30 research outputs found
Buy now & pay later (installment) vs lump sum payment of online shopping (shopee) in Sabah, a quantitative comparison from the perspective of uses & gratifications theory
No full textAdvances in e-commerce nowadays have given users more choices to pay when purchasing items online via e-commerce platforms; Shopee etc. Thanks to the creativity and strides to make life easier for users when shopping, Shopee has recorded astounding sales over time. This can be attributed to payment methods that have different characteristics from one another but more study is needed to ascertain this phenomenon. One method is commonly known as the Buy Now Pay Later option or in other words, the instalment plan. This mode of payment has become an alternative favorite amongst users known for its budget-friendly approach when compared to the default lump sum payment approach widely used now in the e-commerce space. However, it seems very clear based on journal publications that a lack of studies was being conducted especially in Sabah in the area of e-commerce related to these payment options. Post-adoption studies are urgently needed in the area of payment solutions for online e-commerce specifically Shopee as the biggest and the hottest e-commerce platform now in Malaysia. As such, this study aims to fill that gap to contribute to that area of study and aid online e-commerce advertisers in their decision-making to fully explore more budget expansion to promote either Buy Now Pay Later or lump sum payment solutions when engaging with users in the market. A previous study was conducted in the area of Uses and Gratifications related to mobile payments in a developing country and how gratifications from using mobile payments influence the adoption of mobile payment among the population there. The study found that six gratifications obtained through a literature review might have influenced users’ adoption of mobile payment solutions. But after testing the six gratifications, only three were found to significantly influence users’ attitudes to adopt mobile payment solutions that are ease of use, usefulness and integrative gratification. Because payment solutions are a medium where users would actively engage with specific motivations and gratifications, the outcome of that study can be adopted in this research where the three gratifications can be utilized to compare the level of adoption between Buy Now Pay Later (instalment) and the default lump sum payment method. This research fully adopts the uses & gratifications theory as a pillar and deploys a quantitative survey as its methodological lens to fully understand and compare the level of adoption between the two payment solutions. The findings in this study found that users prefer BNPL as compared to lump sum based on the data obtained and analyzed through SPSS
Antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of Garcinia Eugenifolia and Calophyllum Enervosum
No full textChemical investigation of Garcinia eugenifolia and Calophyllum enervosum yielded six compounds. One of these was found to be a novel compound identified as enervosanone. Five known compounds cambogin, epicatechin, osajaxanthone, rubraxanthone and isocowanol, were also isolated. These compounds were tested for their bioactivity as antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicagents. Antimicrobial assay was performed using disc diffusion method. The antioxidative activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method by electron spin resonance. The cytotoxicity was measured by the MTT assay against MCF7 cell line. Enervosanone and rubraxanthone were active against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC value of 26.82, 26.82, 26.82, 26.82 and 60.97, 30.48, 60.97, 60.97 mM, respectively. Rubraxanthone and epicatechin exhibited antioxidant activities with IC50 of 0.89 mM and 2.6 mM, respectively. The cytotoxicity assay on MCF7 cell line showed that enervosanone was found to be active in inhibiting cell proliferation of MCF7 with IC50 of 1.07 mM
Pengaruh Variasi Celah Busi dan Jenis Busi Terhadap Performa dan Emisi Gas Buang pada Mobil Bensin System Injeksi
