1,720,970 research outputs found
Replication Data for: "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human-nature relations in a remote nature-based tourism destination"
No full textThis dataset was used for the article "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human-nature relations in a remote nature-based tourism destination", published in PLOS ONE 2022. It contains information about 196.200 photos taken in Northern Norway that were uploaded to the online Flickr platform between 01-01-2000 and 31-03-2021. The photos were processed using Google's Cloud Vision algoritm. Each line in the dataset represents a photograph with a series of labels assigned by the algoritm, which describe the content of the photograph. Each line further includes ID numbers for the photo and the photographer, the date the photograph was taken, which area the photo was taken in and the photographers' origin (Norwegian or international).Paper abstract: Tourism and nature-based recreation has changed dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. Travel restrictions caused sharp declines in visitation numbers, particularly in remote areas, such as northern Norway. In addition, the pandemic may have altered human-nature relationships by changing visitor behaviour and preferences. We studied visitor numbers and behaviour in northern Norway, based on user-generated data, in the form of photographic material that was uploaded to the popular online platform Flickr. A total of 195.200 photographs, taken by 5.247 photographers were subjected to Google’s “Cloud Vision” automatic content analysis algorithm. The resulting collection of labels that were assigned to each photograph was analysed in structural topic models, using photography date (relative to the start of the pandemic measures in Norway) and reported or estimated photographers’ nationality as explanatory variables. Our results show that nature-based recreation relating to “mountains” and “winter” became more prevalent during the pandemic, amongst both domestic and international photographers. Shifts in preferences due to the pandemic outbreak strongly depended on nationality, with domestic visitors demonstrating a wide interest in topics while international visitors maintained their preference for nature-based experiences. Among those activities that suffered the most from decline in international tourism was northern lights and cruises as indicated by the topic models. On the other hand, images depicting mountains and flora and fauna increased their prevalence during the pandemic. Domestic visitors, on the other hand, spent more time in urban settings as a result of restrictions, which results in a higher prevalence of non-nature related images. Our results underscore the need to consider the dynamic nature of human-nature relationships. The contrast in flexibility to adapt to changing conditions and travel restrictions should be incorporated in collaborative efforts of municipalities and tour operators to develop sustainable local nature-based tourism products, particularly in remote areas
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Human impact on highly mobile cetaceans: the use of biotelemetry data to inform ocean management
Full text linkThe human presence in the worlds’ oceans is increasing, in response to the growing demand for marine resources. This expansion of human activities will increase pressure on marine ecosystems and demands a responsible ocean management, to ensure the sustainable use of marine resources. Highly mobile marine top predators, such as cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises) are exposed to a multitude of anthropogenic activities, as they frequent various habitats. This highlights the need to evaluate the cumulative impacts of multiple human activities on these species. However, studying these animals can be challenging, as they spend most of their time under water and travel over long distances, often in remote offshore regions. In this thesis, biotelemetry data is used to assess the influence of human activities on two marine top predators in the Norwegian and Barents Sea, humpback whales and killer whales. Humpback whales are seasonal migrants in the study area, primarily in the Barents Sea, and transit through the coastal regions of northern Norway. In contrast, killer whales reside in Norwegian waters throughout the year, often in coastal regions where the concentration of human pressure is high. This difference in life strategy is likely to influence how these species overlap and interact with human activities.
Biotelemetry is recognised as a valuable tool in the analysis of animal behaviour. To evaluate how this tool can be used to study human impact, 41 killer whales (Orcinus orca) and 30 humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) were tagged with Argos satellite devices between 2014 and 2019 in the Norwegian and Barents Sea. As both species are associated with winter herring aggregations in the fjords of northern Norway, most of the tags were deployed during the herring overwintering. In addition, some humpback whales were instrumented during the late summer in the Barents Sea, and some killer whales were instrumented during the spring off the coast of western Norway. Since Argos tags can only transmit data when they are above the surface, tag placement on the animal might influence the quality and the quantity of location estimates. To test the influence of tag placement, two tags were deployed at different heights on the dorsal fin of a single killer whale. The tag that was placed higher up the dorsal fin generated more and higher quality location estimates. This could influence the results and conclusions of biotelemetry studies, in terms of area usage and association with specific oceanographic or anthropogenic features. For example, we found that correlations to environmental characteristics can either be missed or falsely identified at a spatial resolution of less than a few kilometres. These results demonstrate that tag placement should be considered when interpreting biotelemetry data, in particular when comparing the movement of multiple individuals. Alternatively, increasing the spatial resolution of the analysis can reduce the influence of tag placements on the interpretation of biotelemetry studies.
We studied how one anthropogenic activity influences the movement of a highly mobile marine predator. To test if killer whales are attracted to fishing vessels, we used biotelemetry data from 25 killer whales from two consecutive years. Killer whales may be drawn to fishing activity, for example because of escaped or discarded fish, or by picking fish from the nets. Here we selected a spatial scale that would be largely impervious to variation in tag performance, based on the outcome of the first part of this thesis. A hidden Markov model indicated that most of the killer whales were attracted to fishing activity. Almost 80% of the locations from some individuals were identified as “attracted to fishing activity” by the model. Our model showed that whales were more likely to be attracted when they were within 20 km of the nearest fishing activity. This could explain why attraction occurred primarily in the fjords. Herring leaves the fjord at the end of the winter to migrate to their spawning grounds along the Norwegian coast. Although both killer whales and fishers appeared to follow the herring, perhaps the killer whales were often too far from fishing vessels to react.
In the final step of this thesis, all the data were combined, in order to develop and test a new framework for dynamic cumulative impact assessment for highly migratory top predators. This framework was tested on humpback and killer whales in the Norwegian and Barents Sea, by evaluating all the major human activities and by calculating a cumulative impact index. We found that areas of high impact were strongly influenced by seasonal variations in the distribution of cetaceans. In this case study, we identified an area of high impact in the northern Barents Sea during the summer. Here, foraging humpback whales overlapped with shipping and fishing activities. During the autumn, winter and spring, high impact areas were identified primarily along the coast of northern Norway. Between winter and spring, a clear southwards shift can be recognised in the high impact area, which appears to coincide with the migration of Norwegian Spring Spawning herring (Clupea harengus). The concentration of human activities in this area is generally higher than in the Barents Sea, which demonstrates that humpback whales are exposed to various intensities of anthropogenic activities, while killer whales are exposed to high intensities throughout the year. Although the distribution of human activities also varies throughout the year, in this study, animal distribution appeared to be the main factor influencing the areas of high impact. With this study, we have demonstrated that this framework can be used to identify areas of high cumulative impact and that seasonal variation in animal distribution should be considered in cumulative impact assessments for highly mobile top predators. Biotelemetry data provides a powerful input for a dynamic cumulative impact assessment, in particular if animal data can be collected throughout the year.
Cumulative impact assessments require knowledge on detailed animal responses to individual anthropogenic activities. Unfortunately, this knowledge is often lacking, which indicates the need for biotelemetry studies that focus on the interaction between a species and a human activity. The proposed framework for dynamic cumulative impact assessments is suitable to evaluate how multiple anthropogenic activities affect highly mobile marine top predators along their migration routes. This approach can identify dynamic areas of high cumulative overlap that may require conservation priority. Future studies can build on this framework to develop dynamic cumulative impact assessments for other species or ecosystems. Especially considering climatic and anthropogenic changes in the Arctic in the near future, there is a strong need for evaluation on human impacts on species, ecosystems and habitats, including highly mobile marine predators
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
