602 research outputs found
Analysis of Machine Learning Based Imputation of Missing Data
No full textData analysis and classification can be affected by the availability of missing data
in datasets. To deal with missing data, either deletion-based or imputation-based
methods are used that results in the reduction of data records or wrong predicted
value imputed by means/median respectively. A significant improvement can be
done if missing values are imputed more accurately with less computation cost.
In this work, a flow for analysis of machine learning-based algorithms for
missing data imputation is proposed. The K-nearest neighbors (KNN) and
Sequential KNN (SKNN) algorithms are used to impute missing values in
datasets using machine learning. Missing values handled using statistical
deletion approach (List-wise Deletion) and ML-based imputation methods (KNN
and SKNN) is then tested and compared using different ML classifiers (Support
Vector Machine and Decision Tree) to evaluate effectiveness of imputed data.
The used algorithms are compared in terms of accuracy, and results yielded that
the ML-based imputation method (SKNN) outperforms LD-based approach and
KNN method in terms of effectiveness of handling missing data in almost every dataset with both classification algorithms (SVM and DT)
2019 Mw 5.9 Mirpur, Pakistan Earthquake: Insights from Integrating Geodetic, Seismic, and Field Observations
No full textOn 24 September 2019, an Mw 5.9 earthquake struck near the Mangla reservoir in northeastern Pakistan and resulted in 39 fatalities and 746 serious injuries, making it the deadliest earthquake in the region since the 2005 Mw 7.6 Kashmir earthquake. Here, we integrate geodetic, seismic, and field observations to characterize the source properties and impact of the Mirpur earthquake as well as investigate whether it might be a reservoir‐induced event. From inverting Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data, we find that a fault with strike ∼310°, dip ∼6°, and rake ∼117° is the optimal source, with slip concentrated between 5 and 6 km depth. This is consistent with our relocated aftershocks depth distribution and the lack of surface rupture observed in the field. Therefore, we infer that the earthquake ruptured the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT). The event’s shallow depth might explain the extensive damage caused despite its moderate magnitude, with a maximum shaking intensity of VIII based on our field survey. The survey also revealed extensive damages associated with earthquake‐induced liquefaction. Our modeling shows that loading due to increased reservoir water level in the three months before the Mirpur earthquake led to Coulomb stress increase of ∼7–10 kPa on the rupture plane. However, this effect is ∼10 times smaller than the Coulomb stress increase due to the 2006 Mangla earthquake, and the Mirpur earthquake only occurred ∼1–2 weeks after peak water level. These suggest that pore pressure diffusion contributed to promoting the fault rupture at a time when it is close to failure due to accumulated stress from inter‐seismic loading. Because the Mirpur earthquake resulted in a stress increase of >0.2 MPa on the surrounding sections of the MHT and nearby faults, future rupture of these faults is a significant hazard and proper management of reservoir operations is necessary to prevent further elevating the seismic risk
Folio
No full textZahoor Hussain Chohan-Editorial; Riaz Hussain-Article-Muhammad (SAW) and the People of India and Pakistan. pp. 7-11; Ahsan Waseem-Poetry-The Land of the Pious. pp. 11; Sultan Khan-Article-Quaid as a Political Philosopher. pp. 12-14; Aniza Zaheer-Article-Building-Up the National Fiber. pp. 15-19; Muhammad Tanvir-Essay-Importance of Discipline. pp. 19-20; Hameed Nizamee, Edited by Saleem Mansur Khalid-Article-Iqbal and his Urdu Poetry a General Survey Based on his Urdu Works. pp. 21-33; Amjad Ali Bhatti-Essay-The Prophet's Message to the Muslims. pp. 34-36; Arif Qureshi-Poetry-Salute to the Quaid. pp. 36; Tahir Kamran-Essay-Rise of Muslim History Writing. pp. 37-39; Muhammad Ahsan Pasha-Essay-Where do we Stand. pp. 40-42; Irshad-ul-Hasan-Poetry-The Walls of Glass. pp. 43-44; Rubina Nazir Chohan-Poetry-Gift. pp. 44; Sohail Ahmad Sharyar-Essay-What Is Literature. pp. 45-47; Muhammad Ahsan Pasha-Poetry-A Funny Commentary on Chaucer. pp. 47-48; Irshad-ul-Hasan-Article-Symbolism. pp. 49-61; Gilani Kamran-Essay-Discovering Folklore. pp. 62-64; Mohammad Tanvir Butt-Essay-Father of the Nation. pp. 65-67; Tariq Hameed Rathore-Poetry-Pleasant Manner. pp. 68; Syed Saadat Mehdi-The Days at College. pp. 68-69; Muhammad Akmal-Three Narrations. pp. 69-70; Wasif Rashid-Friendship & Friends. pp. 71; Ateeq-ur-Rahman-May You Have. pp. 71; Ali Awais-Quotes. pp. 72; Hammad Raza-Definitions. pp. 72; Akhlaque Ahmad-Mind and its Problems. pp. 73-74; Kamran Mahboob-Notice for the Students. pp. 75; Sana-ur-Rahman-Article-Emancipation of Women. pp. 76-80; Dalip Kumar Rajpoot-Best Use of Youth. pp. 80; Akhtar Ali Khan-Essay-Way to Economic Progress. pp. 81-82; Zia-ul-Haq-Essay-The World First Democracy. pp. 82-83; Zahor Hussain Chohan-On the Eve of Retirement. pp. 84; Folio [Urdu]. 272 p.College Buildings. after English title; Quaid-e-Azam. after contents; Allama Iqbal. 1 page after contents; Dr Shaukat Ali, Principal. 2 pages after contents; Prof Talat Mahmood. 3 pages after contents; Students Union 1988-1989. after page 84; Editorial Board 1988-89. after editorial Urdu pag
