356 research outputs found
New physics contributions to moments of inclusive b → c semileptonic decays
No full textInclusive semileptonic B → decays, where ℓ = μ, e, are by now standard candles in the determination of the CKM element |V|. These determinations rely on the heavy-quark expansion and use moments of decay spectra to extract the non-perturbative parameters directly from data under the standard model assumption.At the same time, new physics could influence the moments of the inclusive decay. In this paper, we compute power-corrections and next-to-leading order corrections in the strong coupling constant using the full basis of dimension-six new physics operators for the inclusive B → decay. We provide predictions for lepton energy, hadronic and leptonic invariant mass moments, and perform a phenomenological study to show the possible impact of new physics. Our results could be used to perform a global fit including new physics contributions.Inclusive semileptonic decays, where , are by now standard candles in the determination of the CKM element . These determinations rely on the heavy-quark expansion and use moments of decay spectra to extract the non-perturbative parameters directly from data under the standard model assumption. At the same time, new physics could influence the moments of the inclusive decay. In this paper, we compute power-corrections and next-to-leading order corrections in the strong coupling constant using the full basis of dimension-six new physics operators for the inclusive decay. We provide predictions for lepton energy, hadronic and leptonic invariant mass moments, and perform a phenomenological study to show the possible impact of new physics. Our results could be used to perform a global fit including new physics contributions
Ecriture au feminin par procuration : Pierre de patience d'Atiq Rahimi
No full textThe author proposes a feminist interpretation of Pierre de patience, a novel by the afghan francophone writer Atiq Rahimi. He sees it as a francophone text come from elsewhere, as world literature, but also as a message and hope for our time and for gender equality
THE LURE OF THE IMAGE KEBOHONGAN PADA NARASI PEREMPUAN DALAM SYNGUE SABOUR PIERRE DE PATIENCE KARYA ATIQ RAHIMI
No full textThis study aims to determine the position of the author in women narration. With Rahimi’s background as a feminist, he said that with his novel he voiced the voices of Afghan women. Rahimi offered a strong female figure in the middle of the patriarchal shackles who is able to fight the system. The problem of this study is Rahimi’s ambiguity in narrating women. To determine the position of the author, the research uses the concept of the lure of the image belongs to Lidia Curti. The lure of the image is an offer provided by the author to give positions to women that are in fact not provided by them. Based on the research conducted, the results show that Rahimi keeps women as objects in a patriarchal world. In this case he is not able to pull the women out of the patriarchal zone. The space given to women by Rahimi reinforces male power. What Rahimi written in this novel is the lure of the image according to Curti’s concept which explains it as an image of women given by author or known as female gaze
Smith Professor Hillel Y. Levin offers his thoughts on the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision on U.S. v. Rahimi
No full textSmith Professor Hillel Y. Levin offers his thoughts on the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision on U.S. v. Rahimi:
What did the Supreme Court do in Rahimi?
As expected, the Court reversed the Fifth Circuit and held that when an individual has been found by a court to pose a credible threat to the physical safety of another, that individual may be temporarily disarmed consistent with the Second Amendment. The decision was 8-1, with only Justice Thomas dissenting.
On what basis did the Supreme Court decide the case?
The Court held that when looking for historical analogues of modern-day restrictions on firearms, it is not necessary to find a perfectly equivalent regulation from the Founding or post-Civil War eras. In the words of Chief Justice Roberts, the author of the majority opinion, the Second Amendment permits more than just those regulations identical to ones that could be found in 1791. It is sufficient that there be sufficient historical analogues that impose similar burdens or restrictions on the right to bear arms for similar reasons. Here, the Court concluded that the country has a tradition of disarming individuals who pose a clear threat of physical violence to another, even if not quite in the same manner as the law that was applied to Rahimi.
Does this clarify Bruen? How will it impact other cases?
This was a fairly narrow opinion. The Court kept the Bruen regime intact and gave little guidance to lower courts in applying it to other kinds of regulations. At most, the Court clarified that historical analogues need not be perfect in order to justify a modern restriction. However, lower courts will continue to struggle to determine just how similar a modern restriction must be to the historical analogue.
University of Georgia School of Law Smith Professor Hillel Y. Levin is available for further commentary at [email protected]
Smith Professor Hillel Y. Levin offers his thoughts on the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision on U.S. v. Rahimi
No full textSmith Professor Hillel Y. Levin offers his thoughts on the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision on U.S. v. Rahimi:
What did the Supreme Court do in Rahimi?
