1,721,106 research outputs found
Endoscopic approach to the round window through posterior tympanotomy for cochlear implantation in children: A study on feasibility
No full textObjective: To demonstrate the feasibility of rigid endoscopy through posterior tympanotomy, which provides both a view of the round window and direction of the scala tympani in children. Methods: After a standard mini-invasive surgical approach with postauricular access and transmastoid posterior tympanotomy of 2 mm, a 0°, 1.9 mm diameter and 11 cm long endoscope is positioned in proximity of the upper part of the posterior tympanotomy to obtain a panoramic view of the inferior part of the medial wall of the tympanic cavity. Surgical complications and changes in hearing threshold were analyzed. Results: Eight children were submitted to cochlear implantation with endoscopic assistance through posterior tympanotomy. Complete visualization of the round window niche was possible in every ear. No complications related to the procedure were observed. Preoperative threshold was preserved in 9 of 10 ears. Conclusions: Direct endoscopic view through the posterior tympanotomy allows visualization of the entire round window niche as well as the angle of introduction of the multi-electrode array along the direction of the scala tympani
The Role of Endoscopic Assistance in Surgery for Pediatric Cholesteatoma in Reducing Residual and Recurrent Disease
No full textThe primary aim of this study was to evaluate long-term recurrent and residual disease after surgery for acquired cholesteatoma in children according to surgical approach. A total of 71 interventions performed on 67 pediatric patients were included in the study. Canal wall-up tympanomastoidectomy (CWUT) was performed in 31 ears (13 with endoscopic assistance), a transcanal esclusive endoscopic approach (TEEA) was used in 22, and canal wall-down tympanomastoidectomy (CWDT) was performed in 18. Overall, the cholesteatoma relapse rate estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method was 47 +/- 6% at 12 years; the recurrent cholesteatoma rate was 28 +/- 6% and the residual cholesteatoma rate was 26 +/- 5%. The relapse rate according to surgical approach was 33 +/- 11% for CWDT, 60 +/- 9% for CWUT, and 40 +/- 11% for TEEA (p = 0.04). The difference for recurrent disease was no recurrent disease for CWDT, 42 +/- 9% for CWUT, and 32 +/- 11% for TEEA (p = 0.01). The residual disease rate was significantly reduced with endoscopy: 42 +/- 8% without endoscopy vs. 9 +/- 5% with (p = 0.003). CWDT can still be considered in primary surgery in case of extensive cholesteatomas and small mastoid with poor pneumatization. TEEA can be recommended for small cholesteatoma not extending to the mastoid to reduce morbidity. Endoscopic assistance seems useful to reduce residual disease in CWUT, whereas it does not have a significant impact on preventing recurrent disease
Tympanic membrane perforation in children: Endoscopic type I tympanoplasty, a newly technique, is it worthwhile?
No full textImpact of biochar on herbicide pollution in the litani river Basin
No full textThe Litani River, the largest in Lebanon, suffers from different kind of pollution including that caused by pesticides. Among the herbicides, Fluazifop (FLP), Terbuthylazine (TBZ) and Triclopyr (TCP) are the most used and therefore the sorption on sediment and soil samples from four sites along Litani river basin: Berdaouni, Joub Jannine, Aammiq and Qaraoun, was investigated. For the three herbicides and on all sediment and soil samples, the sorption data, fitted to Freundlich logarithmic equation, show very low Kads values. At sediment and soil pH values, the herbicides and sediment and soil colloids are negatively charged, therefore negative sorption should be expected. Nevertheless, the sorption observed suggest that a lipophilic effect is acting. FLP, TBZ and TCP are herbicides with a high risk of leaching. The addition of biochar (BC) to soils and sediments increases considerably Kads values of BC added sediments and soils in comparison with that of BC-free samples. Moreover, desorption is not observed suggesting that the sorption is not reversible and hysteresis occurs. These findings suggest that the BC soil addition in Litani river basin area may be considered as an useful tool to prevent FLP, TBZ and TCP leaching in this polluted region of Lebanon
Making a pie as a metaphor for teaching scale validity and reliability
No full textTeaching difficulties often require creative approaches. Difficulties are often compounded when students in class show anxiety toward the material presented and, in particular, in the case of quantitative methods - fear of numbers. This case presented itself in an advanced course in health behavior theory, where teaching the concepts of validity and reliability became problematic. In this article, three classroom activities aiming at simplifying the concepts of validity and reliability are presented. The activities rely on the metaphor of scales being similar to the recipe of a pie, where different items in a scale would be similar to the ingredients of a pie. One activity addressing face validity, one addressing construct validity, and one for reliability (test-retest and internal consistency) will be described. In conclusion, the importance of using simple and relevant metaphors will also be stressed.Anastasi A., 1988, PSYCHOL TESTING; Bryant F. B., 1995, READING UNDERSTANDIN, P99; DIGNAN M, 1997, MEASUREMENT EVALUATI; JANIS L., 1977, DECISION MAKING PSYC; Patton MQ, 2002, AM J EVAL, V23, P93; Prochaska JO, 1997, AM J HEALTH PROMOT, V12, P380
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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