7 research outputs found
Perancangan Sistem Pengukuran, Pengendalian, dan Akuisisi Data Menggunakan Arduino dengan Antarmuka WinForms. Studi Kasus: Temperatur
No full textResearch was conducted to develop a data acquisition and control system using Arduino on a Windows operating system based on a Graphical User Interface (GUI). The data acquisition system can store measurement results data which can be used for analysis of the control system. The devices used are an Arduino type Mega 2560 microcontroller and a K type thermocouple using the MAX6675 driver. The GUI was created in the C# programming language using the WinForms application. Data acquisition is carried out using an Arduino device connected to a computer via a USB connection. The control system works by regulating the water heater connected to the relay by Arduino using the setpoint value on the GUI. The data acquisition and control system is designed using PID control mode with parameters Kp = 1.189159, Ki = 2.038558, and Kd = 0.173419. Based on the experimental results, the PID control mode has the smallest error value, namely 871.7 using the IAE method and 402,457 using the ITAE method.Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengembangkan sistem akuisisi data dan kontrol menggunakan Arduino pada sistem operasi windows berbasis Graphical User Interface (GUI). Sistem akuisisi data dapat menyimpan data hasil pengukuran yang dapat digunakan untuk analisis terhadap sistem kontrol. Perangkat yang digunakan berupa mikrokontroler Arduino tipe Mega 2560 dan termokopel tipe K menggunakan driver MAX6675. GUI dibuat dengan bahasa program C# menggunakan aplikasi WinForms. Akuisisi data dilakukan menggunakan perangkat Arduino yang terhubung dengan komputer melalui koneksi USB. Sistem pengendalian bekerja dengan cara mengatur water heater yang terhubung ke relay oleh Arduino menggunakan nilai setpoint pada GUI. Sistem akuisisi data dan kontrol dirancang menggunakan mode kontrol PID dengan parameter Kp = 1,189159, Ki = 2,038558, dan Kd = 0,173419. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan, mode kontrol PID memiliki nilai kesalahan terkecil yaitu sebesar 871,7 dengan metode IAE dan 402.457 menggunakan metode ITAE
Cellulose and lignin purified from Metroxylon sagu palm fronds by a new technology with 2-methylanthraquinone cooking and peroxymonosulfuric acid bleaching
No full textAbstract The demand for high-purity cellulose, optimization of wood utilization, and environmentally friendly processes has increased in dissolving pulp (DP) production. Sago palm fronds (SPF), an abundant agricultural waste in Indonesia, hold great potential as a raw material for cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin production. This study aimed to explore the production of from SPF by employing a combination of prehydrolysis, soda cooking with 2-methylanthraquinone (MAQ) as a green additive (PHS-MAQ), and totally chlorine-free (TCF) bleaching with peroxymonosulfuric acid (Psa). Furthermore, lignin was recovered from the black liquor of PHS-MAQ. The results showed that prehydrolysis at 150 ºC for 3 h, followed by soda-MAQ cooking at 160 ºC for 1.5 h using 0.03% of MAQ, 23% active alkali (AA), and a five-stage bleaching with oxygen (O), Psa, alkaline extraction with hydrogen peroxide (Ep), Psa, and Ep successfully produced high-purity cellulose as DP, with properties of 94.3% α-cellulose content, 89.9% ISO brightness (SNI ISO 2470–1:2016), 9.1 cP viscosity, and 0.13% ash content. Moreover, the soda-MAQ cooking method exhibited superior delignification compared to prehydrolysis kraft (PHK) and prehydrolysis soda (PHS) processes in a range of kappa numbers of 9.4–22.6 at 17–25% AA. The inclusion of MAQ increased pulp yields by 4.6–4.9% and decreased kappa number by 1.6–3.1 compared to the PHS without additives at similar AA. Lignin was separated from the PHS-MAQ, with yields of 69–77%. This work demonstrated the suitability of SPF processed by PHS-MAQ cooking and Psa bleaching for the preparation of viscose rayon and cellulose derivatives. The lignin recovery could be an attractive biorefinery process in modern pulp mills
ESKALASI AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES: PEMBERDAYAAN USAHATANI PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT BAGI PETANI SWADAYA
No full textArtikel ini mengkaji peran koperasi pertanian dalam pemberdayaan petani swadaya kelapa sawit di Kabupaten Pelalawan, Riau. Tujuan utama pengabdian ini adalah meningkatkan kapasitas petani swadaya dalam memenuhi persyaratan administrasi dan keberlanjutan, seperti STDB (Surat Tanda Daftar Budidaya) dan SPPL (Surat Pernyataan Kesanggupan Pengelolaan dan Pemantauan Lingkungan Hidup). Program ini juga bertujuan memperkuat kolaborasi antara petani dan aktor terkait melalui model Penta Helix untuk mendukung keberlanjutan perkebunan. Metode yang digunakan termasuk pelatihan partisipatif, pendidikan, dan fasilitasi akses informasi serta teknologi, melibatkan pemerintah, perguruan tinggi, dan LSM dengan menggunakan pendekatan Agricultural Cooperatives Hasilnya menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam pemahaman dan partisipasi petani swadaya, serta kolaborasi yang memperkuat keberlanjutan usaha perkebunan. Saran meliputi pengembangan pendampingan teknis dan akses teknologi, serta dukungan kebijakan pemerintah untuk mempermudah proses administrasi dan sertifikasi
Pengaruh Kondisi Proses Terhadap Yield dan Kadar Lignin Pulp dari Pelepah Sawit dengan Proses Asam Formiat
No full textFormic acid pulping of oil palm frond was conducted to study the influence of process variables (formic acid concentration, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and pulping time) on the properties of pulp produced (yield pulp and lignin content). A second order polynomial model consisiting of three independent process variables was found to accurately describe the formic acid pulping of oil palm frond. The propose equations reproduce the experimental results for the dependent variables with erros less than 5% for both yield dan lignin content. The most influential factor on yield pulp was formic acid concentration. Whereas, the cooking time has greater influence on lignin content.
