2,393 research outputs found
FiG. 3. — Phlegmariurus lancifolius V.T. Tran & N.V in A new combination and a new species in Phlegmariurus (Herter) Holub (Lycopodiaceae) from Southern Vietnam
No full textFiG. 3. — Phlegmariurus lancifolius V.T. Tran & N.V. Duy, sp. nov.: A, habit; B, segment of leafy branch; C, strobili; D, segment of strobili; E- F, ventral and dorsal views of sporophyll; G, sporangium. Duy N.V. & V.T. Tran 00011 (holo-, DLU!). Drawn by Tran Van Tien. Scale bars: A, 4 mm; B, 5 mm; C, 2 cm; E, 1 mm.Published as part of Tran Thai Vinh, Hoang Nghia, Tien Chinh Vu, Le Ngoc Trieu, Hoang Viet Hau & Van Tien Tran, 2016, A new combination and a new species in Phlegmariurus (Herter) Holub (Lycopodiaceae) from Southern Vietnam, pp. 151-157 in Adansonia 38 (2) on page 155, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n2a1, http://zenodo.org/record/43984
Magnolia lamdongensis Vu & Duy & Phan & Tran & Tiep & Xia 2015, N.V.
No full text<i>Magnolia lamdongensis</i> <p>V.T. Tran, N.V. Duy & N.H. Xia, sp. nov. (Figs 2; 3)</p> <p>M. champacifolia <i>J.E. Dandy ex F. Gagnepain</i> <i>, sp.nov. et</i> M. albosericea <i>Chun & Tsoong</i> <i>affinis, sed folia angustato-ovata, apice longa acutata, glabrescentia, petiolus</i> c. <i>3 cm longus, pedunculus</i> c. <i>3 cm longus, juventute papillatus, tepala atque gynoecia glabra.</i></p> <p>TYPUS. — <b>Vietnam</b>. Lam Dong Province, Lam Ha District, Phu Son Slope, elevation 1300 m asl, 11°55’05”N, 108°10’04”E, 12. VI.2013, <i>N. V. Duy &</i> <i>V. T. Tran 982</i> (holo-, Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research – VTN!); iso-, Vietnam National Museum of Nature – VMN, Da Lat University – DLU!).</p> <p>OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINATED. — <b>Vietnam</b>. Prov. Nha Trang, Ninh Hoa Dist. 17.V.1923, <i>Poilane 6473</i> (syntype of <i>M. champacifolia</i>); <i>ibid</i>., versant sud-est du massif de la Mère et l’Enfant, 1500 m alt., 20.V.1923, <i>6594</i> (P[P00204037, P00204038]!) [by comparison material from paratypes of <i>M. lamdongensis</i> V.T. Tran, N.V. Duy & N.H. Xia, sp. nov.]. — Typus: China, Hainan, <i>How 72740</i> (holo-, of <i>M. albosericea</i>, IBSC!) [by comparison material from other species]. DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT. — South Vietnam, Lam Dong Province. Lam Ha district, Phu Son slope and Hon Nga mountain. Growing sparsely scattered in montane evergreen broad-leaved forest, between 1300 and 1500 m asl, associated with species such as <i>Rhodoleia championii</i> Hook., <i>Castanopsis chinensis</i> (Spreng) Hance, <i>Manglietia chevalieri</i> Dandy, <i>Paramichelia baillonii</i> Hu … So far there are no seedlings and young trees around the mature individuals.</p> <p>PHENOLOGY. — The plants were flowering and fruiting between May and July.</p> <p>VERNACULAR NAME. — Dạ họp lâm đồng [magnolia of Lâm đồng]. ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet refers to Lâm đồng Province. DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Evergreen trees, to 4 m tall and 15 cm in stem diam.; bark grayish-brown, rough. Twigs slender 0.3-0.5 cm in diam., young twigs covered with densely grayish-white hairs, old twigs with elevated lenticels; terminal buds grayish-white hairy. Leaves spirally arranged, mature leaf blade rigid and leathery, narrowly ovate, glabrous, 25-35 × 5-8.5 cm; base narrowly cuneate; apex acuminate, <i>c.