Enzyme-Mediated Deposition of a TiO2 Coating onto Biofunctionalized WS2 Chalcogenide Nanotubes
No full textA chemically specific and facile method for the biofunctionalization of WS2 nanotubes (NT-WS2) is reported. The covalent modification strategy is based on the affinity of the nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) side chain, which serves as a ligand for the surface binding to NT-WS2 and simultaneously as an anchor group for the binding of His-tagged proteins to the polymer backbone. The polymer functionalized WS2 nanotubes can be solubilized either in water or organic solvents; they are stable for at least one week. The probes were characterized by FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopy. The immobilization of silicatein, a hydrolytic protein encountered in marine sponges, was visualized by scanning force microscopy (SFM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The formation of the biotitania coating mediated by the immobilized silicatein onto the surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RI tahir, Muhammad Nawaz/B-7650-2011; MPIP, AK Butt/B-8805-2009; Natalio, Filipe/D-4417-2011; Tremel, Wolfgang/D-8125-2011; Mugnaioli, Enrico/E-6237-2011; Theato, Patrick/B-8588-2008; Berger, Rudiger/A-5210-200
Mercury contamination in deposited dust and its bioaccumulation patterns throughout Pakistan
No full textX-ray characterization, Hirshfeld surface analysis, DFT calculations,in vitroandin silicolipoxygenase inhibition (LOX) studies of dichlorophenyl substituted 3-hydroxy-chromenones
No full textThis work reports the synthesis and X-ray characterization of three dichlorophenyl substituted 3-hydroxy-chromen-4-one derivatives,i.e., 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one (1), 2-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one (2), and 2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one (3). The solid-state architecture of these three isomers is quite different due to the large influence of the Cl-substituents on the dihedral angle between the phenyl and chromenone rings. The different assemblies and synthons have been studied using Hirshfeld surface analysis and by computing their interaction energies and different contributions (electrostatic, polarization, dispersion and repulsion). Furthermore, only one isomer forms directional halogen bonding interactions (C-Cl⋯O) that have been analyzed using MEP surface calculations and characterized using a combination of QTAIM and NCIplot index computational methods. The ability to form halogen bonds depending on the substitution has also been analyzed. The docking results showed that compound1forms strong binding interactions with soybean lipoxygenase followed by compounds2and3. The molecular docking results are in good agreement with the bioactivity data of1-3(IC50values) against lipoxygenase.Fil: Ahmed, Muhammad Naeem. The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad; PakistánFil: Ghias, Mehreen. University of Malakand; PakistánFil: Shah, Syed Wadood Ali. University of Malakand; PakistánFil: Shoaib, Mohammad. University of Malakand; PakistánFil: Tahir, Muhammad Nawaz. University of Sargodha; PakistánFil: Ashfaq, Muhammad. University of Sargodha; PakistánFil: Ibrahim, Mahmoud A. A.. Minia University; EgiptoFil: Andleeb, Hina. No especifíca;Fil: Gil, Diego Mauricio. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Frontera, Antonio. Universidad de las Islas Baleares; Españ
Hydroxypropylcellulose as a novel green reservoir for the synthesis, stabilization, and storage of silver nanoparticles
No full textMuhammad Ajaz Hussain,1 Abdullah Shah,1 Ibrahim Jantan,2 Muhammad Raza Shah,3 Muhammad Nawaz Tahir,4 Riaz Ahmad,5 Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari2 1Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan; 2Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 3International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; 4Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Guttenberg University, Duesbergweg, Mainz, Germany; 5Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics (CASP), GC University, Lahore, Pakistan Abstract: Polysaccharides are attracting the vigil eye of researchers in order to design the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) of diverse size, shape, and application. We report an environmentally friendly method to synthesize Ag NPs where no physical reaction conditions were employed. Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) was used as a template nanoreactor, stabilizer, and capping agent to obtain Ag NPs. Different concentrations of AgNO3 solutions (50 mmol, 75 mmol, and 100 mmol) were mixed with a concentrated aqueous solution of HPC and the progress of the reaction was monitored by noting color changes of the reaction mixture at different reaction times for up to 24 hours. Characteristic ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV/Vis) absorption bands of Ag NPs were observed in the range of 388–452 nm. The morphology of the Ag NPs was studied by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy. The TEM images confirmed that the size of the Ag NPs was in the range of 25–55 nm. Powder X-ray diffraction studies showed that the crystal phase of the Ag NPs was face-centered cubic. The as-prepared Ag NPs were found to be stable, and no changes in size and morphology were observed after storage in HPC thin films over 1 year, as indicated by UV/Vis spectra. So, the present work furnishes a green and economical strategy for the synthesis and storage of stable Ag NPs. As-synthesized Ag NPs showed significant antimicrobial activity against different bacterial (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungal strains (Actinomycetes and Aspergillus niger). Keywords: green synthesis, nanoreactor, nanobiotechnology, antimicrobial assay, storage, stabilit
In Search of the Fragments of Recollection: Cultural Memory and Identity in Select Travel Narratives of Tahir Shah
No full textCulture, memory, and identity are intricately connected terms. Memory is not just an individual experience but plays a prominent role in the establishment of both individual and cultural identity. Jan Assmann, in his essay “Collective Memory and Cultural Identity”, has defined cultural memory as “the characteristic store of repeatedly used texts, images, and rituals in the cultivation of which each society and epoch stabilizes and imports its self-image; a collectively shared knowledge of preferably (yet not exclusively) the past, on which a group bases its awareness of unity and character” (15). Storytelling is a universal act of preserving the cultural aspects of a community. The works selected for the present study are The Caliph’s House and In Arabian Nights written by the travel-writer Tahir Shah. This paper intends to analyze the connection between cultural memory and cultural identity as presented in the selected works from two levels. Firstly, it studies how the author reaffirms the cultural identity of Morocco by exploring the cultural elements and the art of storytelling, and secondly, how he ascertains his personal identity through his explorations and experiences as a traveller
Guidance from the Seerah of Prophet (Peace be upon Him) in Interfaith Economic Relations: A Research Study
No full textIslam being a universal and eternal religion specifies and elaborates every kind of basic rights to the whole humanity and promotes interfaith good relations among the followers of different religions. One of these interfaith relations is economic and financial relation. Prophet of Islam, Hazrat Muhammad (Peace Be upon Him) who was the Prophet for the whole humanity, presented his teachings and practical examples to ensure and make practicable all these interfaith rights and relations including economic relations irrespective of religion and race.
In this article it is focused on different aspects of interfaith economic relations, such as trade, use of markets, business, exchanging of gifts and loans, protection of assets, financial help and aid, right of ownership for the followers of other religions, in the light of the noble examples and teachings of the Seerah of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
 
عصرِ حاضر کے جدید تقاضوں میں دعوتِ دین کی مؤثِرحکمت عملی:ایک تحقیقی مطالعہ: Effective Strategy Regarding Preaching of Religion in Modern Requirements of contemporary era: A Research Study
No full textIslam is a Dīn of nature and a universal, everlasting and complete code of life. Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be upon Him), is the last Prophet of God. That’s why Islam emphasizes to convey and preach its noble teachings to others as an obligatory duty of its followers. Due to the universality and eternal status of Islam, It is also mandatory to adopt universal, modern and latest means and methods for its preaching which are according to the needs of the age. Some practical steps according to the modern age and requirements are to be adopted as an effective strategy for preaching of Islam in this era.
This article focuses on these strategies in the light of Islamic teachings and the thoughts of Muslim scholars, so that new generations can be addressed and preached according to their nature, requirements, needs and modern trends effectively. Some ethics of using these modern sources and latest means of communications are also mentioned in this research paper
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