1,721,021 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Pharmacoeconomy of drugs used in the treatment of actinic keratoses
No full textActinic keratosis (AK) represents an emerging issue in the area of skin diseases which undergo high risk for developing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Recently, evidence has been accumulated that 3% diclofenac sodium and ingenol mubetate may efficiently counteract the development of progressive AK even if the pharmacoeconomic impact of such a treatment remains poorly defined. With the objective of assessing the efficacy of 3% diclofenac sodium versus ingenol mebutate, a comparative cost-efficacy analysis was performed between both pharmacological treatments. In the present analysis, data of efficacy of clinical studies were combined with information on the quality of life associated with AK lesions based on available literature data. Furthermore, the cost associated with the management of these lesions in Italy has been taken into account. To this purpose, we carried out a literature survey on the clinical and economic data among clinical reports available in Italy based on the assessment of related expenditure of public resources and their relationship with the subsequent health benefits
Telomere and telomerase modulation by bergamot polyphenolic fraction in experimental photoageing in human keratinocytes
No full textPhotoageing represents the addition of extrinsic chronic ultraviolet radiation-induced damage on intrinsic ageing and accounts for most age-associated changes in skin appearance. In this study, we evaluated the effect of 38% BPF, a highly concentrated extract of the bergamot fruit (Citrus bergamia) on UVB-induced photoageing by examining inflammatory cytokine expression, telomere length/telomerase alterations and cellular viability in human immortalized HaCaT keratinocytes. Our results suggest that 38% BPF protects HaCaT cells against UVB-induced oxidative stress and markers of photoageing in a dose-dependent manner and could be a useful supplement in skin care products. Together with antioxidant properties, BPF, a highly concentrated extract of the bergamot fruit, appears to modulate basic cellular signal transduction pathways leading to anti-proliferative, anti-aging and immune modulating response
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages
No full textBackground: Monocytes/Macrophages (M/M) play a pivotal role as a source of virus during the
whole course of HIV-1 infection. Enhanced oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of HIV-
1 infection. HIV-1 regulatory proteins induce a reduction of the expression and the activity of
MnSOD, the mitochondrial isoform leading to a sustained generation of superoxide anions and
peroxynitrite that represent important mediators of HIV-1 replication in M/M. MnTBAP
(Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphrin chloride), a synthetic peroxynitrite decomposition
catalyst, reduced oxidative stress subsequent to peroxynitrite generation.
Results: Virus production was assessed by p24 ELISA, western blot, and electron microscopy
during treatment with MnTBAP. MnTBAP treatment showed a reduction of HIV-1 replication in
both acutely and chronically infected M/M: 99% and 90% inhibition of p24 released in supernatants
compared to controls, respectively. Maturation of p55 and p24 was strongly inhibited by MnTBAP
in both acutely and chronically infected M/M. EC50 and EC90 are 3.7 (± 0.05) μM and 19.5 (± 0.5)
μM, in acutely infected M/M; 6.3 (± 0.003) μM and 30 (± 0.6) μM, in chronically infected M/M. In
acutely infected peripheral blood limphocytes (PBL), EC50 and EC90 are 7.4 (± 0.06) μM and of 21.3
(± 0.6) μM, respectively. Treatment of acutely-infected M/M with MnTBAP inhibited the elevated
levels of malonildialdehyde (MDA) together with the nitrotyrosine staining observed during HIV-1
replication. MnTBAP strongly reduced HIV-1 particles in infected M/M, as shown by electron
microscopy. Moreover, in presence of MnTBAP, HIV-1 infectivity was reduced of about 1 log
compared to control.
Conclusion: Results support the role of superoxide anions in HIV-1 replication in M/M and
suggest that MnTBAP may counteract HIV-1 replication in combination with other antiretroviral
treatments
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