122 research outputs found
Kad Hari Raya
No full textKad ucapan hari raya yang diutuskan kepada Profesor Diraja Ungku Abdul Aziz daripada Prof. Madya Dr. Zainal Abidin Abu Hasan Pengarah, Pusat Matrikulasi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Tipah Hassan, Muhammad Reza, Nur Soraya, Muhammad Luqman dan Nur Haid
Kata perintah dan larangan dalam surat Luqman: Analisis Balagah dan implikasi pedagogik
Get PDFINDONESIA:
Al-Qur'an adalah sumber utama dalam Islam dan salah satu mukjizat utama yang diberikan kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW. Salah satu aspek mukjizat Al-Qur'an adalah aspek linguistiknya. Di antara surat-surat dalam Al-Qur'an terdapat Surat Luqman, yang mengandung banyak hal penting yang harus diketahui setiap manusia, termasuk akidah, akhlak, dan syariah yang bermanfaat bagi kehidupan manusia. Surat Luqman, seperti surat-surat lainnya, mengandung kata-kata yang menunjukkan perintah dan kata-kata yang menunjukkan larangan dalam konteks pendidikan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah kata perintah dan larangan dalam Surat Luqman, memahami makna kata-kata perintah dan larangan dalam Surat Luqman dari perspektif Balaghah, dan bagaimana implikasi pedagogik dalam ayat-ayat yang mengandung kata-kata perintah dan larangan dalam Surat Luqman.
Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti lebih menekankan pada metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif. Metode yang digunakan untuk memperoleh data penulisan tesis ini adalah library research.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya 16 kata perintah dalam bentuk fi'il amr (kata kerja perintah) dan 7 kata larangan. Selain itu, diketahui pula berbagai makna linguistik dari setiap kata tersebut. Dari perspektif balaghah, maknanya meliputi: At Tahakum (sindiran), , At Tahdid (ancaman), At Tahadi (tantangan), At Ta’jiz (menampakan ketidak mampuan), Al Irsyad (pengarahan), At Tasliah (hiburan), Al I’tibar (mengambil pelajaran), At Taskhir (merendahkan), , Al Imtinan (memberikan karunia ), dan Al Inzar (peringatan). Sedangkan untuk aplikasi pedagogiknya meliputi pengajaran kritis, memahami sebab-akibat, mengikuti kebenaran yang jelas, dan lainnya.
الملخص
ARAIBIC:
محمد نور الرحمن, 2220090031. أساليب الأمر و النهي في سورة لقمان(دراسة تحليلية بلاغية و مضمونها التربوي). المشرف الأول: الدكتور الحاج. عدي ناندانغ س، ماجستير , المشرف الثاني: د. رزالدى ستريا ويواها، الماجستير
القرآن الكريم هو المصدر الأول في الإسلام، وهو أحد المعجزات الرئيسية التي أُعطيت للنبي محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم. من جوانب إعجاز القرآن الكريم هو الجانب اللغوي. من بين السور في القرآن الكريم سورة لقمان، وهي تحتوي على العديد من الأمور الهامة التي ينبغي لكل إنسان أن يعرفها، منها العقيدة والأخلاق والشريعة التي تفيد حياة الإنسان. تحتوي سورة لقمان، كما في السور الأخرى، على كلمات تدل على الأوامر وكلمات تدل على النواهي. في سياق التعليم.
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة عدد كلمات الأمر والنهي في سورة لقمان، وفهم معنى كلمات الأمر والنهي في سورة لقمان من منظور البلاغة، و المضمون التربوي في الآيات التي تحتوي على كلمات الأمر والنهي في سورة لقمان.
في هذه الدراسة، يركز الباحث على المنهج النوعي مع نهج التحليل الوصفي. المنهج المستخدم للحصول على بيانات هذه الأطروحة هو البحث المكتبي.