</i> 2 cm; margins slightly undulate; midvein abaxially prominent, with elevated long lenticels, lateral veins 14-20 on each side, abaxially prominent, reticulate veins dense and prominent on both surface when dry; petiole <i>c</i>. 3 cm long, expanded at base, densely white papillate when young, stipular scar nearly reaching apex of petiole. Peduncle erect, <i>c.</i> 2 × 0.4 cm, 3-4 internodes, densely white papillate. Flower terminal, solitary, ovoid, yellowish-white, 2-2.5 × 1.5- 2 cm; two spathaceous bracts, <i>c.</i> 2.5 cm, densely white papillate outside; pedicel inconspicuous. Tepals 9, all glabrous, in 3 whorls and different from each other; 3 outer tepals obovate-oblong, thin, 1-1.5 × 2-2.5 cm, apex slightly obtuse; 3 middle tepals obovate, thick, 0,8-1.3 × 1.5-2 cm, apex obtuse; inner tepals obovate, thick, 1.2- 1.5 × 0.5-0.8 cm, apex obtuse or slight acute. Stamens in 4-5 ranges, 70-80, unequal, dehiscing introrsely, apex triangular, acute, 8-10 × 1-1.5 mm, scarred into ventral inner tepals ca. 7 mm long. Gynoecium narrowly obovoid to ellipsoid, white, <i>c.</i> 7 × 1 mm, glabrous; stigmas <i>c.</i> 5-6 mm long, reflexed. Ovules 2, irregular with 3 winged-shape and 3 slight deep-set faces, <i>c.</i> 0.7 mm long. Fruit narrowly ellipsoid, 3.5-4 × 1-1.5 cm, carpels 13-15, dorsally dehiscent, glabrous, apex with an outcurved beak 1-3 mm long. Seeds 1-2, seed irregularly polygonal, testa pink, hilum connected to placenta by filiform funiculus, <i>c.</i> 0.8 × 0.4 mm.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>This remarkable species is very similar to <i>Magnolia champacifolia</i> J. E. Dandy ex F. Gagnepain, sp. nov. and <i>alboserisea</i> Chun & Tsoong in certain characters, but differs by leaf blades narrowly ovate, glabrous, apex long acuminate, petiole <i>c.</i> 3 cm long, tepals short and glabrous, peduncle <i>c.</i> 3 cm long and densely papillate when young, gynoecium glabrous.</p>Published as part of <i>Vu, Tien Chinh, Duy, Nong Van, Phan, Nguyen Huu Toan, Tran, Van Tien, Tiep, Nong Van & Xia, Nianhe, 2015, Additions to the Vietnamese species of Magnolia L., sect. Gwillimia DC. (Magnoliaceae), pp. 13-18 in Adansonia 37 (1)</i> on pages 14-18, DOI: 10.5252/a2015n1a2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4598823">http://zenodo.org/record/4598823</a>
Une combinaison et une espèce nouvelles dans <i>Phlegmariurus</i> (Herter) Holub (Lycopodiaceae) du Vietnam méridional
No full textDans Phlegmariurus (Herter) Holub (Lycopodiaceae), une combinaison nouvelle est proposée : P. obovalifolius (Bonap.) V.T. Tran & N.V. Duy, comb. nov., et une nouvelle espèce du sud du Vietnam : P. lancifolius V.T. Tran & N.V. Duy, sp. nov., est décrite et illustrée. Cette dernière se distingue de P. obovalifolius (Bonap.) V.T. Tran & N.V. Duy, comb. nov., par ses feuilles lancéolées à apex acuminé-aigu, de 1,1-1,5 × 0,4-0,6 cm, ses sporophylles cunéiformes ou largement ovées de c. 2 × 2 mm, à sommet acuminé-apiculé de c. 2 mm et ses sporanges réniformes.A new combination is proposed for Phlegmariurus (Herter) Holub (Lycopodiaceae): P. obovalifolius (Bonap.) V.T. Tran & N.V. Duy, comb. nov., and a new species of Phlegmariurus, P. lancifolius V.T. Tran & N.V. Duy, sp. nov., from southern Vietnam, is described and illustrated. It is distinguished from the closely related P. obovalifolius (Bonap.) V.T. Tran & N.V. Duy, comb. nov., by its leaves lanceolate, apex acuminate-acute, 1.1-1.5 × 0.4-0.6 cm, sporophyll cuneiform or broadly ovate, c. 2 × 2 mm, apex apiculate with acuminate tip, c. 2 mm, sporangia reniform.</p
