1,721,091 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Preliminary Design of Propylene from Butadiene and Ethylene Using Metathesis Reaction with a Capacity of 100,000 Ton/Year
No full textPropylene is a chemical compound that is widely used in the chemical industry and human life. Propylene is widely used in the manufacture of intermediates. The most widely known derivatives of propylene are polypropylene, acrylonitrile, propylene oxide, cumene/phenol, oxo alcohols, acrylic acid, isopropyl alcohol, and oligomers. The pre-design of the Propylene manufacturing plant is designed with a production capacity of 100,000 Tons/Year using Raffinate-1 and Ethylene as raw materials. In this factory design, there are four main processes, namely raw material preparation, reaction process, product separation process, and by-product processing. The products produced in this factory design are Ethylene, propylene, n-butane and 2-butane. The company in this pre-design is planned to be a Limited Liability Company (PT) using a line and staff organizational structure. The number of workers in this factory is 243 people. The factory location is planned in Cikoneng, Anyar District, Indonesia with a factory area of 12,840 m2. To establish and operate the factory requires investment capital of IDR 5,698,204,472,008 and production costs of IDR 2,984,268,830,196. Based on the feasibility analysis, this factory has a BEP of 36.46%, ROI of 20.66%, POT of 2.53 years, RON of 34% and IRR of 17.83%. From the results of the economic analysis, it can be concluded that the design of a factory for making Propylene from Butadiene and Ethylene using this metathesis reaction is feasible to be established.508 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Preliminary Design for the Production of Disproportionated Resin from Merkusii Pine Resin Using Dehydrogenation Reaction with Palladium Carbon Catalyst Capacity 2,500 Tons/Year
No full textDisproportionated Rosin (DPR) is rosin that undergoes a catalytic reaction to remove conjugated double bonds, thus enhancing its stability. The primary goal of this factory design is to apply chemical engineering principles and provide initial information for designing a Disproportionated Rosin production plant. This pre-design for a Disproportionated Rosin plant utilizes Pinus merkusii gum through a dehydrogenation reaction with a palladium-carbon catalyst, with a production capacity of 2,500 tons per year. The main process in the pre-design consists of five stages: raw material preparation, raw material separation, reaction formation, product separation and purification, and raw material recycling. The plant is planned to be established in the Kendal Special Economic Zone, Kendal Regency, Central Java, covering an area of 6,900 m². A total of 195 workers will be required, and the business entity will be a Limited Liability Company (PT) managed by a director with a line-and-staff organizational structure. The required investment capital for the establishment and operation of the factory is IDR 298,872,825,337, with production costs amounting to IDR 254,749,017,737. Based on the feasibility analysis, the factory has a break-even point (BEP) of 40.78%, a return on investment (ROI) of 22.57%, a payback period (POT) of 4 years and 5 months, a return on net worth (RON) of 37.61%, and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 25.85%. From the economic analysis, it can be concluded that the pre-design for the Disproportionated Rosin plant from Pinus merkusii gum through the dehydrogenation reaction with a palladium-carbon catalyst is feasible for establishment.564 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Preliminary Design of Furfuryl Alcohol Plant from Furfural and Hydrogen with Catalytic Hydrogenation Process and Purification by Vacuum Distillation with Capacity of 3,000 Tons/Year
No full textThis preliminary design of a furfuryl alcohol production plant from furfural and hydrogen via the Catalytic Hydrogenation process has a production capacity of 3,000 tons per year, operating for 330 days annually. The main processes in this plant design consist of three stages: raw material preparation, reaction, and product purification. The reaction stage utilizes a fixed bed multitube reactor operating at 135°C and 1.1 atm pressure with copper chromite as the catalyst. The furfural required to achieve the production capacity of 3,000 tons of furfuryl alcohol per year is 374.4890 kg/hour. The furfuryl alcohol production plant using Catalytic Hydrogenation is planned to be established in Cilegon, Banten, with a total factory area of 17,648.4 m². The planned corporate form is a Limited Liability Company (PT) with a line and staff organizational structure and a total workforce of 180 employees. The economic analysis of this plant design includes a Capital Investment (CI) of Rp 256,378,536,642, Total Cost of Rp 142,749,436,860, Sales Revenue of Rp 242,645,850,000, Net Profit of Rp 61,992,035,114, Profit Margin (PM) of 39.11%, Break Even Point (BEP) of 43.07%, Return on Investment (ROI) of 24.18%, Return on Network (RON) of 40.68%, Pay Out Time (POT) of 4 years and 1 month, and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 25.75%. Based on the economic analysis results, it can be concluded that establishing a furfuryl alcohol production plant from furfural using the Catalytic Hydrogenation process with a production capacity of 3,000 tons/year is feasible.495 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Pre-Design of Factory for Making Sodium Tripolyphosphate (Na5P3O10) from Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) and Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) with Classic Process Capacity 74,700 Tons/Year
No full textSodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) is a product derived from phosphate
which has the molecular formula Na5P3O10 and is generally used as a builder in
detergents, dishwashing soap, and handwashing soap.
