1,720,965 research outputs found
Rapid Urban Growth and Change in Urban and Municipal Limits of Bahawalpur City, Pakistan: A Spatio-Periodical Discourse
Full text linkCities all around the world being crowded rapidly with accelerating urban growth and resultant urbanization particularly in developing countries. Currently, Bahawalpur City is also experiencing rapid urban growth and change in its urban and municipal limits. Therefore, the key objectives of this research were to overview the urban population growth with passage of time, expansion in urban area and resultant delimitations in municipal limits of the city. Data about population figures and spatial change have been derived from various sources including census reports, Tehsil Municipal Administration (TMA), Punjab Development statistics etc. Periodical urban growth of the city is divided into four phases characterized with notable events that geared up the urban growth; particularly the last phase has brought more rapid changes. The population of the city is also surging rapidly. Urban area of Bahawalpur City was extended from 4,308.40 acres in 1974 to 7,373.9 acres in 2010, and had caused substantial reduction in agricultural land area and significant addition in residential area. Resultantly, City’s municipal limits also have been altered and reclassified due to this urban stress and extended enormously with considerable fluctuations in agricultural and non-agricultural land area. Presently, City is continuously expanding outward, mostly in the form of housing colonies, roads, shops etc
Use of Geospatial Techniques in Monitoring Urban Expansion and Land Use Change Analysis: A Case of Lahore, Pakistan
Full text linkRapid urban expansion and resultant temporal land use changes have a profound effect on the city’s environment and its surroundings. Due to its significance, it is essential to evaluate the urban expansion patterns and land use change analysis of mega cities of the world. For land use change detection, multi-source & multi-temporal satellite images along with GIS & remote sensing (RS) techniques are significant aspects in analyzing urban expansion all over the world. In present study, two image data sets of the Landsat system in 7/ETM+ and 8/OLI modes, along with ground truthing data were utilized to examine the spatio-temporal dynamics of land use changes and assess the spatial patterns of urban expansion in Lahore, Pakistan from the year 2000 & 2014. Supervised classification using maximum likelihood algorithm has been carried out for land use classification andPost classification change detection technique was used to produce change detection map of the study area. The output land use and change detection map revealed that the areal expansion has been attributed due to loss of agricultural land and urban sprawl while major change in land use has taken place in built-up and agricultural areas. The results indicated that 40.81% of built-up area increased, while agricultural land has decline by -12.98% during the study period (2000-2014). Due to this the observed expansion of the city has been toward the South-east, South and South-west along with major roads. The results infer can provide better understanding and information about the past and current spatial dynamics of land use change in Lahore, Pakistan
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Types of Hospital Waste and Waste Generation Rate in Different Hospitals of Faisalabad City, Pakistan
Full text link Hospital waste has been one of the major problems in underdeveloped and developing countries in recent times. The present study is an attempt to analyze hospital waste generation of Faisalabad city. Forty four hospitals were selected out of which five were public, two were semi-government, six were trust and thirty one were private hospitals with a minimum capacity of ten beds. It was very difficult to acquire exact data related to the waste generated by hospitals as these health care centers were not following the international standards to handle waste generation. The primary data were collected through questionnaire, formal and informal meetings, interviews with the hospital staff and through personal observations. The secondary data were collected from the office of the Executive District Officer Health and Environment Protection | department, Faisalabad. Data analysis showed that about 7646 kg/day waste was generated by these hospitals out of which 6529 kg (85.40%) was non-infectious and 1117 kg (14.60%) was infectious waste. The government hospitals’ waste generation rate was 1.51 kg/bed/day, semi government 1.49 kg/bed/day, trust hospitals rate was 1.29 kg/bed/day and private hospitals 0.99 kg/bed/day. The overall waste generation rate of the hospitals of the study area was 1.28 kg/bed/day. It was recommended that the hospital staff must be trained to handle hospital waste so that the garbage should not create problems to human health.</jats:p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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