Keywords: formic acid, lingocelulose, pulping, pulp organosolv, oil palm frond
Pengaruh Kondisi Proses Terhadap Yield dan Kadar Lignin Pulp dari Pelepah Sawit dengan Proses Asam Formiat
No full textFormic acid pulping of oil palm frond was conducted to study the influence of process variables (formic acid concentration, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and pulping time) on the properties of pulp produced (yield pulp and lignin content). A second order polynomial model consisiting of three independent process variables was found to accurately describe the formic acid pulping of oil palm frond. The propose equations reproduce the experimental results for the dependent variables with erros less than 5% for both yield dan lignin content. The most influential factor on yield pulp was formic acid concentration. Whereas, the cooking time has greater influence on lignin content.Keywords: formic acid, lingocelulose, pulping, pulp organosolv, oil palm frond
Effect of Coulomb interactions on optoelectronic and magnetic properties of novel A2V2O7 (A= Fe and Co) compounds
No full textOptické a magnetické vlastnosti A2V2O2 (A = Fe a Co) sloučeniny jsou zkoumány. Teorie hustotního funkcionálu (DFT) v rámci rámec metody FPLAPW (plný potenciál Linearizované rozšířená roviny vlny), jakož i zobecněné přechodové aproximace plus Hubbard parametr (GGA+U) a Hubbard onsite Coulombův interakce oprav jsou aplikovat. U je vyhodnocena, za předpokladu, že omezení zobecněné přechodové aproximace pro přechodné kovy Fe/Co a V. Vypočtené kapela struktury pro Fe dopovaného sloučeniny ukazují kovové povahy, zatímco pro Co dopované pozorujeme polovinu metalicita vlastnit 100 % rotace polarizace v okolí Fermi úroveň. Vliv Fe/Co a V magnetický moment (mB) na elektronické, magnetické a optické vlastnosti se zabývá detaily navíc. Optické konstanty odhalit silnou reakci na A2V2O2 (A = Fe a Co) v regionech UV (ultrafialový) a IR (infračervené oblasti).Optical and magnetic features of the A2V2O2 (A = Fe and Co) compounds are explored. Density functional theory (DFT) within a framework of FPLAPW (full-potential linearized augmented plane wave) method, as well as generalized gradient approximation plus the Hubbard parameter (GGA+U) and Hubbard onsite Coulomb interaction corrections are applied. U is evaluated assuming constraint generalized gradient approximation for transition metals Fe/Co and V. The calculated band structures for the Fe doped compounds demonstrate the metallic nature while for the Co doped we observe half metallicity possessing 100% spin polarization in the vicinity of the Fermi level. The influence of Fe/Co and V magnetic moment (mB) on the electronic, magnetic and optical features is explored in details additionally. The optical constants reveal the strong response for A2V2O2 (A = Fe and Co) in the IR (infra-red region) and UV (Ultra Violet) regions
Maximising resource recovery from wastewater grown microalgae and primary sludge in an anaerobic membrane co-digestion pilot plant coupled to a composting process
No full text[EN] A pilot-scale microalgae (Chlorella spp.) and primary sludge anaerobic co-digestion (ACoD) plant was run for one year in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) at 35 °C, 70 d solids retention time and 30 d hydraulic retention time, showing high stability in terms of pH and VFA concentration. The plant achieved a high degree of microalgae and primary sludge substrate degradation, resulting in a methane yield of 370 mLCH4·gVSinf¿1. Nutrient-rich effluent streams (685 mgN·L¿1 and 145 mgP·L¿1 in digestate and 395 mgNH4-N·L¿1 and 37 mgPO4-P·L¿1 in permeate) were obtained, allowing posterior nutrient recovery. Ammonium was recovered from the permeate as ammonia sulphate through a hydrophobic polypropylene hollow fibre membrane contactor, achieving 99% nitrogen recovery efficiency. However, phosphorus recovery through processes such as struvite precipitation was not applied since only 26% of the phosphate was available in the effluent. Composting process of the digestate coming from the ACoD pilot plant was assessed on laboratory-scale Dewar reactors, as was the conventional sludge compost from an industrial WWTP digestion process, obtaining similar values from both. Sanitised (free of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp.) and stable compost (respirometric index at 37 °C below 0.5 mgO 2 g organic matter¿1·h¿1) was obtained from both sludges.This research work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science
and Innovation (Projects CTM 2014-54980-C2-1-R and CTM 2014-
54980-C2-2-R) jointly with the European Regional Development Fund
(ERDF), which are gratefully acknowledged. It was also supported by the
Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation via a pre/doctoral FPI
fellowship to the first author (BES-2015-071884, Project CTM 2014-
54980-C2-1-R). Technical support from the Entidad Pública de Saneamiento de Aguas Residuales de la Comunidad Valenciana is also gratefully
acknowledged.Serna-García, R.; Ruiz-Barriga, P.; Noriega-Hevia, G.; Serralta Sevilla, J.; Paches Giner, MAV.; Bouzas, A. (2021). Maximising resource recovery from wastewater grown
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