118 research outputs found
Evaluation of anxiety and depression in chronic liver disease patients.
No full textObjective: To evaluate the risk factors of anxiety and depression in chronic liver disease patientsMethodology: In this longitudinal study seven hundred fifty-five patients (mean age 51+ 5 years, 59% males). All the patients were suffering from chronic hepatitis B, chronic Hepatitis C, Alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty stomach disease. Questionnaires were included anxiety, using the Hamilton depressing rating scale (HDRS) and Hamilton anxiety scale (HARS), including socio-demographic, health status and family support. The criteria for inclusion in the study were having liver disease from last 15 months. Clinical functional and psychological assessments were performed.Results: In this study patients with depression was 59.3%, with anxiety 17.4% patients and both anxiety and depression were noted in 36.7% patients. After measuring and calculating all the variables score of depression and anxiety were recorded. A higher HDRS score was noted in patients older than 46 years (p=0.024). Patients with gastrointestinal bleeding had a prominent higher score of anxiety than those without bleeding (p=0.019). A higher HARS score was present in the women (p=0.011), unemployed patients (p=0.009) and those with alcoholic liver disease (p=0.006). There was direct correlation between the duration of disease and the value of HDRA and HARS score.Conclusion: In the chronic liver disease patients’ depression and anxiety are increasingly high with passage of time, gastrointestinal bleeding and unemployment. Increased prevalence of relax by patients are more likely to be due to the low acceptance of disease prognosis
غرائب القرآن کے فنی محاسن و مطالب (ایک تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ)
No full textShah Wali Allah initiated translation of the holy Qur'an into Persian in the subcontinent. Afterwards his son, Shah Rafi' al-Din translated the holy Qur'an into Urdu in verbatim. His other son Shah Abdul Qadir published his idiomatic Urdu translation of the holy Qur'an. Henceforth, in 1895, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan also translated some of its chapters. At the same time, Deputy Nazir Ahmad started translating the holy Qur'an and completed it in 1895. The translation was so popular that it got published more than ten times even in his life. The article presents a critical study of Deputy's translation of the holy Qur'an highlighting its qualities as well as weaknesses .
Tetraquark mass relations in quark and diquark models
No full textWe present new linear relations among the masses of S-wave tetraquarks with
either one flavour () or two (). Because the
relations are sensitive to the hidden-colour, spin, and spatial degrees of
freedom, comparison to experimental data can help to reveal the internal
structure of tetraquarks, and discriminate among different theoretical models.
Depending on the model, the relations are either exact, or valid in
perturbation theory, and a thorough comparison with existing literature
confirms their validity at the MeV level. Additionally, we explore the
connections among tetraquark models, and show how those with effective (quark
or diquark) masses are related to dynamical potential models. We also show how
the spectrum of diquark models is effectively a limiting case of (more general)
quark models, and in particular, that the diquark concept is most relevant in
the particular combination , where is much heavier than
.Comment: Published versio
Heavy quark spin partners of the Y ( 4260 ) in coupled-channel formalism
No full textThe charmoniumlike state Y(4260) is described as predominantly a D1¯D molecule in a coupled-channel quark model [Phys. Rev. D 96, 114022 (2017)]. The heavy quark spin symmetry (HQSS) thus implies the possible emergence of its heavy quark spin partners with molecular configurations as D1¯D∗ and D∗2¯D∗ below these charmed mesons’ thresholds. We analyze the probabilities of various intermediate charmed meson loops for JPC=1−− exotic state Y(4360) and find that the channel D1¯D∗ couples more strongly around its mass regime, and the coupling behavior remains the same even if the mass of Y(4360) is pushed closer to D1¯D∗ threshold. This enlightens that the most favorable molecular scenario for the Y(4360) could be D1¯D∗, and hence it can be interpreted as HQSS partner of the Y(4260). We also find the strong coupling behavior of D∗2¯D∗ channel with the ψ(4415), which makes it a good candidate for a dominant D∗2¯D∗ molecule. We discuss the important decay patterns of these resonances to disentangle their long- and short-distance structures
URDU-PRINCIPAL OF ISTIHSAN: ANALYTICAL STUDY OF FOUR AIMMA' S VIEWS
