169 research outputs found
A Systematic Literature Review on the Implementation and Challenges of Zero Trust Architecture Across Domains
No full textThe Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) model has emerged as a foundational cybersecurity
paradigm that eliminates implicit trust and enforces continuous verification across users, de-
vices, and networks. This study presents a systematic literature review of 74 peer-reviewed
articles published between 2016 and 2025, spanning domains such as cloud computing
(24 studies), Internet of Things (11), healthcare (7), enterprise and remote work systems (6),
industrial and supply chain networks (5), mobile networks (5), artificial intelligence and
machine learning (5), blockchain (4), big data and edge computing (3), and other emerging
contexts (4). The analysis shows that authentication, authorization, and access control
are the most consistently implemented ZTA components, whereas auditing, orchestration,
and environmental perception remain underexplored. Across domains, the main chal-
lenges include scalability limitations, insufficient lightweight cryptographic solutions for
resource-constrained systems, weak orchestration mechanisms, and limited alignment with
regulatory frameworks such as GDPR and HIPAA. Cross-domain comparisons reveal that
cloud and enterprise systems demonstrate relatively mature implementations, while IoT,
blockchain, and big data deployments face persistent performance and compliance barriers.
Overall, the findings highlight both the progress and the gaps in ZTA adoption, under-
scoring the need for lightweight cryptography, context-aware trust engines, automated
orchestration, and regulatory integration. This review provides a roadmap for advancing
ZTA research and practice, offering implications for researchers, industry practitioners, and
policymakers seeking to enhance cybersecurity resilience
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Tehkiiki ṭɪɪm ha gããvaṇi loɣa
No full textThis is a photograph of community members with the Mankiyali research team in Danna, Pakistan. In this photograph are (left to right): Suleman, Khalil ur Rehman, Gohar-ur Rehman, Sadaf Munshi, Eric Englert, Aurangzeb, Jonathan Charles Paramore, Mushtaq, Alamzeb and Abdul Haq
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Soltaanɪṇ zindiiṇa kisa
No full textIn this monologue Sultan Khan (a 54-year old male driver) recollects his childhood memories when he was studying in class 8th. He narrates how he once fled from home to Sargodha and then to Lahore with a friend, and about the subsequent events. The other speakers in this recording are Muhammad Rafiq (a 28-year old male) and Muhammad Mushtaq (a 25-year old male)
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Soltaanɪṇ zindiiṇa kisa
No full textIn this monologue Sultan Khan (a 54-year old male driver) recollects his childhood memories when he was studying in class 8th. He narrates how he once fled from home to Sargodha and then to Lahore with a friend, and about the subsequent events. The other speakers in this recording are Muhammad Rafiq (a 28-year old male) and Muhammad Mushtaq (a 25-year old male)
Documenting the Burushaski language: Issues in data collection, transmission, preservation, and revitalization
No full textAs globalization increases so does the loss of world languages. Two most common reasons for language endangerment are: (1) there are few living native speakers, and (2) many children do not learn the language of their parents because other languages are considered more helpful or powerful. While the first scenario leads to rapid extinction, the second scenario, quite common in South Asia and the developing world, leads to slow language attrition and eventual death. The two types of endangered languages are under pressure to differing degrees and in different ways in relation to language maintenance. Many linguists across the world are seeking to document and preserve the so-called “endangered” languages. Taking advantage of the latest state-of-the-art technologies, documentary linguists are making efforts towards documenting and recording oral and written linguistic traditions, translating and annotating documentation materials, compiling grammatical descriptions and dictionaries, and preparing pedagogical materials for language teaching/learning for the ethnic population which claims ownership of the language. The aim of this paper is to discuss the various steps, methods, and challenges in the documentation and revitalization of Burushaski – a linguistic isolate spoken by about 90,000 people in Gilgit, Pakistan (Ethnologue 2005), and (by approximately 300 speakers) in Srinagar, India (first author 2006). Burushaski is primarily orally-preserved and literacy in the native language is practically zero. Its survival is greatly threatened by multilingualism and language shift. Documentation efforts have been conducted by western scholars, but because their publications are mostly in foreign languages (Berger 1974-1998, Tiffou 1999), they are inaccessible to Burushos who are (mainly) literate in Urdu – the prestigious language. Recently, some Pakistani scholars have produced pedagogical materials for the promotion of Burushaski but, because of limited resources and lack of training, such efforts are yet to produce substantial results. Awaiting official standardization, local rivalries have also resulted in a number of competing writing systems. Burushaski is spoken in a socio-culturally conservative and a politically volatile region and documentation efforts by non-natives encounter many obstacles. Presenting a progress report of an ongoing project (starting 2003), this paper examines the various issues in documenting Burushaski, such as: initial encounters in encouraging community participation; social, cultural, political, and financial obstacles in data collection; effective use of information technologies without disrupting community traditions; and different challenges in revitalization efforts. To meet the various project goals, we propose steps in developing an integrated framework sensitive to the issues unique to this particular situation
