160 research outputs found
Approximation properties of a new generalized Bernstein-Kantorovich operators
No full textBy means of construction of suitable functions and the method of Bojanic-Cheng, the author gives the rate of convergence of a new generalized Bernstein-Kantorovich operators for some absolutely continuous functions
Rates of approximation of bounded variation functions by two generalized Meyer-Konig and Zeller type operators
No full textIn this paper, the approximation behaviours of two generalized Meyer-Konig and Zeller type operators M-n,M-alpha(f, x) and (M) over cap(n,alpha)(f, x) are studied. By means of the decomposition technique of functions of bounded variation and the method of Bojanic [1], Bojanic and Vuilleumier [2]1 and Cheng [3], together with some results from probability theory and the exact bound of Meyer-Konig and Zeller operators basis functions, the rates of convergence of these two operators for functions of bounded variation are obtained. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
A Markov-Switching Model of Inflation in Bolivia
No full textThe Bolivian inflation process is analyzed utilizing a time-varying univariate and multivariate Markov-switching model (TMS). With monthly data and, beginning in the late 1930s, inflation is accurately described by a univariate TMS. The intercept for the high-inflation regime is significantly higher than for the low-inflation regime and the actual inflation rate mirrors the smoothing probabilities of the Markov process. Additionally, the predicted duration of each regime closely fits the periods when the country experienced low and inordinate high inflation rates. From a long-run perspective and utilizing a multivariate TMS, the results generally fall in line with what the quantity theory of money predicts. In the high-inflation regime, money growth increases inflation (almost) one-for-one, as classical economics contends. From a short-run perspective and in the high-inflation regime, inflation is almost exclusively explained by a negative output gap. In the low-inflation regime, lagged inflation is the most important determinant of inflation, in line with price stickiness expectations. Partitioning the sources of inflation demonstrate that, from a long-run perspective and in the high inflation regime, differences in inflation are mostly explained by GDP growth; in the low-inflation regime, money growth and velocity growth are the principal factors explaining the variance of inflation. From a short-run perspective, the output gap explains almost all regression variance in the high-inflation regime, and past inflation does the same during times of low inflation, though in both cases the R2 is low which precludes making definite statements about the sources of variability in inflation
The Impact of Fiscal Decentralization on Accountability, Economic Freedom, and Political and Civil Liberties in the Americas
No full textThis paper analyzes the impact of fiscal decentralization on accountability, economic freedom, and political and civil liberties in the Americas. The findings indicate that decentralization initially hampers but eventually enhances accountability and political and civil liberties, in line with the hypothesized positive correlation between greater fiscal autonomy and a more inclusive, participatory government. The impact of fiscal decentralization on economic freedom, however, runs counter to expectations. Decentralization seems to initially bolster freedom, but it eventually constrains it, proving that greater accountability and political and civil liberties do not necessarily lead to greater economic freedom. When Canada and the US are excluded and the analysis is done with developing American nations only, the behavioral pattern regarding how fiscal decentralization affects the principal variables intensifies, noting that in developing countries the impact of fiscal decentralization is likely to be more consequential
The effect of coca and FDI on the level of corruption in Bolivia
No full textThis paper analyzes the causes of corruption in contemporary Bolivia. It argues that, along with the well-documented observation that richer countries tend, on average, to be less corrupt than poorer ones, corruption is directly dependent on FDI inflows, with higher levels of FDI associated with lower levels of corruption and vice versa. Additionally, the findings reveal that a less controlled, more permissive market for coca leaves actually reduces the level of corruption in the country, supporting the hypothesis that the way to a less corrupt Bolivia is by lowering government intervention into this controversial market
A Note on Approximation by Bernstein Polynomials
No full textAbstractBy establishing an identity for Sn(x) ≔ ∑nj=0 |j/n − x| (nj) xj(1 − x)n−j, the present paper shows that a pointwise asymptotic estimate cannot hold for Sn(x), and, at the sante time, obtains a better result than that in Bojanic and Cheng [3]
On the rate of convergence of two Bernstein-Bezier type operators for bounded variation functions
No full textIn this paper we study the rate of convergence of two Bernstein-Bezier type operators B-n((alpha)) and L-n((alpha)) for bounded variation functions. By means of construction of suitable Functions and the method of Bojanic and Vuillemier (J. Approx. Theory 31 (1981), 67-79), using some results of probability theory, we obtain asymptotically optimal estimations of B-n((alpha)) and L-n((alpha)) for bounded variation functions at points of continuity and points of discontinuity. (C) 1998 Academic Press
General regular variation, Popa groups and quantifier weakening
No full textWe introduce general regular variation, a theory of regular variation containing the existing Karamata, Bojanic-Karamata/de Haan and Beurling theories as special cases. The unifying theme is the Popa groups of our title viewed as locally compact abelian ordered topological groups, together with their Haar measure and Fourier theory. The power of this unified approach is shown by the simplification it brings to the whole area of quantifier weakening, so important in this field
Approximation for bounded functions and absolutely continuous functions by beta operators
No full textAbstractIn this paper, the pointwise approximation properties of Beta operators n are studied to the bounded functions and the absolutely continuous functions, respectively. First, we use the asymptotic form of the central limit theorem in probability theory to derive an asymptotic estimate on the rate of convergence of Beta operators n for the bounded functions. Next, we give the optimal estimate on the first-order absolute moment of the Beta operators Bn(|t−χ|,χ) by direct computations. Then, we use this estimate and Bojanic-Cheng-Khan's method combining with some analysis techniques to derive an asymptotically optimal estimate on the rate of convergence of Beta operators n, for the absolutely continuous functions
La evidencia empírica sobre las determinantes de la descentralización fiscal
No full textThis paper analyzes the main determinants of fiscal decentralization in a sample of eighty-four countries. Theempirical findings show that the most consistent variable affecting fiscal decentralization is the size of a country: as land size increases, the level of fiscal decentralization increases as well. Countries with higher income equality, an educated population, more democratic, more urbanized and open to trade are also more likely to be more decentralized, though the findings demonstrate that there are regional and income variations. The most important policy implication is that governments interested in deepening the devolutionof fiscal responsibilities to sub-national levels may consider acting to affect those variables that have been shown to exert a positive influence on this process.Este artículo analiza las principales determinantes de descentralización fiscal en una muestra de 84 países. Los resultados empíricos demuestran que el tamaño geográfico de un país es la variable que con mayor consistencia afecta el nivel de descentralización fiscal. Países con mayor equidad en la distribución del ingreso, con niveles de educación altos, más democráticos, más urbanizados y abiertos al comercio internacional tienden a ser más descentralizados, aunque los resultados demuestran que existen variaciones en el patrón de comportamiento a nivel regional y de ingreso. La implicación de política más importante es que aquellos países interesados en descentralizar funciones gubernamentales deberían considerar actuar sobre aquellas variables que han demostrado tener una influencia positiva sobre este proceso
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