No full textIn case of solving the issues based upon the human necessities and expedients with reference to clear analogy or common rules, when such type of results appear which do not correspond with the universally accepted purposes of Sharia‘h due to the variety of occasions, consecutive new necessities and change of language and place so in this condition, leaving the common rules, the way which is adopted in the light of the Sharia‘h arguments to act upon these purposes, is called Istiḥsān (juristic preference).That in this way, under the purpose of Sharia‘h new order is declared Ḥasan or Mustaḥsan. So that the welfare may increase and Injuriousness may be thrown away. So that this command may become harmonious to divine wisdom. In this way, to search the purposes of Sharia‘h on the basis of the Sharia‘h arguments (The Holy Qur’ ān, Sunnah, Ijmā‘, Qiyās, Necessity, Expedient and Ūrf) is called Istiḥsān instead of following apparent words and shapes of the sources of Sharia‘h(The Holy Qur’ān, Sunnah, Ijmā‘, Qiyās). Istiḥsān searches the way to stabilize the justice in news circumstances and it encourages the flexibility and justice in law and judicial process. It finishes the gap between the law and social realities. Moreover it carries the mention worthy capability regarding the reformation and renewal of the law. There are seven types and some principles of Istiḥsān, which guide us towards the extraction of commands through Istiḥsān. Istiḥsān can only work when it is according to the principles stated by the scholars. The study is an effort to throw light on Istiḥsān, and its usage in different schools of Islamic Jurisprudence
نعت گوئی میں ریاض حسین چودھری کے کلام کا ادبی جائزہ
No full textIn Urdu literature Naa't had been a keen source of true relation and love with the Holy Prophet (S.A.W). Many great poets had written and recited Naa't both in Arabic and Persian in the love of the Holy Prophet. One of these most popular and legendary contemporary bets is Riaz Hussain Chaudhry. Almost 13 of his Naa't collections had been published yet. Here, in this article an analysis has been done of different aspects of his art and skill of Naa't writing. Besides, what status contemporary poets award him is also analysized in this article
Structure of tetraquarks and interpretation of LHC states
No full textMotivated by recent experimental evidence for apparent
states at LHCb, CMS and ATLAS, we consider how the mass spectrum and decays of
such states can be used to discriminate among their possible theoretical
interpretations, with a particular focus on identifying whether quarks or
diquarks are the most relevant degrees of freedom. Our preferred scenario is
that and its apparent partner state are the tensor
and scalar states of an S-wave multiplet of states. Using tetraquark mass relations which are independent of (or
only weakly dependent on) model parameters, we give predictions for the masses
of additional partner states with axial and scalar quantum numbers.
Additionally, we give predictions for relations among decay branching fractions
to , , and
channels. The scenario we consider is consistent with existing experimental
data on , and our predictions for partner states and their
decays can be confronted with future experimental data, to discriminate between
quark and diquark models
Hidden-Charm Decays: An Elegant Probe for Internal Structure
No full text Hadronic transitions are important decay modes of heavy quarkonia and serve as an elegant probe for the internal structure. Several remarkable discoveries have been made to identify the conventional heavy quarkonia and to extract useful information about the so called “XYZ” exotic states. We studied the hadronic transitions of higher charmonia in the framework of our recently proposed effective model to create light meson(s) in heavy quarkonium transitions. In this contribution, we discuss our results for the charmonium-[Formula: see text] decays of higher [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] wave vector charmonia. We also discuss quantum number [Formula: see text] assignments for few experimentally observed charmoniumlike states. </jats:p
Spectroscopy of the hidden-charm [ q c ] [ q ¯ c ¯ ] and [ s c ] [ s ¯ c ¯ ] tetraquarks in the relativized diquark model
No full textWe calculate the spectrum of q¯qc¯c and s¯sc¯c tetraquarks, where q, s, and c stand for light (u, d), strange, and charm quarks, respectively, in a relativized diquark model, characterized by one-gluon-exchange plus confining potential. In the diquark model, a q¯qc¯c (s¯sc¯c) tetraquark configuration is made up of a heavy-light diquark, qc (sc), and anti-diquark, ¯q¯c (¯s¯c). According to our results, 13 charmonium-like observed states can be accommodated in the tetraquark picture, both in the hidden-charm (q¯qc¯c) and hidden-charm hidden-strange (s¯sc¯c) sectors
Fear Risk transmission to AI Stocks, Tokens and Energy Investments: Connectedness in pre and post availability of COVID-19 Vaccine
No full textThe study aims to explore the COVID-19 risk transmission to AI, Tokens, AI stocks, and Fossil fuels during the vaccine non-availability and availability periods using the extended GFI. The outcomes of the GARCH-BEKK model reveal that lag shocks in the extended GFI significantly enhance the conditional volatility of FET-Fetch in both pre- and post-vaccine periods, and also enhance the conditional volatilities of Ocean-protocol, AMZN-Amazon, and all fossil fuel markets in the post-vaccine period. However, AGIX-Singularity NET and MSFT-Microsoft remain unaffected during both periods. With the application of the TVP-VAR model, the study uncovers the extent of connectedness. Similar spillovers are observed between GFI and AI tokens, AI stocks, and fossil fuel markets. The risk transmission character of such investments helps investors to avoid uncertainties during trading. The connectedness of GFI with AI tokens, stocks, and fossil fuel investments may uncover diversification opportunities for investors, especially during ups and downs in markets
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