As expected, the Court reversed the Fifth Circuit and held that when an individual has been found by a court to pose a credible threat to the physical safety of another, that individual may be temporarily disarmed consistent with the Second Amendment. The decision was 8-1, with only Justice Thomas dissenting.
On what basis did the Supreme Court decide the case?
The Court held that when looking for historical analogues of modern-day restrictions on firearms, it is not necessary to find a perfectly equivalent regulation from the Founding or post-Civil War eras. In the words of Chief Justice Roberts, the author of the majority opinion, the Second Amendment permits more than just those regulations identical to ones that could be found in 1791. It is sufficient that there be sufficient historical analogues that impose similar burdens or restrictions on the right to bear arms for similar reasons. Here, the Court concluded that the country has a tradition of disarming individuals who pose a clear threat of physical violence to another, even if not quite in the same manner as the law that was applied to Rahimi.
Does this clarify Bruen? How will it impact other cases?
This was a fairly narrow opinion. The Court kept the Bruen regime intact and gave little guidance to lower courts in applying it to other kinds of regulations. At most, the Court clarified that historical analogues need not be perfect in order to justify a modern restriction. However, lower courts will continue to struggle to determine just how similar a modern restriction must be to the historical analogue.
University of Georgia School of Law Smith Professor Hillel Y. Levin is available for further commentary at [email protected]
Domestic violence against women in Atiq Rahimi\u27s The Patience Stone
No full textDomestic violence against women is a common social ill that destroys thousands of women?s lives worldwide (Khan, 2000). However, the growth of this concern, particularly in developing countries such as Afghanistan, requires more scholarly attention not only because the lives of many Afghan women are affected by it, but also because it remains overlooked due to socio-cultural norms that consider discussions about it as taboo. Of late, however, there is a rising trend among members of the Afghan Diaspora in portraying domestic violence against their womenfolk back home through such artistic mediums as fiction (Parveen, 2015). Therefore, in this paper, we shall examine the manifestations of domestic violence against women in the Afghan context through a textual analysis of The Patience Stone by Atiq Rahimi, an author belonging to the Afghan Diaspora. Originally written in French, this breakthrough novella highlights the harsh reality of the misery suffered by many Afghan women on a regular basis, notably the various forms of domestic violence that they have to endure in the poverty-stricken, war-torn and staunchly patriarchal environment of their homeland. Through a feminist reading of The Patience Stone (2011), we shall examine Rahimi?s depictions of domestic violence against women in the novella as a highly engendered phenomenon resulting from gender inequality and a sexist hierarchy of power prevalent in Afghan society. Furthermore, this paper is outlined based on three main forms of domestic violence, namely physical, sexual and emotional abuse, which are depicted in The Patience Stone through the novella?s female characters, notably the main protagonist
Characterization of the passive layer on ferrite and austenite phases of super duplex stainless steel
No full textIn this study, we report on a combined microscopic, analytical and electrochemical characterization of the nanoscopic passive layer on a tungsten‑molybdenum-containing super duplex stainless steel. We used scanning transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy, scanning tunneling spectroscopy, and Mott–Schottky electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis to correlate the local chemical composition and electronic properties of passive layers on austenite and ferrite phases. The passive layer on the ferrite phase contains a higher amount of Mo, W, and Cr, which accommodates a higher nobility of ferrite and a higher local energy of the band gap compared to those on the austenite. The two aforementioned phases exhibit a different composition and semi-conductive properties of their passive layers leading to dissimilar local corrosion susceptibility. These findings are of pivotal importance in further studies of austenite and ferrite phase resolved corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steel demanding a dedicated alloying strategy.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.(OLD) MSE-6QN/Zandbergen La
Atiq Rahimi’s Exophonic Entanglements: Multilingual and Multimodal Poetics
No full textIn 2008, first-generation Afghan migrant novelist-artist Atiq Rahimi published his first translingual work in French, Syngué Sabour: Pierre de patience. This article interrogates his multilingual and multimodal aesthetics across his translingual oeuvre. In his exophonic novel Les Porteurs d’eau (2019), Rahimi valorizes a polyvocal and culturally diverse Central Asian history. The Prix Goncourt–awarded author introduces Afghanistan’s past and present beyond its intracultural challenges. The epitome of the Rahimi-esque aesthetic is the author’s publication L’Invité du miroir (2020), which acts as a revolt, a transnational dialectic crossroads where multilingual fiction meets classical Persian calligraphy and nonfiction to explore the human spirit
Auf der Suche nach neuer Physik in Bottom-Quark-Zerfällen
No full textIn recent years, small deviations between experimental measurements and predictions from the Standard Model (SM) have been observed in bottom-quark decays, which indicate that Lepton Flavour Universality (LFU) may be violated. These small deviations, the so-called b-anomalies, have been observed in the two decay channels b → cℓ ̄ν and b → sℓℓ. To ensure that the b-anomalies are not an underestimation of the systematic uncertainties, we aim in this thesis to improve the precision of flavour physics prediction while also providing insight on the tension between theory prediction and experimental measurement by incorporating New Physics (NP) effects and their impact on observables in the bottom-quark decay.