Phuc Tran: Author, Teacher, Tattoo Artist
No full textProfile of Phuc Tran. Tran taught classical languages in middle and high schools in Maine and New York for years. He also owns a tattoo shop in Portland and has written a highly acclaimed novel titled Sigh, Gone about his family\u27s move to Pennsylvania from Vietnam in 1975. In this piece, Tran briefly discusses community, language, and how it feels being an Asian American in Maine
TRAN Quyet Thang
No full text학위논문(박사)--아주대학교 일반대학원 :전자공학과,2017. 2CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction to Light Modulating Devices 1
1.2 Introduction to Graphene 1
1.3 Overview of the Numerical Methods 3
1.4 Organization of Dissertation 7
CHAPTER 2: TUNABLE WIDE-ANGLE TUNNELING IN GRAPHENE-ASSISTED FRUSTRATED TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION 9
2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 Frustrated Total Internal Reflection (FTIR) Effect 10
2.3 Controllable Wide Angle Tunneling Effect with ENZ Effect in FTIR Configuration 11
2.4 Waveguide-type optical modulator based on a GA-FTIR structure 20
2.5 Chapter Summary 26
CHAPTER 3: LOW LOSS ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLABLE VERTICALLY COUPLED DIRECTIONAL COUPLER 28
3.1 Introduction 28
3.2 Vertically Coupled Directional Coupler 29
3.3 Chapter Summary 40
CHAPTER 4: OPTICAL PHASE MODULATOR BASED ON GRAPHENE EMBEDDED ALL PASS FILTER 42
4.1 Introduction 42
4.2 Phase Modulating All Pass Filter with Graphene 42
4.3 Chapter Summary 48
CHAPTER 5: COUPLED MODE THEORY OF PERFECT GRAPHENE ABSORBERS IN DUAL-MODE/SINGLE-MODE COUPLED RESONATORS SYSTEM 50
5.1 Introduction 50
5.2 Dual Mode - Single Mode Coupled Resonators System 51
5.3 Temporal Coupled Mode Theory of the "Triple-mode absorber" 52
5.4 Numerical verification of the CMT 59
5.5 Chapter Summary 66
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 68
6.1 Conclusion 68
6.2 Future Work 68
REFERENCES 70
APPENDIX: AUTHOR'S PUBLICATIONS LIST 79DoctoralOne of the most important component of integrated photonics is a class of devices known as light modulation devices, which allow us to modulate and manipulate the flow of light, similar to the role transistor played in electronics. Only recently introduced, but graphene have shown incredible promises as a "miracle" material in electronics, with properties ranging from zero band gap, very high electrical mobility, ultra broadband optical responses, and the ability to drastically modify its optical properties through chemical or electrical doping.
In this dissertation, the author presented several unique nanostructures to exploit the aforementioned graphene characteristics to create light modulation devices with superior performance characteristics. Novel effects including wide angle extraordinary reflection causes by epsilon near zero effect and wide angle extraordinary transmission causes by coupling of plasmonic supermodes, phase modulation with near unity amplitude transmission with all pass filter, and graphene perfect absorber with a coupled system of dual mode/single mode resonator was thoroughly investigated, theoretically and numerically. The effects was also presented in practical nanostructures better suited for applications, which are also numerically investigated with various numerical methods
Phlegmariurus lancifolius Vinh, Nghia, Vu, Trieu, Hau & Tran, 2016, sp. nov.