نتائج هذه الدراسة تشير إلى وجود 16 كلمة أمر بصيغة فعل الأمر و7 كلمات نهي، كما تم معرفة المعنى اللغوي المتنوع لكل كلمة. أما من منظور البلاغة فهي: التهكم، التهديد، التحدي، الإعجاز، الإرشاد، التسلية، الاعتبار، التسخير, الامتنان, الإنذار. أما بالنسبة للتطبيقات التربوية فهي مثل تعليم النقد، وفهم السبب والنتيجة، واتباع الحقائق الواضحة، وغيرها
Abstract
ENGLISH:
The Qur'an is the primary source in Islam and one of the main miracles given to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW). One of the miraculous aspects of the Qur'an is its linguistic features. Among the chapters in the Qur'an is Surah Luqman, which contains many important elements that every human being should know, including creed, morality, and Sharia, which benefit human life. Surah Luqman, like other surahs, contains words that denote commands and prohibitions within an educational context.
This study aims to determine the number of imperative and prohibitive words in Surah Luqman, comprehend the contextual meanings of the imperative and prohibitive words in Surah Luqman from the perspective of balaghah, and explore the educational implication in the verses containing imperative and prohibitive words in Surah Luqman.
In this study, the researcher employs a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis approach. The method used to obtain data for this thesis is library research.
The results of this study indicate the presence of 16 imperative words in the form of fi'il amr (command verbs) and 7 prohibitive words. Additionally, the diverse linguistic meanings of each word were identified. From the perspective of balaghah, their meanings include: sarcasm, threat, challenge, miracle, guidance, consolation, lesson, subjugation, gratitude, and warning. As for the pedagogical applications, they include teaching critical thinking, understanding cause and effect, following clear truths, and others
Modelling on Non-Revenue water / Mohamad Hafizi Zakaria, Muhammad Luqman Zulkifli and Nur Farahin Roslan
Get PDFNon-Revenue Water (NON-REVENUE WATER RATIO) refers to the treated water that has produced from water plant which did not reach to the customer. It becomes one the challenges for commercial water system management. It is because the water company have to fulfill the demand from the society which keep increasing day by day. This wasted water could cause the company face losses and hence, burdens the people with increasing water tariff. This study focused on identifying the significant factors that influencing the Non-Revenue Water and modelling the data using Multiple Linear Regression Model and Artificial Neural Network. The sample size used in this study were 234 observations and the variables involved were Length of Connection, Number of Connection, Production Quantity, Consumption Quantity and Non-Revenue Water Ratio. The result of Multiple Linear Regression imply that Consumption Quantity and Production Quantity were significant to Non-Revenue Water Ratio whereas the variables of Length of Connection and Number of Connection were not significant. Apart from that, Artificial Neural Network also had been used to analyze the data in order to build the best model for predicting Non¬ Revenue Water Ratio. In comparison of Multiple Linear Regression and Artificial Neural Network, higher value of R-square (R2 = 0.99) and lower of Mean Square Error (MSE = 2.09) of Artificial Neural Network concluded that Artificial Neural Network model more accurate and better to predict Non-Revenue Water Ratio as compared to Multiple Linear Regression. It is hoped that the result from this study can be used by the water authority company in improving the water distribution and thus reduce water losses and cost
Pembacaan Empat Surat Pilihan Al-Qur’an dalam Tradisi Ngupati (Kajian Living Qur’an di Blok Pagertoya Desa Suranenggala Kulon, Kecamatan Suranenggala, Kabupaten Cirebon)
Get PDFABSTRAK
Nur Fatikha Al Fauziyah, 14151304044: “Pembacaan Empat Surat Pilihan Al-Qur’an dalam Tradisi Ngupati (Kajian Living Qur’an di Blok Pagertoya Desa Suranenggala Kulon, Kecamatan Suranenggala, Kabupaten Cirebon)”
Al-Qur‟an sebagai bagian dalam kehidupan masyarakat Suranenggala Kulon juga tampak dalam kegiatan keagamaan seperti sedekahan, selamatan, mitoni atau tujuh bulanan, ngupati. Sampai kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan pernikahan, kelahiran maupun kematian Al-Qur‟an hadir dalam kegiatan tersebut. Ketika salah satu anggota masyarakat ada yang meninggal dunia maka diadakan pembacaan surah yasin dan tahlilan.
