematic nature, typical of much of the research examining the impact of television advertising on the attitudes and behaviours of children. Ultimately, they make some useful recommendations for future studies aimed at investigating these themes
Emotional intelligence and need for...
No full textIl presente lavoro ha preso in oggetto i tre grandi fattori motivazionali proposti da D. McClelland nella sua Learned Needs Theory, ovvero: bisogno di successo (achievement), di affiliazione (affiliation) e di potere (power). Tali fattori non sono mutualmente esclusivi, ma possono presentarsi in un individuo in diversa misura. Primo scopo del presente lavoro è stato quindi quello di indagare le possibili interrelazioni esistenti fra questi tre fattori motivazionali al lavoro. Secondariamente, è stata esaminata la possibile relazione tra questi ultimi e l’intelligenza emotiva (EI) dei partecipanti. In particolare, si supponeva di poter riscontrare una correlazione positiva tra intelligenza emotiva e il bisogno di affiliazione, data la natura sociale insita in entrambi i costrutti.Per lo studio è stato utilizzato un questionario composto da tre parti. Nella prima parte è stata inserita la scala per la misurazione dell’indice globale dell’IE di tratto, seguendo la proposta teorica di K.V. Petrides (2010). La seconda parte è costituita invece da una scala di orientamento motivazionale sviluppata secondo la teoria dei bisogni proposta da McClelland, attraverso la quale è stato possibile ottenere un indice di misura che indicasse la forza di ciascun fattore motivazionale per ogni partecipante. Il questionario si concludeva con una serie di domande socio-demografiche generiche ed è stato somministrato ad un campione iniziale di 40 studenti dell’Università di Verona dei percorsi di laurea in Scienze della formazione nelle organizzazioni e in Scienze della comunicazione.Le analisi condotte hanno portato ad una matrice di correlazione nella quale le tre componenti appaiono tra loro collegate in modo significativo. Contrariamente all’idea iniziale, l’intelligenza emotiva di tratto ha mostrato una correlazione positiva significativa con il bisogno di successo, ma non con il bisogno di affiliazione. Sembra inoltre che l’essere un lavoratore attivo rafforzi il bisogno di potere. È stato infine approntato un MES per sintetizzare la relazione tra fattori motivazionali e intelligenza emotiva. Il lavoro si conclude quindi con una breve discussione del modello e dei limiti dello studio
Sviluppo dell’intelligenza corporeo-cinestetica nel gestire e canalizzare le paure in età prescolare
Full text linkNel seguente studio sperimentale si è proposta in ambiente scolastico un’attività motoria finalizzata a sviluppare l’intelligenza cinestetica presente in ciascun bambino per il miglioramento, la gestione e la canalizzazione delle paure. Attraverso motori di ricerca quali Google Scholar e EBSCO sono stati selezionati 8 studi che indagavano l’influenza positiva dell’attività grosso/fino-motoria sulla sfera emotiva. La ricerca è avvenuta utilizzando alcune parole chiave: “physical activity”, “physical education”, “psychomotricity”, “children”, “kinesthetic intelligence”, “fear in preschool children”. La sperimentazione è stata condotta presso una Scuola dell’Infanzia di Rimini, con bambini di 4 e 5 anni (ad eccezione di una bambina di 3 anni); ha avutoinizio nel dicembre 2019 e si sarebbe dovuta concludere a giugno 2020. Individuati due gruppi, uno di lavoro e uno di controllo, ad entrambi sono stati effettuati due pre-test: TGM (Test di valutazione delle abilità grosso-motorie) e KFQ (Koala Fear Questionnaire). Con il gruppo di lavoro si sono proposte attività motorie che coinvolgessero in toto la corporeità e ne stimolassero l’intelligenza cinestetica, finalizzata al tema delle paure. A causa della pandemia da Covid-19 la sperimentazione si è dovuta interrompere nel febbraio 2020. Nonostante l’impossibilità di continuare in presenza, anche grazie alla collaborazione di genitori ed insegnanti, si è voluto inventariare il lavoro svolto.The purpose of this experimental investigation was to examine whether the promotion in the school environment of a motor activity aimed at developing each child’s kinesthetic intelligence could result in an improvement in the management and channeling of their fears. Through search engines such as Google Scholar and EBSCO, eight studies that investigated the positive influence of gross/fine motor activity on the emotional sphere of the child were selected. The research was carried out using some key words: “physical activity”, “physical education”, “psychomotricity”, “children”, “kinesthetic intelligence”, “fear in preschool children”. The experimentation was conducted in a primary school in Rimini, with 4- and 5-years old children (except for a 3-years old girl); it started in December 2019 and was due to end in June 2020. A working group and a control group were identified, and two pre-tests were given to both: TGM (Gross Motor Skills Assessment Test) and KFQ (Koala Fear Questionnaire). Motor activities that would fully involve the pupils’ bodies and stimulate their kinesthetic intelligence to address the issue of fear were proposed to the workgroup. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the experimentation had to be stopped in February 2020. Despite the impossibility of continuing in presence, also thanks to the collaboration of parents and teachers, a new twist was given to the educational research
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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