1,722,426 research outputs found
Learning the latent structure of translation
No full textHoe komt een vertaling van een tekst eigenlijk tot stand? Welke denkstappen nemen we bij het maken van een vertaling? Markos Mylonakis gebruikte statistische methoden om de tweetalige patronen te ontdekken die aanwezig zijn in handmatig, professioneel geproduceerde vertalingen. Voor elke zin onderzocht hij met een computer miljoenen potentiële analyses op efficiënte wijze, met als doel om die vertaalstappen te identificeren die het beste verklaren hoe de vertaling tot stand is gekomen. De op deze manier geleerde vertaalstappen, bijvoorbeeld vertalingen tussen woorden of zinsdelen, kunnen worden hergebruikt bij de vertaling van nieuwe zinnen. Mylonakis probeerde met name inzicht te krijgen in de rol van grammatica bij vertalingen. De algoritmen zijn zo ontwikkeld dat zij in staat zijn om te herkennen wanneer een bepaalde grammaticale constructie een specifieke vertaalstap vereist, zoals een andere woordvolgorde. Deze kennis maakt het mogelijk om de kwaliteit van automatische vertalingen aanzienlijk te verbeteren, in het bijzonder bij talen met zeer verschillende grammatica's, zoals Engels en Chinees
Learning the latent structure of translation
No full textHoe komt een vertaling van een tekst eigenlijk tot stand? Welke denkstappen nemen we bij het maken van een vertaling? Markos Mylonakis gebruikte statistische methoden om de tweetalige patronen te ontdekken die aanwezig zijn in handmatig, professioneel geproduceerde vertalingen. Voor elke zin onderzocht hij met een computer miljoenen potentiële analyses op efficiënte wijze, met als doel om die vertaalstappen te identificeren die het beste verklaren hoe de vertaling tot stand is gekomen. De op deze manier geleerde vertaalstappen, bijvoorbeeld vertalingen tussen woorden of zinsdelen, kunnen worden hergebruikt bij de vertaling van nieuwe zinnen. Mylonakis probeerde met name inzicht te krijgen in de rol van grammatica bij vertalingen. De algoritmen zijn zo ontwikkeld dat zij in staat zijn om te herkennen wanneer een bepaalde grammaticale constructie een specifieke vertaalstap vereist, zoals een andere woordvolgorde. Deze kennis maakt het mogelijk om de kwaliteit van automatische vertalingen aanzienlijk te verbeteren, in het bijzonder bij talen met zeer verschillende grammatica's, zoals Engels en Chinees
"p-y" curves for piles in radially inhomogeneous soil
No full text“p-y” curves are used to simplify the pile response of laterally loaded piles at any given depth by describing the applied lateral soil reaction as a function of the lateral displacement. Simple analytical solutions in two-dimensions for system stiffness are available by modelling a segment of the pile surrounded by an annular zone of linear-elastic soil. Current solutions assume homogeneous soil conditions. However, installation of a bored pile in clay would result in a region of softened material immediately surrounding the pile-soil interface, which can be modelled using a function describing the variation of shear modulus with distance from the pile. Such functions are available in the literature using linear and power-law variations. This paper derives an improved solution for the system stiffness considering the effects of pile installation. The previously discussed annular zone of soil is split into multiple rings with each able to define an independent shear modulus. A solution for the overall system stiffness is provided. Three-dimensional and parameter effects are discussed
Episode 27: Part 3 - Improving patient outcomes through diagnostics in stewardship with Eleftherios Mylonakis
No full textRuntime 19:32In this episode, we discuss one of Dr. Mylonakis’s previously published papers, “The Cost-Effectiveness of Rapid Diagnostic Testing for the Diagnosis of Bloodstream Infections with or without Antimicrobial Stewardship''. We will focus on how rapid diagnostics, along with stewardship, can improve the quality and cost effectiveness of patient care, resulting in improved patient outcomes.. (2022). Episode 27: Part 3 - Improving patient outcomes through diagnostics in stewardship with Eleftherios Mylonakis. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/258182
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Axial kinematic response of end-bearing piles to P waves
