1,720,969 research outputs found
The infant mortality evolution in Italy from 1951 to 1981: convergence or divergence? A first provincial analysis
No full textQuesto articolo osserva le divergenze spaziali di mortalità infantile in Italia, individuando le diseguaglianze e le loro persistenze a livello provinciale, regionale e macroregionale fra 1951 e 1981. Si osservano le principali dinamiche occorse in questi decenni e si leggono alcune preliminari indicazioni sulle disuguaglianze geografiche individuabili. La disuguaglianza geografica oltre a seguire, secondo le attese, il gradiente Nord-Sud, mostra anche altre direzioni sub-regionali. In tale senso viene proposta una osservazione basata su alcuni indici di dispersione e concentrazione (coefficiente di variazione, indice di Gini e indice di Theil) capaci di far emergere situazioni di divario sui quali sarà necessario proporre successivi approfondimenti. La persistenza di disparità geografiche suggerisce, oltre al persistere di divari socioeconomici, anche delle causalità dirette legate all’organizzazione del sistema sanitario.This article observes the spatial divergences of infant mortality in Italy, identifying inequalities and their persistence at the provincial, regional and macro-regional level between 1951 and 1981. The primary dynamics in these decades are observed, and some preliminary indications on identifiable geographic inequalities are provided. According to our expectations, Geographical inequality follows the North-South gradient and also shows other sub-regional directions. In this term, the analysis is based on some dispersion and concentration indices (coefficient of variation, Gini index and Theil index). They reveal some territorial divergences in infant mortality on which it will be necessary to propose further investigations. The persistence of geographical disparities suggests, in addition to the persistence of socio-economic gaps, other causes related to the organization of the health system
Il Luogo natio: la famiglia Bernardi nella comunità di Follina
No full textSono ricostruite tutte le informazioni disponibili su Jacopo Bernardi e la sua comunità di origine, Follina in provincia di Treviso. Si riportano dettagli sul contesto sociale, economico e relazionale (con elementi risultanti dalla social network analysis) della famiglia Bernardi nella comunità di Follina che aveva una peculiare vocazione industriale e laniera in un contesto agricolo, in particolare nel XIX secolo
The Place to Heal and the Place to Die. Patients and Causes of Death in Nineteenth-Century Venice
Full text linkWe used death records to highlight the main features of mid-nineteenth-century Venetian hospitals. At that time, the medicalisation of hospitals was well under way. The Civic Hospital, in particular, had up to 1,400 beds, a large medical staff and a rational structure. By contrasting hospital deaths with deaths occurring at home, we asked whether the patterns seen reflect the modernisation of the hospital system. On one hand, those admitted to hospital were mostly poor, elderly, immigrants, with little support at home, suggesting that social rather than medical conditions determined hospitalisation. On the other hand, there were differences in the causes of death, implying that the hospital pursued some therapeutic specialisation, which attracted also patients of better social standing. Notwithstanding the deep transformation that took place in the nineteenth century, the Venetian experience confirms the coexistence and interdependency of care and cure as permanent features of hospital history
Godparenthood and Social Networks in an Italian Rural Community: Nonantola
No full textThe rural town of Nonantola, near the city of Modena, is home to one of the few kinds of common lands surviving to this day in northern Italy: the partecipanza agraria. Since the Middle Ages, this institution, which acquired its current characteristics after centuries of transformation, has deeply influenced the way in which the people of Nonantola interacted among themselves and with their lands. Created as a common endowment for all the inhabitants of the town, the partecipanza caused social conflict due to uncertainties about the ownership of the rights to use the land and legitimate ways to exert these rights. At the end of the sixteenth century, institutional innovations were introduced to appease the conflicting parties and to clarify the rights and their transmission. These innovations, whilst making the rights of use of the commons inheritable, also established a risk of women losing them should they marry outside the group of rights-holders. As a result, there are reasons to expect that the institutional innovation modified not only the way in which the commons were managed, but also the local system of marriage alliances
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Between constraints and coercion: Marriage and social reproduction in Northern and Central Italy in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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