Permasalahan yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) Bagaimana praktik pembacaan empat surat Al-Qur‟an (Muhammad, Yusuf, Maryam, Luqman) dalam tradisi empat bulanan di Blok Pagertoya Desa Suranenggala Kulon; (2) Bagaimana makna pembacaan empat surat al-Qur‟an (Muhammad, Yusuf, Maryam, Luqman) dalam tradisi empat bulanan di Blok Pagertoya Desa Suranenggala Kulon.
Untuk menjawab permasalahan di atas, peneliti menggunakan penelitian yang bersifat kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi.
Tradisi ngupati adalah upacara selametan yang diadakan oleh masyarakat jawa untuk memperingati keberadaan janin yang dikandung ketika memasuki usia 120 hari atau 4 bulan. Pembacaannya mengikuti waktu pelaksanaan,dan menyesuaikan dengan susunan acara. kebiasaan yang sudah dilakukan biasanya setelah shalat isya. Para pembaca ini biasanya dilakukan oleh masyarakat setempat. Mengenai tempat untuk membaca surah tersebut dilakukan di tempat yang mempunyai hajat. Dalam hal ini yang membaca adalah masyarakat setempat, surah yang dibaca yakni surat Muhammad, surat Maryam, surat Yusuf dan surat Luqman. Adapun makna membaca surat Muhanmmad, Yusuf, Maryam dan Luqman dalam tradisi Ngupati, seperti dikatakan bahwa dengan membaca surat tersebut kita dapat memperoleh anak yang berakhlak Mulia seperti Nabi Muhammad, memiiki paras yang tampan sepeti Nabi Yusuf, berkepribadian yang teguh sabar baik hati dan tawadhu, serta sebagaimana kisah Luqman sebagai orang tua yang bijak memberi nasihat kepada anaknya agar tidak menyekutukan Allah, dan senantiasa berbakti kepada orang tua.. Beranjak dari asumsi demikian, saya menelaah dan mengkaji kembali serta mencari tahu mengenai pengamalan bacaan 4 surat tersebut.
Kata Kunci : Praktik dan makn
Integration Children Behavioral Education According To Luqman And Ulwan Najati
No full textThe formation of commendable attitudes, behavior and morals needs to be cultivated from an early age by the people who are closest to the children. Parents, families, guardians and teachers are responsible for educating and shaping children's behavior, because of the closeness factor and the strongest influence on children. Therefore, this study aims to describe the main methods of education, teaching and learning behaviour towards the formation of commendable values and morals towards children. The approach is discussed from the perspective of famous scholars Abdullah Nasih ‘Ulwan and Muhammad Utsman Najati. This study applies a qualitative research approach with the theme of literature review. Data is obtained from scientific articles and books. The method of content analysis by synthesis is applied to the education method of Abdullah Nasih ‘Ulwan from his work Tarbiyat al-Awlad fi al-Islam and the learning method of Muhammad Uthman Najati from his work Al-Qur'an wa ‘Ilm An Nafs and al-Hadith al-Nabawi wa Ilm an-Nafs as well as from surah Luqman in the al-Quran to discuss value education in behaviour. The results of the study found that the education method in Surah Luqman, Abdullah Nasih ‘Ulwan and the psychological learning method of Muhammad Ustman Najati can be integrated to form a simple and practical behavioural education for parents and guardians. The implication is that the method is seen to be very effective in treating children in line with Islamic Shari'a because it is based on the teachings of the Quran and Hadith, and is even streamlined with the views of contemporary Islamic scholars that are in line with the reality of today
Profil pendidik dalam perspektif Al-Qur’an: Analisis surat Luqman ayat 12–19
Get PDFABSTRAK
Pendidikan merupakan bagian terpenting dari kehidupan manusia. Pendidikan adalah gerbang menuju kehidupan yang lebih bermakna. Dan salah satu faktor penentunya adalah seorang pendidik yang profesional dibidangnya, yang mampu mengantarkan peserta didik menjadi pribadi muslim sejati (insan kamil). Akan tetapi realitas yang ada saat ini menunjukan bahwa pendidik belum mampu sepenuhnya mencetak sosok lulusan pribadi yang berakhlaqul karimah, kebanyakan dari mereka hanya mahir dalam aspek kognitif saja. Padahal yang kita ketahui pendidik bukan hanya melatih kecakapan kognitif semata, tetapi juga penanaman moral, mendidik rohani mereka untuk menjadi manusia yang lebih bijak dan tanggung jawab. Pendidikan dimulai sejak anak masih dalam kandungan, usia dini, hingga masa tua. seperti halnya Luqman yang arif, penuh kasih dan perhatian terhadap pendidikan putranya, sehingga cara, karakteristik dan muatan yang sampaikannya diabadikan dalam surat Luqman. Dan hingga saat ini, surat Luqman dijadikan landasan dasar pendidikan anak.