The pre-designed factory for making STPP from sodium carbonate and
phosphoric acid is planned to have a capacity of 74,700 tons/year and operate for
330 days a year. The reaction that occurs begins with a neutralization reaction in a
neutralization reactor which produces a mixture of orthophosphate. Then in the
dehydration reactor (spray dryer) a reaction occurs between the orthophosphate
mixture to produce a solid mixture of pyrophosphate. The final reaction in the rotary
kiln, the pyrophosphate mixture is condensed by calcination to obtain the final
product in the form of STPP.
The factory location is planned in Kesambenwetan Village, Driyorejo
District, Gresik Regency, East Java. The land area required is 31,748 m2 with a
workforce of 300 people.
The results of the economic analysis of this STPP factory are as follows:
Capital Invesment : Rp. 3.041.884.912.346,-
Production Cost : Rp. 2.086.203.965.482,-
Total Sales : Rp. 2.689.199.948.160,-
Net Profit : Rp. 420.041.701.936,-
Profit Margin (PM) : 22,311 %
Break Even Point (BEP) : 36,190 %
Return on Investment (ROI) : 13,809 %
Pay Out Time (POT) : 7 years 2 month
Return on Network (RON) : 23,014 %
Internal Rate of Return (IRR) : 13,594 %
From the results of the economic aspect analysis, it can be concluded that a
factory making STPP from phosphoric acid and sodium carbonate using the
classical process is feasible to be established.551 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Preliminary Design of Acetate Cellulose Factory from Empty Palm Oil Bunches Through Acetic Acid Process With a Capacity of 52,000 Tons/Year
No full textThe preliminary design of a cellulose acetate production plant from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) using the acetic acid process is planned with a capacity of 52,000 tons/year and will operate for 330 days per year. The amount of EFB required is 9,767.56 kg/hour.
The production process in this preliminary plant design consists of four main stages: preparation of EFB as raw material, pulping and bleaching, acetylation followed by neutralization and hydrolysis, and finally the purification of cellulose acetate. During the production process, saturated steam is used at 4,122.414 kg/hour, cooling water requirements are 14,294.929 kg/hour, electricity consumption is 347.54 kW, and fuel consumption is 92.17 kg/hour.
The plant is planned to be located on Jalan Suak Lanjut, Siak Subdistrict, Siak Regency, Riau, with a total land area requirement of 20,834.88 m². The plant will employ 224 personnel, and the chosen business entity is a Limited Liability Company (PT) with a line and staff organizational structure.
The economic analysis results of the preliminary design of the cellulose acetate plant from EFB are as follows:
1. Capital Investment (CI) = Rp3,487,222,751,057
2. Total Cost (TC) = Rp5,898,502,599,782
3. Profit Margin (PM) = 12.74%
4. Break Even Point (BEP) = 40.17%
5. Return on Investment (ROI) = 15.26%
6. Pay Out Time (POT) = 6.55 years
7. Return on Network (RON) = 25.43%
8. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) = 17.91%
Based on the economic analysis, it can be concluded that the preliminary design of the cellulose acetate production plant from EFB with a capacity of 52,000 tons/year is feasible to establish.494 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Pre-Design of a Plant for Producing Bioethanol from Empty Palm Fruit Bunches Capacity 95,000tons/Year with Acid Hydrolysis and Fermentation Process: Product Purification by Adsorption Method
No full textBioethanol is a type of biofuel (liquid fuel from plant processing). Bioethanol is
ethanol produced from the fermentation of glucose followed by a distillation process. One
of the biomass materials used to make bioethanol is empty oil palm bunches. The process
commonly used in producing bioethanol is fermentation. In the preliminary design of a
bioethanol manufacturing plant from empty oil palm bunches, The planned production
capacity is 95,000 tons/year with a factory process duration of 336 working days in one
year. After conducting a selection study and production process scenario for making
bioethanol, the stages of the process in making bioethanol can be detailed as follows: Raw
material preparation process; Hydrolysis process; Fermentation process; Purification
process. The design of the main process equipment specified in the pre-design of the
bioethanol manufacturing plant, namely: Delignification Reactor, Reactor Temperatur 120
oC; Reactor Pressure 1 atm. Hydrolysis Reactor, Reactor Temperature 120 oC; Reactor
Pressure 1 atm. Fermentation Reactor, Reactor Temperature 30 oC; Reactor Pressure 1
atm. Molecular Sieve, Temperature 51 oC; Pressure1 atm631 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
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