127 research outputs found
Hydraulic simulations to evaluate and predict design and operation of the Chashma Right Bank Canal
Get PDFIrrigation systems / Irrigation canals / Flow control / Velocity / Canal regulation techniques / Hydraulics / Simulation models / Design / Operations / Crop-based irrigation / Distributary canals / Water delivery / Policy / Protective irrigation / Water allocation / Water requirements / Sedimentation / Water distribution / Equity / Water conveyance / Pakistan / Chashma Right Bank Canal
PRINCIPLES, NORMS AND STRATEGIES OF THE US GLOBAL CYBERSPACE GOVERNANCE
Get PDFThis study examines the United States\u27 (US) approach to global cyber governance, including the principles, strategies, and norms the US intends to promote in cyberspace. This also discusses why the US is unwilling to share cyberspace governance with other great powers. While utilizing the official policies and strategies of the US as primary sources, this study identifies that the core principles of US cyber governance encompass a free and open internet, a multi-stakeholder approach, collaboration with allies, and maintaining a stable and secure digital landscape. However, it is criticised for its approach to data privacy, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) control, mass surveillance programs against foes and allies, and its disagreement with other states on cyberspace governance.
Bibliography Entry
Ashraf, Nageen and Muhammad Nadeem Mirza. 2025. "Principles, Norms and Strategies of the US Global Cyberspace Governance." Margalla Papers 29 (1): 41-54
Remittances and Poverty Linkages in Pakistan: Evidence and Some Suggestions for Further Analysis
Get PDFGlobal remittances experienced a dramatic increase over the years, particularly since 1990 wherein the developing world emerged to be the major beneficiary accounting for 60 percent of the total amount. Because of the sheer volume, and magnitude of the remittances, and pre-eminence of these flows compared to the FDIs, development assistance and in some cases the trade related transactions, the development practitioners tended to focus and investigate the importance of remittances which are generally regarded as a dependable source for growth, improved welfare and poverty alleviation in the developing world. Given the fact that remittances flows entail wide ranging ramifications both for sending as well as receiving countries, difficult to be generalised, hence empirical evidence has been mounted though lack of consensus is visible.
Contribution of Services Sector in the Economy of Pakistan
Get PDFThe services sector has provided steady support to Pakistan’s economic growth. It share in GDP now stands a more than 50 percent. The paper analyses its continuation in the growth of the economy in general and the development of trade and genera tion of employment in particular. The study identifies the bottlenecks in its growth and suggest measures to remove them. A set of policy reforms has been suggested to make the sector more effective in the growth of the national economy.Services Sector, Industry, Employment, Financial Institutions and Pakistan’s Economy
Poverty Dynamics of Female-headed Households in Pakistan: Evidence from PIHS 2000-01 and PSLM 2004-05
Get PDFThe paper attempts to empirically test a naïve version of what is rather stylistically termed as “feminisation of poverty”, using the sub-sample of female -headed households (FHHs) from two household surveys in Pakistan. Although, the database is constrained by quality factors and small sample size, the following findings add to the richness of current research in this area: (a) The numerical incidence of poverty among households headed by females is less than that for all households in the country, at the national, urban and rural level for both the years. This can be traced to the finding that more than 70 percent of households headed by females receive remittances, (b) The incidence of poverty among FHHs during the period 2000-01 to 2004-05 did not decline as fast as it did for mixed households, nationwide. In urban areas, it did not decline at all, (c) Among the determinants of poverty of FHHs, illiteracy, dependency and rural residence exacerbate poverty, while remittances domestic and/ or foreign reduce poverty, (d) The dynamics of incidence of poverty among FHHs during the period indicated that Illiteracy as the factor exacerbating poverty became less important in 2004-05. Moreover, residence in rural areas was also a weaker factor in determining the incidence of poverty. By far the most notable contribution in reducing the incidence of poverty was self-employment in agriculture in 2004-05.