Berdasarkan uraian di atas, maka penulis merumuskan sebagai berkut: Bagaimana sifat seorang pendidik dalam surat Luqman ayat 12-19?. Bagaimana karakter seorang pendidik dalam Surat Luqman ayat 12-19?. Adapun tujuan penulisan yang ingin dicapai adalah untuk mengetahui sifat seorang pendidik dalam surat Luqman ayat 12-19, dan mengetahui karakter yang dimiliki oleh seorang pendidik yang terdapat dalam Surat Luqman ayat 12-19.
Dalam penulisan ini penulis mengunakan metode menggunakan beberapa metode yang relevan dengan tema kajian diatas, antara lain: (a) metode deduksi, (b) metode induksi, (d) metode analisis diskriptif, dan (e) Metode tafsir tematik (Tafsir Maudhu'i). Mengingat bidang studi serta masalah dan fenomena yang ada, maka penulis menggunakan pendekatan historis filosofis dan Adapun jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pustaka (library research) yang bersifat kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber utamanya adalah Al-Qur’an dan tafsir Al-Mishbah, tafsir Ibnu Katsir, Tafsir Jalalain dan Tafsir al-Maroghi sebagai sumber utama dan sumber- sumber lainnya yang relevan dengan tema kajian. Sesuai dengan sifat jenis data yang diperoleh, maka tekhnik analisa data yang dipergunakan adalah content analiysis, yaitu suatu teknik analisa data yang diharapkan mengkaji isi suatu objek kajian. Dalam hal ini, Sujono dan Abdurrahman mengutip teorinya Holsti mengatakan bahwa: content analysis adalah teknik apapun yang digunakan untuk menarik kesimpulan melalui usaha-usaha, menemukan karakteristik pesan, dan dilakukan secara obyektif dan sistematis (Moloeng, Lexy.h. 163).
Dari pembahasan pada bab-bab sebelumnya tentang surah Luqman ayat 12-19 dapat disimpulkan bahwa profil pendidik dalam surat ini memiliki sifat dan karakteristik yang menyatu seluruh totalitas kepribadiannya. Diantaranya sifat yang harus dimiliki pendidik adalah: (1) Rabbaniyyah, (2) Zuhud, (3) Ikhlas, (4) Pemaaf, (5) Jujur, (6) Adil, (7) Sabar, (8) Kasih Sayang. Sedangkan karakteristik pendidik adalah: (a) Kebersihan, (b) Bersifat kebapaan, (c) Mengetahui tabiat peserta didik, (d) Menguasai materi.
ABSTRACT
Education is an important part of human life. Education is the gateway to a more meaningful life. And one of the determining factors is a professional educator in their fields, capable of delivering personal learners become a true Muslim (perfect beings). However, the current reality shows that educators have not been able fully to print the figure of private graduates who well behaved, most of them are only proficient in the cognitive aspects only. Yet we know educators not only to train cognitive skills alone, but also cultivation of moral, spiritual educate them to become wiser and human responsibility. Education starts since the child is still in the womb, early age, until old age. like Luqman the wise, loving and caring towards his son's education, so that way, the characteristics and load him convey Luqman enshrined in the letter. And until recently, Luqman letter made the basic foundation of education of children.
Based on the above description, the authors define as berkut: How does the nature of an educator in the letter Luqman verse 12-19?. How does an educator character verses 12-19 in Surah Luqman?. The purpose of writing is to be achieved is to know the nature of an educator in the letter Luqman verse 12-19, and knowing the character possessed by an educator is contained in the Letter of Luqman verse 12-19.
