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Quine, Laudan, and the normativity problem of naturalized epistemology
Get PDFQuine’ın “Epistemology Naturalized” başlıklı makalesi epistemolojide doğallaştırma düşüncesinin klasik yapıtıdır. Pek çok geleneksel bilgi kuramcısı özellikle bu makaleyi hedef alarak epistemolojinin doğallaştırılmasını eleştirmiştir. Eleştirilerin odağında Quine’ın, psikolojinin bir alt bölümü haline getirerek, epistemolojinin normatifliğini ortadan kaldırdığı savı yer almaktadır. Laudan epistemolojide doğallaştırmanın gerekli olduğunu savunmasına karşın Quine’a yöneltilen bu eleştiriye katılmakta ve “normatif doğalcılık” adını verdiği yeni bir epistemolojik yaklaşım önermektedir. Bu çalışmada Quine’a yöneltilen eleştirinin yersiz ve Quine’ın doğallaştırılmış epistemolojisinin Laudan’ın normatif doğalcılığı gibi hipotetik normatif olduğunu tartışacağım.Quine’s “Epistemology Naturalized” is the locus classicus of naturalism in epistemology. Many traditional epistemologists criticized naturalization of epistemology specifically targeting that article of Quine. The critics argue that Quine abolishes the normativity of epistemology. For he proposes epistemology as a chapter of psychology. Laudan, like Quine, believes that epistemology should be naturalized. However he criticizes Quine’s project of naturalization for similar reasons as Quine’s critics. Instead, he proposes a new project that he calls “normative naturalism”. In this work, I will first argue against the critics of Quine and then argue that both Quine’s and Laudan’s naturalized epistemologies are hypothetically normative
The importance of Word-Meaning Relation upon Handling a Problem
Get PDFWOS: 000431615800011When someone wants to mention a certain topic, many problems arise in terms of shape, but more in content. Not diversified, these problems occur more frequently as the ignorance of the lexical-semantic relation to clarifying the content dimension of the "problem" to be addressed. Some of the words used to describe a particular meaning, depending on the size of the sentence, are used to cover some of the meaning but some are used to cover the whole meaning of what is meant by some words. It is very difficult to compensate for the use of the connotation, which is an indirect manifestation. Therefore, the choice of the words to be used is vitally important. The words, which resemble a living organism, continue their lives by passing through phases such as birth and growth. A significant change can take place in the meanings that the words represent because of social events. In such cases, if the words do not continue to be used or if the appropriate words are not replaced, it will lead to many problems that can not be predicted in actions depending on the gaps in the minds due to the change in meaning
Avicenna's interpretation of hudütd
No full textIn this article, I shall deal with the concept of huduth (origination) as contextualized by CU Avicenna, which emerges in the context of relation between God and the world, while relating the coming into existence of the world with temporality. Avicenna discusses that there are two kinds of origination according to his classification of the celestial and sublunary world in ontology. Rational beings, celestial souls and bodies, heavenly motion and time depend on this motion are known as essential coming into existence (huduth dhdti). These things are eternal from the point of view of temporality. There is no time difference between them and God who is the ultimate cause of them. The sublunary world consists of matter and bodies of generation and corruption. The various movements of these bodies and the time that depends on the movements are of the topic: temporal coming into existence (huduth zamani).Bu makalede, Tanrı-âlem ilişkisi bağlamında ortaya çıkan ve âlemin varlık kazanmasının zamansallıkla olan irtibatını konu edinen hudûs kavramı, İbn Sînâ açısından ele alınmıştır. İbn Sînâ, ontolojisinde yer alan ay-üstü ve ay-altı âlem tasnifiyle irtibatlı olarak iki tür hudûsa yer verir. Ay-üstü âlemde yer alan akıllar, nefis ve cisimleriyle birlikte felekler, göksel hareket ve bu hareketle varlık kazanan zaman, zâtî hudûsun konusudur. Zâtî hudûsa konu olan varlıklar, zamansal anlamda ezelîdir. Onların nihai anlamda varlık nedeni olan Tanrı ile aralarında zaman yoktur. Ay-altı âlemi oluşturan ve mevcudiyet kazanmasında maddenin aracılık ettiği oluş-bozuluşa konu cisimler, bu cisimlerin muhtelif hareketleri ve bu hareketlerin oluşturduğu zaman ise zamansal hudûsun konusu oluşturu
The Role and Importance of Schematism in the Critique of Pure Reason
No full textThis article focuses on Transcendental Schematism in the Critique of Pure Reason. Schematism has the utmost importance for the explanation of the deduction of the categories, and application of the pure concepts to experience. As the material of sensibility and understanding are heterogeneous, schematism bears the vital role of rendering them homogeneous for the possibility of cognition. Thus, schematism both elucidates the structure of the determinate judgments and the ground of transcendental philosophy by subtly building a bridge between the sensibility and understanding. Despite its significance, schematism is often criticized for its difficulty and incomprehensibility. In this context, this study aims to illuminate the structure of schematism and underline the importance of it for transcendental philosophy as it is presented by Kant in the Critique of Pure Reason
Rönesans ütopyaları ve distopyalarda bilim anlayışına bakış
No full textWOS:000431615200008The idea of utopia is one of the important efforts in political philosophy in the history of though. Plato's works Republic and Laws are seen as the first state of utopia. The idea of utopia was discussed in the Renaissance period again. One of the factors that influence this period is the idea of science. Starting from the Thomas More's Utopia was discussed thought of science will be given in the ideal state. Even in the state to maintain order utopia, which based on the perception of science education and founded on it. Bacon's Solomon's House has been seen as an institution grounded in modern Science Academy. However, dystopias, written as a criticism against the idea of the socialist state gave place to science and education in the twentieth century. Dystopias took the science ideological attitude and science and scientists was presented by the order of the state. This issue especially has emerged dystopia of Orwell's 1984, Aldous Huxley's Brave New World and Zamyatin's We (Miy)
An Inquiry into the Progressive Understanding of History in the Context of the Technology-Value Relationship
No full textİnsanın varlığa anlam verme çabası olan teknoloji günümüzde hayatın her alanına sirayet eden çok yönlü etkileriyle başta felsefe olmak üzere birçok disiplin için problematik bir alandır. Söz konusu problematik alandan hareket eden bu makale teknolojik gelişmelerin insanlık tarihinde gerçek bir ilerleme kabul edilip edilmeyeceğini soruşturmaktadır. Makalede ilerlemeci tarih anlayışının iddiaları teknoloji ve değer bağlamında tetkik edilerek teknolojinin değer yüküne vurgu yapılırken aynı zamanda bir kültür ve değer varlığı olan insan için ilerlemenin sadece teknik ve nicel gelişmelerden ibaret olmadığı mütalaa edilmektedir. Makalenin sonunda teknolojik ilerlemenin insanlık için bir ilerleme imkânı sunmakla birlikte her teknolojik gelişmenin tarihte bir ilerleme anlamına gelmediği sonucuna varılmıştır
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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