Determinants of the American Foreign Policy towards Pakistan
No full textCette étude vise à identifier les facteurs ou déterminants de la politique étrangère américaine envers le Pakistan. Les relations pakistano-américaines affectent la vie de millions de personnes dans le monde, ce qui établit l'importance de cette étude. Le Pakistan occupe une position vitale dans le dispositif américain de politique étrangère en raison de la guerre en cours contre le terrorisme mais aussi des desseins américains dans la région de l'Asie du Sud. Le paradigme théorique réaliste néoclassique et la théorie de la prise de décision ont été choisis pour la réalisation de l'étude. Deux catégories de déterminants de la politique étrangère américaine envers le Pakistan ont été identifiées. Tout d'abord, les déterminants au niveau de l’individu et de l'Etat, comprenant l’intérêt national américain dans la région, l’amoralité, la politique intérieure et les acteurs, le leadership, et la promotion de la démocratie au Pakistan. En second lieu, les déterminants aux niveaux régional et international d'analyse, à savoir l'importance géostratégique du Pakistan, les armes nucléaires du Pakistan, la considération de puissance, le facteur indien, l'Afghanistan et la guerre contre le terrorisme. L'étude conclut que la méfiance endémique prévaudra parmi les alliés, mais que ses effets négatifs seront atténués par les considérations géostratégiques de la région.This study intended to find out the factors or determinants that shape the American foreign policy towards Pakistan. Pak-US relations affect the lives of millions of the people around the globe, thus establishing the importance of the study. Pakistan holds a vital position with the American foreign policy dispositions because of: the ongoing war against terrorism, and the American grand designs in the South Asian region. Neoclassical realism as the theoretical paradigm, and the lenses of poliheuristic theory of decision-making were used for the conduct of the study. Two categories of the determinants of the American foreign policy towards Pakistan were pointed out. First, Individual and State level determinants, comprising the American national interest in the region, amoralism, domestic politics and actors, leadership, and democracy promotion in Pakistan. Second, determinants lying at Regional and International level of analysis, namely: the geostrategic importance of Pakistan, Pakistan’s nuclear weapons, power considerations, the Indian factor, Afghanistan and the War against terrorism. The study concludes that the endemic mistrust will prevail among the allies, but that its negative effects will be mitigated by the geostrategic considerations in the region
Les déterminants de politique étrangère américaine envers le Pakistan
No full textCette étude vise à identifier les facteurs ou déterminants de la politique étrangère américaine envers le Pakistan. Les relations pakistano-américaines affectent la vie de millions de personnes dans le monde, ce qui établit l'importance de cette étude. Le Pakistan occupe une position vitale dans le dispositif américain de politique étrangère en raison de la guerre en cours contre le terrorisme mais aussi des desseins américains dans la région de l'Asie du Sud. Le paradigme théorique réaliste néoclassique et la théorie de la prise de décision ont été choisis pour la réalisation de l'étude. Deux catégories de déterminants de la politique étrangère américaine envers le Pakistan ont été identifiées. Tout d'abord, les déterminants au niveau de l’individu et de l'Etat, comprenant l’intérêt national américain dans la région, l’amoralité, la politique intérieure et les acteurs, le leadership, et la promotion de la démocratie au Pakistan. En second lieu, les déterminants aux niveaux régional et international d'analyse, à savoir l'importance géostratégique du Pakistan, les armes nucléaires du Pakistan, la considération de puissance, le facteur indien, l'Afghanistan et la guerre contre le terrorisme. L'étude conclut que la méfiance endémique prévaudra parmi les alliés, mais que ses effets négatifs seront atténués par les considérations géostratégiques de la région.This study intended to find out the factors or determinants that shape the American foreign policy towards Pakistan. Pak-US relations affect the lives of millions of the people around the globe, thus establishing the importance of the study. Pakistan holds a vital position with the American foreign policy dispositions because of: the ongoing war against terrorism, and the American grand designs in the South Asian region. Neoclassical realism as the theoretical paradigm, and the lenses of poliheuristic theory of decision-making were used for the conduct of the study. Two categories of the determinants of the American foreign policy towards Pakistan were pointed out. First, Individual and State level determinants, comprising the American national interest in the region, amoralism, domestic politics and actors, leadership, and democracy promotion in Pakistan. Second, determinants lying at Regional and International level of analysis, namely: the geostrategic importance of Pakistan, Pakistan’s nuclear weapons, power considerations, the Indian factor, Afghanistan and the War against terrorism. The study concludes that the endemic mistrust will prevail among the allies, but that its negative effects will be mitigated by the geostrategic considerations in the region
Collaboration compétitive sino-russe pour la sphère d'influence de l'Asie centrale