In this paper the author uses the method using several methods that are relevant to the theme of the assessment above, among others: (a) the deduction method, (b) the method of induction, (d) descriptive analysis method, and (e) method of thematic interpretation (Tafsir Maudhu'i .) Given the field of study as well as problems and phenomena that exist, the author uses the historical approach to philosophical and The type of research is the research library (library research) is a qualitative descriptive. The main source is the Quran and Tafseer Al-Mishbah, Tafseer Ibn Katheer, Tafseer Jalalain and Tafseer al-Maroghi as a primary source and other sources relevant to the theme of the study. In accordance with the nature of the type of data obtained, the data analysis technique used is content analiysis, namely a data analysis technique that is expected to review the contents of an object of study. In this case, Sujono and Abdurrahman citing Holsti theory says that: content analysis is any technique that is used to draw conclusions through the efforts, found the message characteristics, and conducted in an objective and systematic (Moloeng, Lexy.h. 163).
From the discussion in previous chapters about the surah Luqman verse 12-19 it can be concluded that the profile of educators in this letter have the nature and characteristics of a unified whole totality of his personality. Among these properties must be owned educators are: (1) Rabbaniyyah, (2) PIETY, (3) Ikhlas, (4) forgiving (5) Honest, (6) Fair, (7) Patience, (8) Valentines. While the characteristics of educators are: (a) Cleaning, (b) is fatherhood, (c) Identifying the nature of the learner, (d) To control the material
Peran Orang Tua Dalam Menananamkan Nilai Pendidikan Islam Pada Anak (Studi Analisis Tafsir Q.S Luqman:12-19)
Get PDFThe moral condition of adolescent nowadays is worrying because of far from religious values, it is because most parents ignore the main task and function in carrying out its role to instill Islamic education values. From the condition above, the author wants to do a deeper discussion about the role of parents in instilling the value of Islamic Education to Children in the Qur'an surah Luqman verses 12-19. Therefore the authors formulate to know what and how the role of parents in instilling the value of Islamic education in children on the analysis of the interpretation of surah Luqman verses 12-19
The type of this research was library research with qualitative descriptive approach. The primary data sources used were the Qur'an and its translation, published by Khadim al Haramain asy Syarifain King Fahd ibn 'Abd al' Aziz Al Sa'ud in 2013 and some interpretation book namely Tafseer Al-Azhar byHamka, Tafseer Fidzilalil Qur'an by Sayyid Qutub, Tafseer Ibn Kathir, Tafsir Al-Maroghi and Tafseer Al-Misbah by Qurais Syihab. Methods of data collection used documentation using qualitative analysis.
The purpose of this study was to know the role of parents in the story of Luqman, and Luqman‟s method in instilling the values of Islamic education in children, so by taking the lesson from the story of Luqman contained in the Qur'an surah Luqman verses 12-19 this, It is expected that parents can emulate and apply it in carrying out its main duty and its function which was to instill the values of Islamic education in children.
The results of the analysis of interpretation of Surah Luqman Verse 12-19 indicates that Luqman, in playing his role as a parent are: instill the value of faith Education, Sharia Education or Worship and Morals Education, while the way or method of education that Luqman apply in instilling the value of Islamic education in his child are by: 1) Method of Advice and 2) Method of Habituation
NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM AL-QUR'AN SURAT LUQMAN AYAT 12-19 DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN PADA MASYARAKAT 5.0
Get PDFPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh zaman yang semakin berkembang dengan munculnya
masyarakat era 5.0 sebagai akibat dari revolusi industri 4.0. Kemajuan teknologi dan
informasi yang semakin canggih menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi dunia pendidikan
Islam dimana era society 5.0 ini masyarakat ditantang untuk memiliki kemampuan
khusus agar dapat bertahan hidup. Dalam dunia pendidikan, Alquran sebagai sumber
Pendidikan Islam memberikan solusi dan kontribusi keseluruhan seiring dengan
perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dari ayat-ayat Alquran yang berkaitan dengan
pendidikan. Peneliti mencoba untuk membuat deskripsi mengenai biografi kisah Luqman,
menganalisis nilai-nilai pendidikan di dalam kisah tersebut, dan membuat implikasinya
terhadap pendidikan pada masyarakat 5.0. Dalam membuat penelitian ini, peneliti
menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang dibantu dengan pendekatan tafsir tarbawy dan
metode tafsir tahlili. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah Alquran dan tiga kitab tafsir
karya tiga mufassir, yakni kitab tafsir al-misbah karya Muhammad Quraish Shihab, kitab
tafsir al-azhar karya Hamka, dan kitab tafsir al-quranul majid karya Teungku Muhammad
Hasbi Ash-Shiddieqy. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan studi
literatur (library research). Analisis data pada penelitian ini meliputi aktivitas reduksi,
display, dan verifikasi data. Hasil yang akan dicapai dalam penelitian ini berupa biografi
Luqman, nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam dalam Q.S Luqman [31] : 12-19 serta implikasinya
terhadap pendidikan pada masyarakat 5.0.