This dissertation is written in the form of a cumulative work based on our six articles, four of which have been published in international peer-reviewed journals and the remaining two are being prepared for publication. First, we investigate the background signals of the inclusive decay B → Xcℓ ̄ν that is relevant for the extraction of |Vcb|. In order to increase precision, we argue that removing the background signals from Monte-Carlo simulation data should be avoided because it introduces uncertainties. Instead, we can precisely compute the background signals using Heavy Quark Expansion (HQE).
In addition, we investigate the LFU symmetry of the SM in the semileptonic B → Xcℓ ̄ν decays. Ratios of branching fractions between decays are used to probe the LFU hypothesis, where our calculation of the LFU ratios for the SM takes into account the mass effects in the total decay rate. We provide updated results for the branching ratio of B → Xcτ ̄ν. If there is a difference between SM predictions and experimental data, this could indicate the presence of NP impacts.
We also investigate the possibility of NP effect in the inclusive semileptonic B → Xcℓ ̄ν decay. The calculations rely on the HQE and use non-perturbative parameters extracted from decay spectra. The extraction of HQE parameters is done assuming the SM, but we explore the idea that NP effects might be hidden in the HQE parameters. The primary goal is to lay the groundwork for a global fit analysis that includes the full basis of NP operators, allowing for the extraction of HQE parameters and consequently an updated result for |Vcb| with NP effects.
In the baryonic decay channel we investigate the possibility of the Lepton Flavour Violation (LFV) for the exclusive decay Λb → Λℓ−ℓ+ using a full basis of NP operators for the first time. We investigate the branching ratio and forward-backward symmetry of the decay quantitatively using both a model-independent and model-dependent approach. We emphasize that the baryonic decay constrains the NP Wilson coefficients differently from the mesonic decay, which has the potential to further constrain the allowed parameter space for NP models. We can also improve the constraint of the NP models by reducing the hadronic uncertainties caused by the ten independent local form factors of Λb → Λ. To improve the control of the uncertainties, we introduce a new parametrization for the local form factors in which the form factor parameters are bounded due to orthonormal polynomials that diagonalize the form factor contribution within their respective dispersive bounds. We show, using a Bayesian analysis of available lattice QCD data, that our model provides excellent control over systematic uncertainty when extrapolating to the region of large hadronic recoil.
As part of this thesis’s final project, we investigate the light-cone distribution amplitude (LCDA) of the B meson. We are particularly interested in three-particle LCDAs, which can be found in higher dimensional vacuum-to-meson matrix elements. These matrix elements can be parametrized in terms of two parameters. To estimate the parameters, we propose alternative diagonal QCD sum rules. The sum rules of our new approach have the advantage of being positive definite, which means that we expect the quark-hadron duality to be more accurate than the previous studied sum rules.In den letzten Jahren wurden kleine Abweichungen zwischen experimentellen Messungen und Vorhersagen des Standardmodells (SM) bei Bottom-Quark-Zerfällen beobachtet, was auf eine Verletzung der Lepton Flavour Universalität (LFU) hindeuten könnte. Diese Abweichungen, die sogenannten b-Anomalien, wurden in den beiden Zerfallskanälen b → cℓ ̄ν und b → sℓℓ beobachtet. Um sicherzustellen, dass die b-Anomalien nicht eine Unterschätzung der systematischen Unsicherheiten sind, zielen wir in dieser Arbeit darauf ab, die Genauigkeit der Vorhersagen der Flavour-Physik zu verbessern und gleichzeitig einen Einblick in die Spannung zwischen der theoretischen Vorhersage und der experimentellen Messung zu geben, indem wir die Effekte der Neuen Physik (NP) und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Observablen im Bottom-Quark-Zerfall ber ̈ucksichtigen.