No full textInternational audienceWith the signing of several lucrative deals on oil, gas, currency, and other bilateral and multilateral arrangements, Sino-Russian relations over the last three decades have reached unprecedented levels. However, as China begins to translate its economic influence in Central Asia into political one, Russia started feeling uneasy about losing its traditional sphere of influence in its 'Near-Abroad.' After the unveiling of 'One Belt One Road' (OBOR) initiative in 2013, President Putin, a year later, announced the 'Eurasian Economic Union' (EAEU). This was a calculated geopolitical decision on the part of Russia to rescue Central Asia from falling entirely in the Chinese sphere of influence. Against this backdrop, the regional order invites a deep sense of mistrust because there is a lack of realization on the part of both states as to where one's limits end and the other's begin. In the light of these developments, this study endeavors to address the question that why is Russia allowing China to expand its influence in Central Asia despite the growing economic asymmetry between them and what are the areas of convergence and divergence between them? The study hypothesizes that China and Russia have adopted the policy of competitive collaboration-cooperation where there exists convergence and competition when it comes to divergence of interests-in Central Asia.Avec la signature de plusieurs accords lucratifs sur le pétrole, le gaz, la monnaie et d'autres accords bilatéraux et multilatéraux, les relations sino-russes au cours des trois dernières décennies ont atteint des niveaux sans précédent. Cependant, alors que la Chine commence à traduire son influence économique en Asie centrale en une influence politique, la Russie a commencé à se sentir mal à l'aise de perdre sa sphère d'influence traditionnelle dans son « Near-Abroad ». Après le dévoilement de l'initiative « One Belt One Road » (OBOR) en 2013, le président Poutine, un an plus tard, a annoncé l'« Union économique eurasienne » (EAEU). Il s'agissait d'une décision géopolitique calculée de la part de la Russie pour éviter que l'Asie centrale ne tombe entièrement dans la sphère d'influence chinoise. Dans ce contexte, l'ordre régional invite à un profond sentiment de méfiance parce qu'il y a un manque de prise de conscience de la part des deux États quant à l'endroit où s'arrêtent les limites de l'un et où commencent celles de l'autre. A la lumière de ces évolutions, cette étude s'attache à répondre à la question : pourquoi la Russie permet-elle à la Chine d'étendre son influence en Asie centrale malgré l'asymétrie économique croissante entre elles et quelles sont les zones de convergence et de divergence entre elles ? L'étude fait l'hypothèse que la Chine et la Russie ont adopté la politique de collaboration concurrentielle-coopération là où il existe une convergence et une concurrence lorsqu'il s'agit de divergence d'intérêts-en Asie centrale
Les 3 C du cyberespace et du Pakistan : cybercriminalité, cyberterrorisme et cyberguerre
No full textInternational audienceThis qualitative exploratory and embedded case study deliberates the nature of 3-Cs of cyberspace ─ cybercrime, cyber terrorism, cyber warfare ─ against Pakistan. What is the nature of mentioned threats associated with cyberspace and how are they impacting the state and society in Pakistan. How Pakistan has been dealing with these threats related to its cyberspace. While taking cue from cyber realism which provides the basic lens to conduct this research this study notes that states and state-sponsored individuals, groups and organisations remain the main actors in the cyberspace who are active against each other. The perception that the cyberspace has diminished the role of state is an exaggeration. States still are the most important actors in the cyber world order animated by the typical great power politics. Pakistan remained a prime target of the cybercrimes, cyber-terrorism, and cyber warfare launched by the regional and extra-regional states. Though it has implemented the Prevention of Electronic Crime Act (PECA) and passed National Cyber Policy, yet it still has to go a long way in order to protect itself against the 3-Cs of the cyberspace.Cette étude de cas qualitative exploratoire et intégrée délibère sur la nature des 3-C du cyberespace ─ cybercriminalité, cyberterrorisme, cyberguerre ─ contre le Pakistan. Quelle est la nature des menaces mentionnées associées au cyberespace et quel est leur impact sur l'État et la société au Pakistan. Comment le Pakistan a fait face à ces menaces liées à son cyberespace. Tout en s'inspirant du cyberréalisme qui fournit la lentille de base pour mener cette recherche, cette étude note que les États et les individus, groupes et organisations parrainés par l'État restent les principaux acteurs du cyberespace qui s'activent les uns contre les autres. La perception que le cyberespace a diminué le rôle de l'État est une exagération. Les États sont toujours les acteurs les plus importants de l'ordre cybermondial animé par la politique typique des grandes puissances. Le Pakistan est resté une cible privilégiée des cybercrimes, du cyberterrorisme et de la cyberguerre lancés par les États régionaux et extrarégionaux. Bien qu'il ait mis en œuvre la loi sur la prévention de la criminalité électronique (PECA) et adopté la politique nationale sur la cybersécurité, il lui reste encore beaucoup à faire pour se protéger contre les 3-C du cyberespace
Pathological Response Rate with Neoadjuvant Treatment with or without Pertuzumab in Patients with Stage II and III HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: A Single-Center Study
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