This research is motivated by a growing era with the emergence 5.0 as a result of the
industrial revolution 4.0. the advancement of technology and increasingly sophisticated
information is a challenge in itself for the world of Islamic education where in the era of
society 5.0, people are challenged to have special abilities in order to survive. In the
world of education, Al-Quran as a source of Islamic education provides solutions and
overall contributions along with the development of knowledge from the verses of the
Qur'an relating to education. In making this research, the researcher used a qualitative
approach that was assisted by the tarbawy interpretation approach and the tahlily method.
The data sources in this study were the Qur'an and three interpretive books by three
mufassir, namely the al-misbah tafsir book by Muhammad Quraish Shihab, the al-azhar
tafsir book by Hamka and the quranul majid al-nur tafsir book by Teungku Muhammad
Ash-shiddieqy. Data collection techniques in this studyu using literature studies (library
research). Data analysis in this study includes activities of reduction, display, and data
verification. The results to be achieved in this study are Luqman biography, the values of
Islamic education in Q.S Luqman [31]:12-19 and the implications for public education
5.0
Social & behavioral risk factors and early childhood caries – a cross-sectional study on preschool children in Shah Alam / Norashikin Yusof, Luqman Arif Muhammad Ghazali and Nur Shahirah Zulkifle
Get PDFEarly childhood caries (ECC) remains a major challenge among the 5-6 year olds in Malaysia with a caries prevalence of 71.3% as indicated in the last survey of preschool children in 2015. Studies have shown that behavior and income status can influence development of ECC. The aim of this study was to measure the caries prevalence among 2 – 5 years old preschool children and to study the association of parents’ socio behavioral factors on ECC. 140 preschool children participated in this study. Parents were given a set of structured questionnaires and oral examination was conducted on their children after receiving consent. Findings showed prevalence of dental caries was 50.1% with mean dft score of 2.51. There was significant association between dental caries and children drinking formula milk and sweet drinks in their bottles: (p<0.05). Children from lower income family and lower education level have significantly higher caries prevalence compared to those from more privileged family. Drinking pattern, family income and education level appear to be contributing factors towards development of ECC among this group of children. It is recommended that health promotion interventions be targeted towards the lower income group with emphasis on drinking pattern of the children
The potential natural predators of elaeidobius kamerunicus faust, 1878 (coleoptera: curculionidae) in Malaysia
No full textThe pollinating weevil Elaeidobius kamerunicus, Faust 1878 is one of the main pollinating weevils for oil palm, Elaeis guineensis. This pollinating insect was brought from Cameroon (West Africa) and introduced in Southeast Asia in 1981, thus replaced the inefficient assisted pollination processes, reduced assisted pollination cost, increase quality of fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) and obtains higher profits (Syed et al. 1982Basri et al. 1983). After a decade prior to the introduction of the pollinating weevil, there were a claimed that FFBs had declined tremendously causing several billion dollars lost in yearly revenue (Rao & Law 1998Kang 1999). Recently, there are even reports from plantation in Sarawak and Peninsular Malaysia of poor pollination and low fruit set (Teo 2015). The decline in yield has been associated with the decline in population and pollination efficiency of E. kamerunicus. Some probable cause was associated with predation, parasitism, disease and infection and also improper application of insecticides (Agus et al. 2014 and reference thereinNorman Kamarudin, pers comm)
- …