No full textMekanisme pada motor bakar bensin adalah pemanfaatan energi dari gas panas hasil proses pembakaran yang terjadi di dalam selinder berfungsi menjadi fluida kerja dan merubah menjadi tenaga atau energi panas. Salah satu bagian terpenting dari motor 4 langkah. Untuk memaksimalkan kembali kerja motor bensin bisa melakukan pengecekan pada busi dan jenis busi kendaraan juga bisa membersihkan permukaan pada busi dan melihat kerenggangan pada busi kendaraan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi celah busi dan jenis busi terhadap performa dan emisi gas buang pada mobil bensin system injeksi. Pada penelitian ini, metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dan merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, yaitu memaparkan secara jelas hasil eksperimen di laboratorium terhadap benda uji, kemudian analisis datanya menggunakan angka – angka. Pengambilan data penelitian ini dihasilkan dari pengukuran konsumsi bahan bakar pertailte, tekanan dalam silinder, dan emisi gas buang pada mesin type G15A menggunakan busi standart, busi cabang ganda, dan busi cabang empat. variasi dari 3 jenis busi yang berbeda dengan ukuran 0.70 mm, 0.80 mm, 0.90 mm, pada putaran mesin 1000 rpm, 1500 rpm, 2000 rpm, 2500 rpm, 3000 rpm, 3500 rpm dengan bahan bakar pertailte selama 5 menit dan sebanyak 3 kali pengulangan. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini terdapat pengaruh signifikan dari variasi penyetelan busi dan jenis busi terhadap performa mesin dan emisi gas buang pada mesin G15A.The mechanism of gasoline fuel motorcycle is utilizing the energy of heat gas from the combustion process in the cylinder which functions to be the working fluid and change to be energy or heat energy. It is one of the most important parts of the 4 strokes motor. To maximizing the gasoline motor performance, it needed to conduct a checking on the spark plug and notice the gap in the spark plug of the vehicle. The aims of the study were to find out the influence of the spark plug gap variations and spark plug types towards the performance and exhaust gas emissions on the gasoline car injection system. The method used in the study was the experiment method which is quantitative research, namely clearly explaining the experiment results in the laboratory towards the testing tools, and then the data analyzed using the statistics. The data collecting was obtained from the Pertalite fuel consumption measurement, the stress in the cylinder, and exhaust gas emissions on the type G15A machine using standard spark plug, double branch spark plugs, and four branch spark plugs. There were 3 types of different spark plugs by the measure of 0.70 mm, 0.80 mm, 0.90 mm; by machine rotary of 1000 rpm, 1500 rpm, 2000 rpm, 2500 rpm, 3000 rpm, 3500 rpm using Pertalite fuel for 5 minutes and 3 times repetition. To sum up, there was a significant influence of the variations in spark plug settings and spark plug types towards the performance and exhaust gas emissions on the G15A machine in the study
Political Reorientation of Indonesian Sharia Economic Law: Legal Politics of Trade Law on Sharia Multilevel Marketing
No full textSharia multilevel marketing is a part of Sharia economic activity that has not been internalized in Indonesian trade law. This article discusses the formation of legal norms for direct selling in Indonesia and analyzes the legal politics of establishing trade law against sharia multilevel marketing. This study is derived from normative legal research using both statutory and historical approaches. The qualitative data on the legal politics of the trade law formation were taken from library research and interviews and then analyzed using the inductive method. The finding of this article indicates that the law of multilevel marketing in Indonesia, through the process of regulation and legislation, aims to provide legal certainty and anticipate the unlawful economic practices of pyramid schemes. The result of this article reveals that the formation of national trade law does not reflect a responsive law. The existence of a Sharia economic system, especially sharia multilevel marketing regulation, is not accompanied by the massive support of Islamic ethical value implementation. Therefore, to sum up, the sharia multilevel marketing needs a state’s political recognition of the Islamic economy through the development of law in the existing Islamic finance and philanthropy sector
Synthesis of 4’,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone and 3’,4’,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavanone and antioxidant activity
