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Riwaya Teule za Karne ya Ishirini na Moja na Udurusu wa Nadharia za Fasihi
Get PDFLiterary theory represents a way of thinking and a body of writing that is dedicated to the analysis of literary texts. It is a means through which literary critics come to appreciate the nature of the literary texts they seek to analyze and the methodology that informs their practice. Analyzing three 21st Century Swahili novels, this paper examines a paradigm shift: literary theory becomes the sub¬ject under examination as opposed to its conventional role where it would ideally offer systematic views of what such texts would mean. Said Ahmed Mohamed’s Dunia Yao (2006) and Nyuso za Mwanamke (2010) on the one hand, and Kyallo Wadi Wamitila’s Musaleo! (2004), on the other, represent a new kind of writing that experiments on literary theory as a subject for criticism. In these texts, we read about the tenets and practice of a variety of literary theories including Russian formalism, Saussurean and Jakobsonian structuralism, Derrida’s deconstruction, Edward Said’s post-colonial theory, and Carl Gustav Jung’s psychoanalytical theory. While this experiment that the two novelists engage in may appear elitist for the average reader at first, the paper contends that this form of writing will in the long term assist in the domestication of literary theory. Further, the three texts could greatly assist in pedagogical issues if read alongside other mandatory course books on literary theory
Ushairi wa Kezilahabi ni Ushairi wa Nabhany: Ushahidi Kutoka Uchanganuzi wa Umbo la Shairi la Wanajadi
Get PDFMakala haya yanakariri hoja kwamba ushairi wa Wagunduzi ni ushairi wa Wanajadi. Mapitiyo yetu ya maandishi yanayozungumziya ushairi wa Kiswahili yameonesha kwamba kuna makundi mawili: Wanajadi, akiwamo Sheikh Nabhany, na Wagunduzi, akiwamo Kezilahabi. Yaliyoandikwa yanaonesha kuwa mgogoro ulizuka kutokana na wanajadi kudai kuwa ushairi wa wagunduzi si wa Kiswahili kwa sababu haufwati urari wa vina na mizani na hivo umbo lake ni tafauti na la mashairi ya Kiswahili. Fauka ya hayo, wachanganuzi wa mashairi ya Kiswahili wana maoni kwamba mashairi ya Kezilahabi ni aina mpya ya mashairi ya Kiswahili. Lengo la makala haya ni kugeuza mwendelezo wa fikira hii. Lengo hili limefikiwa kwa kutumiya uainishaji wa mashairi ya Kiswahili uliyotolewa na Mwanajadi Nabhany kwamba umbo la shairi linatokana na mpangiliyo maalumu wa sauti. Kwa kuchanganuwa umbo la shairi moja la Kezilahabi kupitiya kigezo cha bahari ya utumbuizo, ambayo Nabhany ameiorodhesha kuwa bahari mojawapo ya mashairi ya kijadi ya Kiswahili, tumeona kwamba ushairi wa Kezilahabi una sifa zote, ama karibu zote, za bahari hiyo. Kwa sababu hiyo, tunahitimisha kuwa ushairi wa Kezilahabi ni ushairi wa Wanajadi
Metafizikia ya Kuwapo katika Methali za Waswahili: Uhakiki wa Kiudenguzi
No full textMetafizikia, kimsingi, ni falsafa inayohusu uchunguzi wa chanzo cha fikra na maarifa kuhusu dhana mbalimbali hususan zile ambazo ni za kidhahania. Katika makala haya metafizikia ya kuwapo ni dhana maalumu inayohusiana na jinsi wanajamii wa Kimagharibi wanavyopania kuwa na kitovu mahususi ambacho kila kitu kingeibukia. Ni fikra inayohusishwa na mwanaudenguzi Mfaransa Jacques Derrida ambaye anaziona jamii hizi ziking’ang’ania kitovu hicho wanachokiona cha thamani na ambacho huenda kikawa Mungu, ukweli, mwanzo, au hata utu. Kitovu hiki kinachoenziwa na kuchukuliwa kuwa adili na wanajamii ndicho Derrida alichokiita logocentrism (nenofunge). Makala yanapendekeza kuwa jamii ya Waswahili nayo imejengeka katika fikra kama hii ambapo kila kitu kinawekwa katika kitovu maalumu, na hivyo basi metafizikia yao mahususi ya kuwapo. Makala yanafuatilia mbinu kuu ya kiudenguzi ya kuiweka wazi metafizikia ya kuwapo kwa kuzingatia ukinzani wa jozi za maneno katika methali maalumu za Waswahili. Ili kufikia lengo hilo, makala yamezamia kikoa mahususi cha methali za Waswahili kinachozungumzia ukinzani uliopo kati ya kuwapo/kutokuwapo na kubainisha jinsi metafizikia ya kuwapo, kama ilivyoendelezwa na Derrida, inavyoweza kueleweka. Sampuli ya methali 16 imetumiwa kwa kuzingatia kigezo cha kuzungumziwa ama kuwapo au kutokuwapo kwa sifa fulani. Kikoa hicho cha methali kinahusisha methali zinazoanza na mzizi wa kivumishi ‘–enye’ au zile zinazotaja kuwapo/kutokuwapo moja kwa moja. Hitimisho la makala haya ni kuwa kuwapo, sawa na kutokuwapo, mapenzi/chuki, wazee/vijana, wema/ubaya, wengi/wachache, mafundi/wanafunzi na jozi nyinginezo ambazo mara nyingi hutenganishwa na Waswahili zimebainishwa kama zinazoathiriana na kujengana kimaana – tofauti na fikra yetu kwamba zimeachana kama lilivyo jua na mbingu. Kwa sababu hiyo, methali za Waswahili zimejengeka katika fikra ya kiudenguzi inayohakiki utepetevu wa lugha na kutoimarika kwake kama msingi wa mawasiliano
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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