No full textPhlegmariurus lancifolius V.T. Tran & N.V. Duy, sp. nov. (Fig. 3) A Phlegmariuro obovaliFolio (Bonap.) V.T. Tran & N.V. Duy, comb. nov., lanceolatis foliis paulo majoribus, apice acuminato apiculato; sporangiis reniformibus non orbiculatis praecipue differt. Typus. — Vietnam. Lam Dong Province, Lac Duong District, Lang Bian mountain, elevation 2014 m, 12°02’6.54’’N, 108°26’02.78’’E, 20.VIII.2013, Duy N.V. & V.T. Tran 0 0 0 11 (holo-, Da Lat University – DLU!); iso-, Tay Nguyen Institute For Scientific Research – VTN!). paraTypes. — Vietnam. Annam, Ba Na, elevation 1500 m a.s.l., 15.VII.1923, Poilane 7205 (P[P01228678]!); Annam, Dent du Tigre, Quảng Trị Province, elevation 1200 m asl, 27.XI.1924, Poilane 10302 (P[P01228677!, P01228685]); Annam, MassiF du Lang Bian, elevation 2000-2500 m asl, 16.X.1919, Chevalier 30878 (P[P01228674]!); Annam, MassiF du Braian, près de Dfiring, du Haut Donai Prov., Poilane 23942 (P[P01228681!, P01293442]); Dalat, 6.VI.1921, Hayata 127 (P[P01228679]!); Quangnam-Danang Province, Ngoc Linh Mountain, elevation 1800 m asl, 24.III.1995, VH 914 (P[P01216719]!). DisTribuTion, habiTaT. — Epiphytic on tree trunks in broad leaves and cloud Forests, high mountain, 1000-2400 m. Lang Bian, Braian, Lam Đong Province; Ba Na, Đa Nang City; Quang Tri Province. And the species easily recognized by lanceolate-acuminate with apex acuminate. eTymology. — The species epithet reFers to the lanceolate leaves shaped. DescripTion Lycophytes. Plants terrestrial, erect when young and ascending when mature, Forming small clumps, 1-4 times dichotomously branched, 30-40 cm long.Shoots almost homophyllous or slightly smaller in terminal division, and equally thick throughout, main stems together with leaves c. 4 mm in diam., cordlike. Stems excl. leaves 1-2.5 mm at the base, almost completely concealed by leaF bases. Leaves densely crowded at the base and slightly spaced near terminal divisions. Sterile leaves lanceolate, spiral spreading, leathery, 1.1-1.5 × 0.4-0.6 cm, firmly coriaceous, green, apex acuminate, base narrow, sessile, abaxially flat, with slightly prominent vein abaxially and adaxially, at least in the basal halF with a distinct, margin entire. Strobili terminal on branches, linear, 0-2 times dichotomously branched, 4-8 × 0.2- 0.5 cm. Sporophylls coriaceous, sparsely arranged, cuneiForm or broadly ovate, c. 2 × 2 mm, midrib distinct, margin entire, apex acuminate with tip apiculate, c. 2 mm, base sessile. Sporangia in axils oF sporophylls oF upper portion oF stem or branchlets, yellowish, reniForm shaped, slightly flat, c. 2 × 2 mm, vertically bisected. Spores with convex lateral margins. remarks This remarkable species is distinguished From the closely related P. obovalifolius by its leaves lanceolate, apex acuminate with tip apiculate, 1.1-1.5 × 0.4-0.6 cm, apex acuminate, sporophyll cuneiForm or broadly ovate, c. 2 × 2 mm, apex acuminate with apiculate tip, c. 2 mm, sporangia reniForm.Published as part of Tran Thai Vinh, Hoang Nghia, Tien Chinh Vu, Le Ngoc Trieu, Hoang Viet Hau & Van Tien Tran, 2016, A new combination and a new species in Phlegmariurus (Herter) Holub (Lycopodiaceae) from Southern Vietnam, pp. 151-157 in Adansonia 38 (2) on pages 152-156, DOI: 10.5252/a2016n2a1, http://zenodo.org/record/43984
A new combination and a new species in Phlegmariurus (Herter) Holub (Lycopodiaceae) from Southern Vietnam