No full textNatural flavonoids, 4’,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone and 3’,4’,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavanone were synthesised via their respective chalcone. The initial step wasto synthesise derivatives of 2-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde by protecting the phenolic hydroxyl groups. The chalcone was synthesised byClaisen-Schmidt condensation. Acid hydrolysis and subsequent treatment with sodium acetate of 2’-hydroxy-4,4’-6’-tris(methoxymethyloxy)chalconeand 2’-hydroxy-3,4,4’,6’-tetrakis(methoxymethyloxy)chalcone, gave 4’,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone and 3’,4’,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavanone, respectively.3’,4’,5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavanone was found to be more potent as an antioxidant agent than 4’,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone with 83.11% inhibition and SC508.57 μg/mL in the radical scavenging activity by ESR method.</jats:p
A polyisoprenylated ketone from Calophyllum enervosum
No full textA polyisoprenylated ketone named enervosanone has been isolated from the stem bark of Calophyllum enervosum together with three known compounds, cambogin, osajaxanthone and epicatechin. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis.The antimicrobial evaluations of the isolated compounds were also reporte
Synthesis and characterization some flavonoids derivatives
No full textThe flavonoids represent an important group of pigment that occurs in the plant kingdom. The flavones, one of the flavonoids, possess interesting biological actions. The antioxidant activity of flavones is reported to be associated with those bearing hydroxyl functions. In the present study, several steps of reaction have been carried out to synthesize the derivatives of luteolin, which are polyhydroxyl flavones. The first step of the reaction was the methylation of 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone with methyl iodide to afford 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyacetophenone. On aldol condensation of 2-hydroxy-4,6- dimethoxyacetophenone with 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde yielded 3,4,4,6- tetramethoxychalcone. This was followed by the oxidative cyclisation of chalcone with SeO2 to give 3,4,5,7-tetramethoxyflavone. The protection of hydroxyl functions of 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde with methoxy methyl chloride to form 2-hydroxy-4,6-bis(methoxymethyloxy)-acetophenone and 3,4-bis (methoxymethyloxy)-benzaldehyde was carried out. Both compounds were reacted via the aldol condensation to form 3,4,4,6-tetrakis(methoxymethyloxy)-chalcone. Treatment of 3,4,4,6-tetrakis(methoxymethyloxy)-chalcone with excessive sodium acetate afforded us 3,4,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavanone or eriodictyol (39) as a single product in high yield.The free radical scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical by synthesized flavonoids using the electron spin resonance (ESR) technique and UV spectrophotometry method showed that 3,4,5,7- tetrahydroxyflavanone is a strong antioxidant. Compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques, i.e. infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR)
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 4′,5,7-trihydroxy-3′- prenylflavanone
No full text4′,5,7-Trihydroxy-3′-prenylflavanone was synthesized and tested for antibacterial effects against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The synthesized compounds were characterized using UV, IR, MS and 1H and 13C NMR data. The antibacterial screening of the synthesized compounds were performed in vitro by the filter paper disc diffusion
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Kimia organik: kumpulan berfungsi
No full textBuku Kimia Organik: Kumpulan Berfungsi ditulis khusus untuk semua yang memerlukan pengetahuan asas kimia organik sebagai tahap permulaan dalam bidang sains khususnya kimia, biokimia, dan biologi, kejuruteraan kimia, dan farmasi. Buku ini mengandungi sepuluh bab, memperkenalkan pengelasan sebatian organik mengikut kumpulan berfungsi, iaitu bahagian yang mencirikan sebatian organik yang terlibat dalam semua tindak balas. Setiap bab dilengkapi dengan pengenalan, sifat penamaan, penyediaan, tindak balas berserta mekanisme tindak balas, contoh soalan serta penyelesaian, ringkasan dan soalan latihan. Buku ini menekankan pemahaman kaitan antara satu kumpulan berfungsi dengan kumpulan berfungsi yang lain. Hidrokarbon merupakan rangka asas kepada semua sebatian organik. Pengikatan kumpulan berfungsi, hidroksil, karbonil, halogen dan amino kepada rangka hidrokarbon memberikan sebatian organik dengan kelas tertentu, iaitu alkohol, fenol, aldehid, keton, amina, asid karboksilik dan terbitan asid karboksilik. Di samping itu, pengubahsuaian satu kumpulan berfungsi kepada kumpulan berfungsi lain menggunakan reagen tertentu dibantu dengan mekanisme tindak balas untuk memahamkan konsep tindak balas kimia organik