No full textKinematic pile-soil interaction under vertically impinging seismic P waves is revisited through a novel continuum elastodynamic solution of the Tajimi type. The proposed model simulates the steady-state kinematic response of a cylindrical end-bearing pile embedded in a homogeneous viscoelastic soil stratum over a rigid base, subjected to vertically propagating harmonic compressional waves. Closed-form solutions are obtained for the following: (i) the displacement field in the soil and along the pile; (ii) the kinematic Winkler moduli (i.e., distributed springs and dashpots) along the pile; (iii) equivalent, depth-independent, Winkler moduli to match the motion at the pile head. The solution for displacements is expressed in terms of dimensionless transfer functions relating the motion of the pile head to the free-field surface motion and the rock motion. It is shown that (i) a pile foundation may significantly alter (possibly amplify) the vertical seismic excitation transmitted to the base of a structure and (ii) Winkler moduli pertaining to kinematic loading differ from those for inertial loading. Simple approximate expressions for kinematic Winkler moduli are derived for use in applications. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Simplified analytical "m-θ" curves for predicting nonlinear lateral pile response
No full textThe relationship between the distributed moment acting on a pile segment due to vertical shear tractions at the pile-soil interface and the corresponding pile rotation (known as an “m-θ” curve) is important when determining the response of offshore monopiles with low slenderness ratios. Two simplified approaches to derive nonlinear “m-θ” curves (for clay under undrained conditions) are considered. Firstly, the vertical shear tractions can be derived in closed-form using known “t-z” curves (power-law and quadratic forms are considered) and integrating with respect to the pile circumference. Secondly, similarity in shape between an “m-θ” and a “t-z” curve is investigated which would enable a linear-transformation between the abscissas of the two normalised curves. This paper derives analytical linear-transformation factors using power-law and quadratic “t-z” curves and compares these with solutions available for a linear-elastic soil material. Finally, the effect of slip at the pile-soil interface on the “m-θ” curve is considered
A simplified analytical model for developing “t-z” curves for axially loaded piles
No full textPile settlement estimation can be simplified using one-dimensional “t-z” curves to describe the relationship between shear stress and settlement at the pile-soil interface at a specific depth. This simplifies the two-dimensional continuum problem to that of a one-dimensional rod. Some analytical “t-z” curves are available in literature; however, to employ these solutions a suitable soil constitutive model, expressed in a flexibility form γ = γ(τ), must be chosen. This must be carefully calibrated against laboratory test data to accurately represent soil behaviour. This paper explores an alternative approach for piles in clay employing a direct similarity-based relationship between a shear stress-strain curve and a “t-z” curve. A linear-transformation factor is derived which can be applied to a representative soil test directly from the site to produce a “t-z” curve, thus removing the need to calibrate/integrate a suitable soil constitutive model. Suitable values for this factor have been obtained through comparison with existing analytical “t-z” curves
Size Limitations for Piles in Seismic Regions
No full textA novel theoretical study exploring the importance of pile diameter in resisting seismic actions of both the kinematic and the inertial type, is reported. With reference to a pile under a restraining cap, is shown analytically that for any given set of design parameters, a range of admissible pile diameters exists, bounded by a minimum and a maximum value above and below which the pile will yield at the top even with highest material quality and amount of reinforcement. The critical diameters depend mainly on seismicity, soil stiffness and safety factor against gravity loading, and to a lesser extent on structural strength. This scale effect is not present at interfaces separating soil layers of different stiffness, yet it may govern design at the pile head. The work at hand deals with both steel and concrete piles embedded in soils of uniform or increasing stiffness with depth. Closed-form solutions are derived for a number of cases, while others are treated numerically. Application examples and design issues are discussed.<br/
- …