No full textA new combination is proposed for Phlegmariurus (Herter) Holub (Lycopodiaceae): P. obovalifolius (Bonap.) V.T. Tran & N.V. Duy, comb. nov., and a new species of Phlegmariurus, P. lancifolius V.T. Tran & N.V. Duy, sp. nov., from southern Vietnam, is described and illustrated. It is distinguished from the closely related P. obovalifolius (Bonap.) V.T. Tran & N.V. Duy, comb. nov., by its leaves lanceolate, apex acuminate-acute, 1.1-1.5 × 0.4-0.6 cm, sporophyll cuneiform or broadly ovate, c. 2 × 2 mm, apex apiculate with acuminate tip, c. 2 mm, sporangia reniform.382151-15
Molecular phylogeny and cryptic morphology: A combined approach to taxonomic novelties in Polycarpaea (Caryophyllaceae) from Vietnam
No full textThree new species of Polycarpaea from Vietnam, Polycarpaea vanphongensis V.T. Tran, H.T. Truong & N.V. Binh, Polycarpaea chungana V.T. Tran, H.T. Truong & N.V. Binh, Polycarpaea phuquocensis V.T. Tran, H.T. Truong & N.V. Binh are described and illustrated based on evidence of molecular sequence data from two markers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and rps16) and combined morphological characteristics. Polycarpaea vanphongensis is closely related to Polycarpaea gaudichaudi Gagnep., Polycarpaea arenaria (Lour.) Gagnep., Polycarpaea phuquocensis V.T. Tran, H.T. Truong & N.V. Binh but differs by its stem glabrous, leaf ovate to elliptic, glabrous, ovary oblong ovoid, base obtuse, apex attenuate, capsule oblong void, 3.8 mm long. Polycarpaea phuquocensis V.T. Tran, H.T. Truong & N.V. Binh differs from the three species mentioned above by its stem being densely villous, leaf spathulate, ciliate, ovary ovoid, base acute, apex obtuse, capsule ovoid, 1.2 mm long. Polycarpaea chungana V.T. Tran, H.T. Truong & N.V. Binh is most similar to Polycarpaea lignosa Gagnep., but differs in having leaf oblong or linear, sparse ciliate, sepal and petal apex deeply concaved or slightly bifid, ovary ovoid, ovoid, 0.8-1.0 mm long. Furthermore, the achievements of analysis using molecular data on the systematic positions of 7 other species are results that have not been in previous molecular analyses
Monologue, Dialogue, and Tran Vietnam
No full textA manuscript comprised of materials completed by O. W. Wolters before his death.O. W. Wolters was a twentieth-century historian of early Southeast Asia
who began his academic career with the study of early commercial
relations in the Malay world and the maritime empire of Srivijaya, which
dominated the Straits of Malacca and neighboring seas for several
centuries. During the last twenty-five years of his life, he became
interested in the Tran dynasty of Vietnam (1225-1400). From 1976 to 1996,
he published twelve articles about the Tran dynasty. When he died in 2000,
he left a nearly-completed manuscript of a book-length work about that
dynasty, which is herewith made available to the world of readers.
What makes this manuscript particularly interesting is how the author
shaped a work of historical research into what he liked to call a novel.
He became convinced that there was a certain way of thinking and speaking
that was distinctive to educated people in the Tran period, and he
believed that the best way to present this was through conversational
dialogue. He further presents the Tran way of thinking as a critical
perspective on the regimes that followed.