Diese Dissertation ist in Form einer kumulativen Arbeit geschrieben, die auf unseren sechs Artikeln basiert, von denen vier in internationalen, von Experten begutachteten Zeitschriften veröffentlicht wurden und die restlichen zwei sind in Vorbereitung zur Veröffentlichung. Zunächst untersuchen wir die Hintergrundsignale des inklusiven Zerfalls B → Xcℓ ̄ν, der für die Extraktion von |Vcb| relevant ist. Um die Genauigkeit zu erhöhen, argumentieren wir, dass die Subtraktion der Hintergrundsignale aus den Monte-Carlo-Simulationsdaten vermieden werden sollte, da dies Unsicherheiten mit sich bringt. Stattdessen können wir die Hintergrundsignale mithilfe der Heavy Quark Expansion (HQE) präzise berechnen.
Darüber hinaus untersuchen wir die LFU-Symmetrie des SM in den semileptonischen B → Xcℓ ̄ν Zerfällen. Unsere Berechnung der LFU-Verhältnisse für das SM berücksichtigt die Masseneffekte in der Gesamtzerfallsrate. Wir liefern aktualisierte Ergebnisse für das Verzweigungsverhältnis von B → Xcτ ̄ν. Die Verzweigungsverhältnisse zwischen den Zerfällen werden verwendet, um die LFU-Hypothese zu überprüfen. Wenn es einen Unterschied zwischen den SM-Vorhersagen und den experimentellen Daten gibt, könnte dies auf das Vorhandensein von Auswirkungen der Neuen Physik hinweisen.
Wir untersuchen auch die Möglichkeit eines NP-Effekts im inklusiven semileptonischen B → Xcℓ ̄ν Zerfall. Die Berechnungen beruhen auf der HQE und verwenden nicht-perturbative Parameter, die aus Zerfallsspektren extrahiert werden. Die Extraktion der HQE-Parameter erfolgt unter der Annahme des SM, aber wir untersuchen die Idee, dass NP-Effekte in den HQE-Parametern versteckt sein könnten. Das primäre Ziel ist es, den Grundstein für eine globale Fit-Analyse zu legen, die die gesamte Basis der NP-Operatoren einschließt und die Extraktion von HQE-Parametern und folglich ein aktualisiertes Ergebnis für |Vcb| mit NP-Effekten ermöglicht.
Im baryonischen Zerfallskanal untersuchen wir erstmals die Möglichkeit der Lepton Flavour Violation (LFV) für den exklusiven Zerfall Λb → Λℓ−ℓ+ unter Verwendung einer vollständigen Basis von NP-Operatoren. Wir untersuchen das Verzweigungsverhältnis und die Vorwärts-Rückwärts-Symmetrie des Zerfalls quantitativ sowohl mit einem modellunabhängigen als auch mit einem modellabhängigen Ansatz. Wir betonen, dass der baryonische Zerfall die NP-Wilson-Koeffizienten anders einschränkt als der mesonische Zerfall, was das Potenzial hat, den zulässigen Parameterraum für NP-Modelle weiter einzuschränken. Wir können auch die Einschränkung der NP-Modelle verbessern, indem wir die hadronischen Unsicherheiten reduzieren, die durch die zehn unabhängigen lokalen Formfaktoren von Λb → Λ verursacht werden. Um die Kontrolle der Unsicherheiten zu verbessern, führen wir eine neue Parametrisierung für die lokalen Formfaktoren ein, bei der die Formfaktorparameter aufgrund der Verwendung von orthonormalen Polynomen begrenzt sind, die den Formfaktorbeitrag innerhalb ihrer jeweiligen dispersiven Grenzen diagonalisieren. Anhand einer Bayes’schen Analyse verfügbarer Gitter-QCD-Daten zeigen wir, dass unser Modell eine ausgezeichnete Kontrolle über die systematische Unsicherheit bei der Extrapolation in den Bereich des großen hadronischen Rückstoßes bietet.
Im Rahmen des Abschlussprojekts dieser Arbeit untersuchen wir die Lichtkegelverteilungsamplitude (LCDA) des B-Mesons. Wir interessieren uns besonders für die LCDAs von drei Teilchen, die in höherdimensionalen Vakuum-Meson-Matrixelementen gefunden werden können. Diese Matrixelemente können mit zwei Parametern parametrisiert werden. Um die Parameter abzuschätzen, schlagen wir alternative diagonale QCD-Summenregeln vor. Die Summenregeln unseres neuen Ansatzes haben den Vorteil, dass sie positiv definit sind, was bedeutet, dass wir erwarten, dass die Quark-Hadron-Dualität genauer ist als die bisher untersuchten Summenregeln
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