1,721,047 research outputs found
The Value of Human Life in Healthcare Law: Life versus Death in the Hands of the Judiciary
No full textThe medical exception and cosmetic surgery: Culpable doctors and harmful enhancement?
No full textWhether we are talking about ill-advised cosmetic surgery or essential life-saving surgery, consent alone is not sufficient to render such surgery lawful. 1 We know, however, that there is an obvious imperative to permit beneficial medical interventions, giving rise to a ‘medical exception’ to the criminal law. Thus, as Margaret Brazier and Sara Fovargue explain, 2 ‘proper medical treatment’ or ‘reasonable surgical interference’ can be performed without fear of prosecution. 3 For this medical exception to the criminal law to be applicable, there must be a public policy justification rooted in medicine. 4 In this chapter we examine how such public policy justifications relate to non-therapeutic cosmetic surgery. Cosmetic surgery initially developed as a therapeutic specialism in medicine, and in many instances it remains exactly that. We do not dispute the therapeutic importance of treating patients requiring surgery in order to address physical and/or psychological issues; however, a distinction can be made between therapeutic or plastic surgery, which is medically necessary, and non-therapeutic cosmetic surgery. 5 The former is available on the National Health Service (NHS), albeit that availability is variable and accessing such treatment may require patience, whereas the latter is purely a private sector option which is consumer driven, subject to evolving societal attitudes, and, as we highlight, has become a highly lucrative industry
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Locating lawful abortion on the spectrum of 'proper medical treatment'
No full textThis chapter examines the concept of proper medical treatment in relation to lawful abortion, particularly in light of the campaign to decriminalise abortion altogether. It sketches a spectrum of proper medical treatment, from the paradigmatically proper to the liminally proper, and considers abortion against this spectrum. Rejecting both the suggestion that lawful abortion is always paradigmatically proper treatment, and the claim that it can only ever be “liminally” proper at best, an account is developed in which the status of abortion depends upon a range of factors, including the grounds upon which it is performed and public interests considerations
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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