1,720,959 research outputs found
Perfil cognitivo, personalidad y autoeficacia : un estudio del ajuste entre características del trabajador y demandas del puesto, y su influencia sobre el desempeño en el trabajo
No full textResumen: El futuro del trabajo es tan fascinante como inquietante, ya que juega un papel central en nuestras vidas y en nuestra identidad social. En las organizaciones, el propósito es emparejar a los candidatos con puestos específicos de trabajo y se espera un mejor desempeño laboral cuanto mayor sea el ajuste de estas características individuales a las demandas de la tarea. Estudios previos han señalado la importancia de considerar tanto diferencias individuales a nivel cognitivo como de personalidad del trabajador, a la hora de seleccionarlo para un determinado puesto de trabajo que, a su vez, demanda ciertas habilidades. En el contexto de países en desarrollo, son escasas las investigaciones dirigidas a estudiar el ajuste entre el perfil del trabajador y las demandas de las tareas en puestos específicos de trabajo. Además, muchos de los estudios siguen una metodología univariada, considerando sólo uno o unos pocos factores individualmente en su impacto sobre el desempeño laboral.
La presente investigación está conformada por cuatro estudios: los primeros dos estudios presentan adaptaciones de dos escalas (autoeficacia en el trabajo y desempeño laboral). El tercer y cuarto estudio analizan las interrelaciones entre los procesos cognitivos, personalidad, autoeficacia y las demandas del puesto sobre el desempeño en dos puestos de trabajo: docentes y administrativos. Se utilizaron muestras diferentes para cada estudio; el tipo de muestreo fue no probabilístico e intencional en adultos de ambos sexos, trabajadores de empresas públicas y privadas. Como instrumentos se usaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el test de redes atencionales (ANT), el Span de Operación Automatizado (AOSPAN), el inventario de personalidad NEO-FFI, una escala de autoeficacia en el trabajo y medidas de desempeño laboral.
Los estudios I y II indicaron que ambos instrumentos poseen buenas propiedades psicométricas y son adecuados para ser utilizados en población hispanoparlante. En el estudio III se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los procesos cognitivos, personalidad y autoeficacia entre los docentes y administrativos. Por otro lado, se hallaron efectos de interacción significativos entre niveles de procesos cognitivos y autoeficacia, y de igual manera entre procesos cognitivos y rasgos de personalidad. En general, independientemente del nivel cognitivo (memoria de trabajo y redes atencionales), aquellos con alta autoeficacia y niveles más altos de apertura a la experiencia, responsabilidad, agradabilidad, extroversión y niveles bajos de neuroticismo, se perciben y son evaluados (por el supervisor) con un mejor desempeño laboral. A excepción de dos hallazgos distintos de este patrón, en el caso del personal administrativo la interacción es significativa solo si los tiempos de reacción atencionales son rápidos (alto nivel) y tienen alta autoeficacia (tarea y social), teniendo estos empleados mejor desempeño. En el caso de los docentes, se encontró que los empleados que tienen alta atención ejecutiva y alta autoeficacia o rasgo de extroversión son menos exitosos en el desempeño reportado por el supervisor. Además, los distintos modelos que incluyen variables cognitivas, rasgos de personalidad y autoeficacia en el trabajo predicen hasta un 50% del desempeño laboral. Finalmente, en el estudio IV se encontró que el 90% de aquellos trabajadores con alto desempeño específico en el trabajo tienen un adecuado ajuste o sobreajuste en el nivel de orientación atencional. Estos hallazgos son discutidos en base a la teoría y estudios previos.
Los resultados de los estudios aquí presentados contribuyen teóricamente con modelos explicativos integrales y básicos del desempeño en el trabajo, aportando conocimiento sobre las interrelaciones entre variables cognitivas, de personalidad, motivacionales y desempeño en el trabajo. En cuanto al aporte práctico, el tener en cuenta las diferencias individuales en los procesos de selección, tendrá repercusiones positivas en las organizaciones, como, por ejemplo, aplicadas a la predicción del desempeño. También se plantean las limitaciones de este trabajo y se proponen futuras preguntas y líneas de investigación.Abstract: The future of work is as fascinating as it is disturbing, due it plays a central role in our lives and in our social identity. In organizations, the purpose is to match candidates with specific job positions, a better job performance is expected the better the fit of these individual characteristics to the demands of the task. Previous studies have shown the importance of considering both individual differences at the cognitive and personality level of the worker, when selecting them for a certain job that, in turn, demands certain skills. In the context of developing countries, there are few studies aimed at studying the fit between the worker's profile and the demands of the tasks in specific jobs. Furthermore, many of the studies follow a univariate methodology, considering only one or a few factors individually in their impact on job performance.
The present investigation is made up of four different studies: the first two studies present adaptations of two scales (self-efficacy at work and job performance). The third and fourth studies analyze the interrelationships between cognitive processes, personality, self-efficacy, and job demands on job performance. Different samples were used for each study, the type of sampling was non-probabilistic and intentional in adults of both gender, workers in public and private companies. The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire, the attention network test - ANT, the Automated Operation Span - AOSPAN, the NEO-FFI personality inventory, a self-efficacy scale at work and job performance measures.
Studies I and II indicated that both instruments have good psychometric properties and are suitable for use in the Spanish-speaking population. In study III significant differences were found in cognitive processes, personality and self-efficacy between teachers and administrators. On the other hand, significant interaction effects were found between levels of cognitive processes and self-efficacy, and in the same way
between cognitive processes and personality traits. In general, regardless of the cognitive level (working memory and attentional networks), those with high self-efficacy and higher levels of openness to experience, responsibility, agreeableness, extraversion, and low levels of neuroticism, are perceived and evaluated (by the supervisor) with better job performance. Except for two different findings of this pattern, in the case of administrative personnel, the interaction is significant only if the attentional reaction times are fast (high level) and have high self-efficacy (task and social), these employees having better performance. In the case of teachers, it was found that employees who have high executive attention and high self-efficacy or extroversion trait, have worse performance reported by the supervisor. In addition, the different models that include cognitive variables, personality traits and self-efficacy at work predict up to 50% of job performance. Finally, in study IV it was found that 90% of those workers with high specific performance at work have fit or overfit in the level of orientation. These findings are discussed based on theory and previous studies.
These results theoretically contribute to comprehensive and basic explanatory models of job performance, providing knowledge about the interrelationships between cognitive, personality, motivational and job performance variables. Regarding the practical contribution, considering individual differences in the selection processes will have positive repercussions on organizations, as for example, applied to the prediction of performance. The limitations of this work are also raised, and future questions and lines of research are proposed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