This manuscript also contains self-reflexive meditations on what the
author was endeavoring to achieve and his critique of his success in doing
so. He offers readers a rare glimpse into the craftsmanship of the most
creative and adventurous scholar of early Southeast Asia in his
generation
Phallostethus cuulong Shibukawa, Tran & Tran, 2012, new species
No full textPhallostethus cuulong, new species New Vietnamese name: Cá bụng đầu (Figures 1–4) Holotype. ZRC 53233, male, 24.2 mm SL, a branch of Hau River (a distributary of Mekong), Cu Lao Dung, Soc Trang Province, Vietnam (9 ° 30.8 ’ N, 106 ° 13.7 ’ E), 0–0.5 m depth, 31 July 2009, collected by K. Shibukawa. Paratypes. Total eight specimens (five males and three females), 20.0– 24.5 mm SL: CTU-P 2327, 1 specimen (female), 23.7 mm SL, Duyen Hai, Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam (9 ° 40.9 ’ N, 106 ° 30.7 ’ E), 0.3–0.8 m depths, 5 April 2009, collected by K. Shibukawa, V.V. Tran and L.X. Tran; CTU-P 2494, 1 specimen (male), 22.5 mm SL, My Thanh River (a distributary of Mekong), Vinh Chau, Soc Trang Province, Vietnam (9 ° 22.7 ’ N, 106 ° 0.7 ’ E), 0.5–1.2 m depths, 1 August 2009, collected by H.P. Ha, V.V. Tran and L.X. Tran; CTU-P 5020, 1 specimen (male, cleared and stained), 23.5 mm SL, Cho Lach, Ben Tre, Vietnam (10 ° 10.5 ’ N, 106 °. 8.9 ’ E), 0.5 m depth, 3 February 2010, collected by L.X. Tran; NSMT-P 106664, 1 specimen (male), 20.0 mm SL, collected with CTU-P 2494; NSMT-P 106665, 1 specimen (female), 22.0 mm SL, collected with CTU-P 2494; USNM 404477, 1 specimen (female), 23.8 mm SL, collected with CTU-P 2494; USNM 404478, 1 specimen (male), 20.3 mm SL, Cau Ke, Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam (9 ° 57.1 ’ N, 106 ° 1.8 ’ E), 0.5–3.5 m depths, 28 May 2010, collected by L.X. Tran; USNM 404479, 1 specimen (male, cleared and stained), 24.5 mm SL, collected with CTU-P 5020. Diagnosis. Phallostethus cuulong is distinguished from congeners in having following characters: seven serrae on the second ctenactinium in adult males (vs. five and eight in P. dunckeri and P. l e h i, respectively); 11–13 pectoral-fin rays (vs. 9–10 and 12 in P. dunckeri and P. l e h i, respectively); 11–14 + 25-26 = 37–40 vertebrae (vs. 13 + 27 = 40 and 12 + 28 = 40 in P. dunckeri and P. l e h i); approximately 5–19 teeth on paradentary (vs. 15–20 and 28 or more in P. dunckeri and P. le h i, respectively). All six examined males are dextral (vs. one and two known males of P. dunckeri are sinistral and dextral respectively, and all four know males of P. l e h i are sinistral). Description. Counts of the holotype are asterisked, and the frequency of each count is given in parentheses following the relevant count. Dorsal-fin rays 7 (2), 8 * (6) or 9 (1); anal-fin rays 24 * (4), 25 (1), 26 (3) or 27 (1); pectoral-fin rays 11 (2), 12 * (7) or 13 * (9); scales in lateral series 34 (5), 35 * (10) or 36 (3); predorsal scales 1 + 25 (1), 2 + 25 (1), 2 + 26 (4) or 2 + 27 * (3); transverse scales 6 (3), 7 * (12) or 8 * (3); circumpeduncular scales 12 * (8) or 13 (1); paradentary teeth approximately 5 (1), 6 (3), 7 (3), 8 (3), 10 (1), 13 * (1), 14 (2), 15 * (1), 18 (2) or 19 (1). The following measurements are % of SL: head length 22.1–24.1; snout length 7.0– 8.5; eye diameter 6.7–7.3; interorbital width 3.3–5.2; length of jaw 8.0– 9.4; predorsal length 78.0– 82.6; preanal length 46.4–48.7; maximum body depth 15.0– 18.7; body depth at anal-fin origin 12.4 –15.0; body width 9.4 –14.0; caudal-peduncle length 18.6–20.7; caudal-peduncle depth 5.6–7.6; length of dorsal-fin base 9.1–10.5; length of anal-fin base 32.3–36.7; pectoral-fin length 14.6–19.1; caudal-fin length 20.1–22.4. Head depressed anteriorly, with flat or barely concave interorbital space. Dorsal surface of head with membranous dome when alive or freshly collected (which can be seen in the cleared and stained specimens, e.g., Fig. 4), but shrunken and not apparent in alcohol specimen. Snout rather pointed. Eyes lateral on head, large, diameter slightly less than snout length. Mouth terminal or subterminal; jaws small, barely extend to a level of anterior margin of eye; upper jaws highly protractile. Body compressed, moderately deep. Anus and urogenital openings anterior, ventral to pectoral-fin base. A