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MAQASID SYARI’AH DALAM INTERFERENSI USUL AL-FIQH DAN TEOLOGI ABAD VI HIJRIAH: STUDI PEMIKIRAN FAKHRUDDIN AR-RAZI DAN SAIFUDDIN AL-AMIDI
Get PDFThis study examines the maqaṣid as-syari‘ah in the interference between uṣul al-fiqh and theology in the thought of ar-Razi and al-Amidi. Within the tradition of Islamic studies, maqaṣid in the discourse of uṣul al-fiqh is often positioned as a theory focused solely on Islamic law, without linking it to other disciplines. This research seeks to demonstrate that the maqaṣid discourse emerged as a response to theological debates and tensions. The interplay between theology and uṣul al-fiqh in discussing maqaṣid is constructive and negotiative. The primary objectives of this research are to explore how ar-Razi and al-Amidi conceptualized maqaṣid, how theological interference influenced the structure of their uṣul al-fiqh, and why this interference occurred. To achieve these objectives, this study adopts an integrative perspective (naẓrah takamuliah) proposed by Ṭaha ‘Abdurrahman.
The research reveals that the maqaṣid framework in ar-Razi’s al-Maḥṣul and al-Amidi’s al-Iḥkam reflects their expertise in both uṣul al-fiqh and theology. The dual structure of uṣul al-fiqh and theology shaped their concepts of maqaṣid, particularly in the discussions on munasabah and ta‘lil bil ḥikmah. Ar-Razi, adhering to his theological principles, rejected the application of ḥikmah in ta‘lil due to concerns about subjectivity, whereas al-Amidi accepted ḥikmah within observable and measurable limits. Nevertheless, both agreed that the public interest (maṣlaḥah) is a necessity in Islamic law, illustrating a strong connection between Islamic law and divine will. This study highlights an ontological framework rooted in theology, encompassing the concepts of divine will, public interest, Allah's attribute as al-Ḥakim, the reasoning behind Allah's actions (ta‘lil), and the concepts of good and evil (taḥsin wa taqbiḥ). This theological construction transitions into uṣul al-fiqh through maqaṣid, integrating values of wisdom (ḥikmah), public interest (maṣlaḥah), and justice (‘adalah) as manifestations of divine will (al-iradah al-ilahiyah). This integration ensures the perfection of Islamic law (iktimal al-aḥkam). Neglecting theological aspects in maqaṣid risks undermining its authority, allowing biased legal interpretations, and detaching scholarly discourse from its transcendental roots. This research concludes that the integration of theology into maqaṣid serves two primary purposes: the dialectical closeness (at-taqrib at-tadawuli) between theology and uṣul al-fiqh in maqaṣid, and explaining the relational connection between law and divine will
PENENTUAN ‘ILLAT HUKUM DENGAN HIKMAH DALAM QIYAS (STUDI KOMPARATIF PEMIKIRAN IMAM AR-RAZI DAN IMAM AL-AMIDI)
Get PDFPara ulama usul fiqh berbeda pendapat mengenai ta’lilul ahkam bil hikmah
(pencarian ‘illat hukum dengan hikmah). Mayoritas ulama mengatakan bahwa hikmah
tidak bisa menjadi illat karena sifatnya yang goiru mundobit. Imam ar-Razi
menguatkan pendapat mayoritas dengan alasan bahwa hikmah itu majhulatul qodri
(sulit diukur). Berbeda dari mayoritas, Imam al-Amidi menerima hikmah sebagai illat
namun membatasi pada hikmah yang zahir (jelas) dan mundobit (akurat). Penulis
tertarik untuk meneliti lebih komprehensif terhadap persamaan dan perbedaan hikmah
sebagai illat Imam ar-Razi dan Imam al-Amidi. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini
setidaknya ada dua; Bagaimana pemikiran hikmah sebagai illat hukum Imam ar-Razi
dan Imam al-Amidi ? Bagaimana persamaan dan perbedaan serta implikasinya terhadap
istinbat hukum?
Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan metode
kepustakaan (library research) dengan analisis komparatif yakni dengan menggunakan
data penelitian dari karya Imam ar-Razi dan Imam al-Amidi sebagai bahan data utama
serta data lain yang berkaitan dengan pembahasan. Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan
adalah pendekatan usul al-fiqh, yaitu cara pendekatan permasalahan yang diteliti
berdasarkan kerangka teori ‘illat dan hikmah hukum dalam usul fiqh. Penelitian ini
dilakukan dengan cara mengkaji dan menganalisis konsep‘illat dan hikmah hukum
menurut Imam ar-Razi dan Imam al-Amidi dan bagaimana kedua tokoh tersebut
mengaplikasikan konsep ‘illat dan hikmah hukum dalam menetapkan suatu persoalan
hukum. Kemudian data diolah dengan dianalisis secara komparatif persamaan dan
perbedaannya.
Hasil Penelitian ini menghasilkan dua poin sebagaimana berikut. Poin pertama,
Imam ar-Razi menolak hikmah untuk dijadikan sebagai ‘illat dengan alasan hikmah itu
majhulatu al-qodri dan tabi’atun li al-hukm. Sementara Imam al-Amidi berpandangan
bahwa hukum ketika beriringan dengan sifat zohir mundobit mengandung hikmah
khofiyyah. Poin kedua, persamaan dari kedua pemikiran kedua tokoh ini adalah samasama
menolak ta’lilul ahkam bi al-hikmah. Argumentasi yang sama adalah hikmah itu
sulit dicari dan juga bersifat abstrak. Dari segi perbedaan dapat dilihat dari tiga aspek.
Dari aspek metode Imam ar-Razi selalu menolak pendapat-pendapat yang Mu’tazilah
secara mutlak. Sementara Imam al-Amidi tidak menyampaikan kritikan, terhadap
pendapat yang menerima secara mutlak dan menolak secara mutlak. Dari segi
pemikiran Imam ar-Razi menolak secara mutlak semua jenis hikmah. Sedangkan Imam
al-Amidi menerima hikmah yang zahirah mundobithoh. Dari segi implikasinya, dalam
kasus penukaran barang yang hikmahnya adalah daf’ul masyaqqah (menolak kesulitan)
dari kebutuhan-kebutuhan manusia. Imam ar-Razi menolak hikmah ini menjadi illat
sedangkan Imam al-Amidi bisa menjadi selagi hikmah ini mundobithoh
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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