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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Changing strategies of persuasion in political rhetoric: a corpus-based critical analysis of UK government discourse 1972 to 2005.
No full textThis paper presents findings from an interdisciplinary doctoral thesis on the changing discourse of governance in UK education policy. Drawing on sociological accounts of the political economic context of the data, this longitudinal critical discourse study examined a corpus of education policy documents. The analysis investigated the textual representation and legitimation of the identities, roles and power relations involved in late capitalist modes of governing. The methodology combined corpus linguistic software tools with systemic functional analyses of transitivity, and Van Leeuwen�s models of social action (1995; 1996b) and legitimation (Van Leeuwen, 1996a; Van Leeuwen and Wodak, 1999). I illustrate the value of this combined method by discussing two key findings in relation to patterns of historical change in political language. Firstly, the study revealed substantial textual evidence for the increasing role of a personalised, inclusive style of political rhetoric. In particular, I discuss the use of the pronoun �we�. In his analysis of Thatcherite discourse, Fairclough (1989) distinguishes �exclusive� and �inclusive� senses of this pronoun, and points to its importance in political rhetoric. This study goes a step further by using Wordsmith tools to investigate its functional distribution throughout a historical corpus. The study found a dramatic surge in its textual prominence under New Labour, where its referential ambivalence is also systematically exploited to legitimate contentious policy claims. The second finding relates to the management of social action. The increasing significance of �managerialism� in contemporary forms of governance has been widely observed (Clarke and Newman, 1997; Newman, 2001). This can be understood in sociological terms in relation to the move towards more multi-layered forms of governance in the late capitalist state, which is partly a matter of devising new techniques for governing �at a distance� (Jessop, 1996). This paper presents original insights into how this operates at the level of language. Specifically, the analysis postulates a new sociosemantic category of �managed action� (encoding varying degrees of coerciveness) to capture this progressive trend in policy discourse. The paper concludes by discussing its rhetorically systematic use under New Labour, where it helps negotiate a distinctive arrangement of power relations between the government, the private sector, teachers and students
Fat-shaming: Change4Life’s anti-obesity ‘nudge’ campaign glosses over social inequalities
Get PDFThe Change4Life campaign draws on ‘nudge’ theory to encourage families to ‘make better choices’ about their diet and exercise. But, argues Jane Mulderrig, behavioural economics is a poor substitute for radical state intervention that would address the root causes of obesity – such as poverty, the availability of cheap junk food and inadequate public transport. Instead, Change4Life’s advertising subtly evokes northern, working-class families and plays on parental guilt using dubious science
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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