The Case of Cited and Uncited Publications in the field of Reference Services: A Study
Get PDFThe endeavor of the present study is to identify and compare the characteristics of cited and uncited publications in the field of reference services. The phrase ‘reference service’ was searched in the document search tab of Scopus database and found 2612 results, which were limited to social science subject area and hence got 2021 results. The retrieved data was then restricted to journal source type and found 1900 results out of 2021. At last, the data was confined to library and information science journals in source titles and retrieved the actual data for the study i.e., 1861 number of articles. The data was then downloaded and finally analyzed on the basis of the year of publication, authors, subject areas, document type, source titles, affiliation, countries, funding agencies and keywords. It was revealed that most of the documents in the field of Reference services are cited and majority of the cited articles are published in the year 2001 whereas two recent consecutive years i.e., 2018 and 2017 has produced mostly uncited publications. Luo, L., from San Jose State University, U.S. was found as the most contributing author in cited publications while Berring, R.C., from University of California, U.S., Duckett, B., from Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals, U.S., Needleman, M. from Association for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T), U.S. are leading the list of contributing authors in uncited publications. The cited publications included more number of subject fields in comparison to uncited publications. Despite the differences, some similarities were found in cited and uncited publications such as the most of them are in the form of articles and they are searchable by “Reference Service” keyword. Majority of cited and uncited publications are from USA. Subsequent similarities revealed that most of the cited as well as uncited documents are non-access type, published in Reference Librarian and apart from their main subject i.e. social sciences they belong to computer science subject area
بلوچستان کا مسئلہ اور اردو افسانہ
No full textThe Short Stories written in Blochistan attached with the Local land. Local problems are stronglypresented in modern ways in the stories
Art as the Commentary of Life
Get PDFLiterature has always been a mighty weapon in bringing reality to surface. It is the reflection of mirror in the form of print that actually ushers to forefront the reality of life. The main aim of art is to revolutionize the world in general and society in particular. “Art for the Sake of Life” generally refers to the notion that art makes us understand the conduct of everyday life. Although art encompasses literature yet it is more than that because it deals with every aspect of our life. It is the way to justify the grim realities of life while beautifying them. As a famous writer James Baldwin accords that “one can’t write a line without a message”. Art is a way of expressing oneself. Many people use it to express boundless emotions and thoughts, from turbulence to euphoria to bewilderment that everyone has within the heart, mind and soul. The authors have discovered an escape through art to seek meaning via truth, not just for the sake of art, but for the sake of life. Writers tweak the image of specific challenges so that a reader can see them through the same lens. George Bernard Shaw also avows that “For art’s sake alone I would not face the toil of writing a single sentence”. So, an artist should be moralist encumbered with a reforming zeal. Thus “Art for the sake of life” is a maxim that should be applied to all art; art with style, sophistication, pathos, and psychological resonance. It is not thus for the art’s sake rather it is for the life’s sake or social sake. Art is a medicine or elixir of pain which makes life bearable. The main aim of this paper is to showcase how art in general as well as in particular is only for life’s sake and not for art’s sake. Art thus has a cosmic phenomenon with a universal impact
سعادت حسن منٹو کے افسانوں میں توہم پرستی اور ضعیف الاعتقادی کی عکاسی
No full textSadat Hassan Manto was born in Komrilala, Ludhiyana, Punjab on 11th May 1916. His forefathers were Kashmiri Pandits. He wrote fiction and is the most reknowned short story writer of Urdu. Mato's writings reflect superstitions and old beliefs. He believes that our society is a victim of superstitions and wrong beliefs. He is of the view that our society is facing social decline and most of the people do wrong deeds to please Muslim monks. This article represents a critical analysis of Manto's fiction in the context mentioned above
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