slightly frayed, fleshy membranous mid-ventral keel between urogenital opening and anal-fin origin. In males, a distinct mid-ventral groove, deepened and widened anteriorly, supports the priapium and mid-ventral keel. Pectoral fin falcate, the uppermost branched ray longest in most specimens; pectoral-fin rays branched, except for the uppermost 1 (uppermost nubby ossicle not included here; see “Materials and Methods” above) and lowermost 1–2 rays unbranched. Pelvic fin absent in males, present but rudimentary in females (Fig. 3). First dorsal fin absent; origin of second dorsal fin at, or slightly before, a level of posterior end of anal-fin base; anterior 2–3 rays simple, whereas the other rays branched. Anal fin with a long base, commencing well before midlength; anterior 2–4 rays simple, whereas the other rays branched. Caudal fin emarginate, symmetrical dorsoventrally. Male bilaterally asymmetric, dextral; namely, seminal papilla offset to right side of body (= aproctal side), and anus offset to left side of body (= proctal side); a long rod-like toxactinium curved from left to right; a large fleshy pad, the pulvinulus, covers articulation point of toxactinium and aproctal axial bone (Fig. 3). Scales on body cycloid, moderately large and deciduous; scales on abdomen largest; body entirely scaled, except for pectoral-fin base, mid-ventral groove before anal-fin origin, and mid-predorsal narrow naked space slightly behind occipital region; head and fins naked, except for posterior part of occipital region and basal part of caudal fin with some scales. Teeth on premaxilla and dentary unicuspid, slightly curved inward. Paradentary slender (as in Phallostethus dunckeri illustrated by Parenti, 1984: 4, fig. 1), with 5–19 minute teeth laterally; teeth on paradentary form a uniserial row or, in some larger specimens, biserial rows; teeth on inner row, if present, much smaller than those on outer row. Cephalic sensory canals reduced, comprising: two short infraorbital canals (each with terminal pores only) anteriorly and anteroventrally to eye; preopercular canal (with 6–7 pores). Main external bones in males including a long, curved toxactinium and a short stout ctenactinium with seven serrae dorsally (not including a hook-like distal tip); two smallest males examined (CTU-P 2493 and USNM 404478, 20.0– 20.3 mm SL) bearing 5–6 serrae on ctenactinium, assumued to represent the immature condition (and not included in the diagnosis, above). First pleural rib attached to fifth vertebra in males, fourth in females; first pleural rib in female much shorter than in male. Branchiostegal rays 4. Color when alive or freshly collected. Body subtranslucent in life, but whitish immediately after death (Fig. 1); a bright white blotch over brain when alive (assumed to fade just after death); iris silvery; minute melanophores scattered on snout, cheek and jaws; a melanophore at angle of lower jaw; a large reddish yellow blotch, slightly smaller than eye, at mid-lateral caudal fin base; male priapium with several large and small melanophores, particularly on the aproctal side (= right side in the new species) just anterior to the base of second ctenactinium; a series of minute black dots along mid-lateral septum of body musculature at least on caudal part of body; inner side of pectoral fin with many melanophores at least dorsally (the area with melanophores much more broader in females than in males); a series of mid-ventral black dots from anal-fin origin to caudal-fin base; other fins transparent. Color in alcohol. Head and body pale straw-colored; a series of irregular-sized melanophores (several of them dash-like) along midlateral septum of body musculature (at least on caudal part); paired patches of melanophores on anterior part of snout dorsally; many melanophores scattered on head above neurocranium, those posterior distinctly larger than those anterior; a melanophore at angle of lower jaw; a patch of minute gular melanophores; two patches of melanophores at throat and just behind urogenital opening in females; male priapium with several large and small melanophores, particularly on the aproctal side (= right side in this species) just anterior to the base of second ctenactinium; a mid-ventral series of black dots from anal- to caudal-fin bases, each along anal-fin base on interspace between fin rays (continuous and forming a irregular blackish gray line in some specimens); inner side of pectoral fin with many melanophores dorsally (the area with melanophores much broader in females than in males); caudal fin covered by numerous minute melanophores; other fins transparent. Distribution, habitat and the other notes. Phallostethus cuulong is known from nine specimens, six males and three females, collected from shallow waters (<1.2m depth) around banks of slow-flowing turbid canals and rivers with soft muddy bottoms in Soc Trang and Tra Vinh Provinces, Vietnam. The first author (KS) observed that a fish, latter designated as one of the paratypes of Phallostethus cuulong (NSMT-P 106665), swam slowly at the water surface around a bank of the slow-flowing tidal canal with dense semi-aquatic vegetation. A bright white blotch on dorsal surface of head was clearly confirmed in the field, but less vivid than that of the sympatric aplocheilid, Aplocheilus panchax (well-known for its reflective “pineal” spot on the top of the head). When the fish was disturbed, it quickly swam a short distance away from the original position; it was subsequently scooped up carefully using a hand net by KS. The species was usually solitary, and collected by hand nets or seine nets. Like the other phallostethids in the Vietnamese Mekong, this species has never been seen in the fish markets. As far as we aware, all fishes of the family Phallostethidae have no vernacular names in the Vietnamese Mekong (except for the new species herein named), since they are usually overlooked. Etymology. The specific name, cuulong, is the Vietnamese name of the Mekong delta (Cưu Long), where the type series of the new species was collected. The name, here applied as a noun in apposition, means “nine dragons,” in reference to nine distributaries of the Mekong basin in Vietnam. Remarks. Following the key to genera of phallostethid fishes by Parenti (1989), the new species is clearly assigned to Phallostethus by having the combination of, e.g., shield-like pulvinulus, large seminal papilla, long toxactinium, membranous dome on dorsal surface of head, 24–27 anal-fin rays, 37–40 vertebrae, serrated ctenactinium, non-projecting lower jaw beyond upper jaw, no first dorsal fin, and 7–9 second dorsal-fin rays. In particular, no other phallostethid genera are known that bear 24 or more anal-fin rays (vs. 22 or less anal-fin rays in the other phallostethids). Within the genus, the new species resembles the Bornean species Phallostethus lehi in sharing 11–13 pectoral-fin rays, but differs in having seven serrae on second ctenactinium in adult (vs. eight in P. l e h i), 25–26 caudal vertebrae (vs. 28), and 6–19 paradentary teeth (vs. 28 or more). All six examined males of the new species are dextral, immediately distinguishing them from sinistral males in P. l e h i. The new species is also distinguished from Phallostethus dunckeri, known only from Johor, Malay Peninsula but presumed to be extinct (Parenti, 1996), by having seven serrae on second ctenactinium in adults (vs. five in P. d u n c k e r i), 11–13 pectoral-fin rays (vs. 9–10), and 25–26 caudal vertebrae (vs. 27). Sexual dimorphism in the pleural ribs was reported from Phallostethus lehi by Parenti (1996); according to her, the species has the first pair of pleural ribs on the fifth vertebrae in males, the fourth vertebrae in females. This dimorphism is also found in Phallostethus cuulong. Furthermore, P. cuulong appears to show sexual dimorphism in the number of precaudal vertebrae: all six males examined have 13–14 precaudal vertebrae, as against 11–12 in all three females examined. Although Parenti & Louie (1998) reported similar sexual dimorphism in vertebral counts from four species of Neostethus, hitherto it has never been known from the other species of Phallostethus.Published as part of Shibukawa, Koichi, Tran, Dinh Dac & Tran, Loi Xuan, 2012, Phallostethus cuulong, a new species of priapiumfish (Actinopterygii: Atheriniformes: Phallostethidae) from the Vietnamese Mekong, pp. 45-51 in Zootaxa 3363 on pages 46-51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.28164
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