1,689 research outputs found
Nilai Dakwah yang Terkandung dalam Surah Ali-Imran Ayat 159; Studi Komparatif Tafsir al-Azhar Karya H.Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah dan Tafsir al-Mishbah Karya Muhammad Quraish Shihab
No full textTulisan ini membahas tentang nilai-nilai dakwah yang terkandung dalam surat Ali Imran ayat 159 menurut tafsir Tafsir al-Azhar Karya H.Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah dan Tafsir al-Mishbah Karya Muhammad Quraish Shihab. Metode kajian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif-kualitatif dengan teknik analisis data analisis isi (content analyisis) dan komparasi. Hasil kajian ini adalah ada empat nilai dakwah yang terkandung dalam surat Ali Imran ayat 159, yaitu sikap lemah lembut, pemaaf, bermusyawarah dan bertawakal. Dalam kaitannya dengan tafsir ayat ini, ada persamaan dan perbedaan yang ditemukan antara Hamka dan Quraish Shihab, keduanya sama-sama menyatakan bahwa sikap lemah lembut itu merupakan anugerah dari Allah, tapi Quraish Shihab mengelaborasi lebih jauh bahwa sifat tersebut sudah terbentuk sejak dini pada diri Nabi sementara Hamka tidak menguraikannya. Demikian pula dalam memahami konsep musyawarah, penafsiran Quraish Shihab jauh lebih kontekstual ketimbang Hamka
Genetic Divergence in Brassica napus L. Germplasm as Determined by Quantitative Attributes
No full textBrassica napus L., a candidate with high yield and good quality oil potential was evaluated for genetic divergence for
two years on two locations. A collection of 328 lines belonging to various origins along with a check variety Faisal Canola
was sown in the field following augmented design and phenotyped for eighteen quantitative traits. The recorded data when
statistically analyzed inferred that, days to flower initiation, 50 % flowering, flower completion, 50 % maturity were main
contributors of variations in the germplasm and were highly related with pod dehiscence and yield. Furthermore, BN328,
BN371, BN494, BN618, BN625 and BN627 were found diverse lines in both years. The outcomes from this study are very
helpful to proceed for any Oilseed rape breeding programs to improve yield
Microwave-assisted synthesis and characterization of polyoxyalkylene block copolymers
No full textDiese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der mikrowellenunterstützten ringöffnenden Polymerisation von Alkylenoxiden. Di- und Multiblock-Copolymere von Alkylenoxiden wurden synthetisiert und mit Hilfe verschiedener chromatographischer Techniken (Größenausschluß-Chromatographie = SEC, Flüssigkeitschomatographie under kritischen Bedingungen = LCCC und Adsorptions-Chromatographie = LAC) charakterisiert. Als zweiter Schritt der Charakterisierung wurde LCCC mit verschiedenen chromatographischen sowie mit spektroskopischen Techniken (MALDI-TOF-MS) gekoppelt. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß die Kombination verschiedener Techniken (verschiedene Modi der Chromatographie wie SEC, LCCC und LAC einerseits und Spektroskopie andererseits (MALDI-TOF-MS) Information liefert, die mit den einzelnen Methoden allein nicht erhalten werden kann. Die Produkte bilden in Wasser Mizellen mit Core-Shell Struktur. Die Struktur dieser Mizellen wurde mit Hilfe der dynamischen Lichtstreuung (DLS) und Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung (SAXS) untersucht.Microwave-assisted anionic ring-opening polymerization of alkylene oxides is reported in this thesis. Polyoxyalkylene di- and multi-block copolymers were synthesized and characterized by using different chromatographic techniques (size exclusion chromatography, liquid chromatography under critical conditions and liquid adsorption chromatography). As a second step in characterization LCCC was hyphenated with different chromatographic techniques as well as spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF-MS). It has been shown that combination of different techniques (different modes of chromatography like SEC, LCCC and LAC and spectroscopy like MALDI-TOF-MS) give information, which was not possible by using a single technique. The products self-assemble in water to make core-shell type structures called micelles. The structural analysis of self-assembled micelles was done by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).by Muhammad Imran MalikAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersGraz, Univ., Diss., 200
Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm Based Relevance Feedback Approach for Image Retrieval
No full textSearching images from the large image databases is one of the potential research areas of multimedia research. The most challenging task for nay CBIR system is to capture the high level semantic of user. The researchers of multimedia domain are trying to fix this issue with the help of Relevance Feedback (RF). However existing RF based approaches needs a number of iteration to fulfill user's requirements. This paper proposed a novel methodology to achieve better results in early iteration to reduce the user interaction with the system. In previous research work it is reported that SVM based RF approach generating better results for CBIR. Therefore, this paper focused on SVM based RF approach. To enhance the performance of SVM based RF approach this research work applied Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) before applying SVM on user feedback. The main objective of using thesemeta-heuristic was to increase the positive image sample size from SVM. Firstly steps PSO is applied by incorporating the user feedback and secondly GA is applied on the result generated through PSO, finally SVM is applied using the positive sample generated through GA. The proposed technique is named as Particle Swarm Optimization Genetic Algorithm- Support Vector Machine Relevance Feedback (PSO-G A-SVM-RF). Precisions, recall and F-score are used as performance metrics for the assessment and validation of PSO-GA-SVM-RF approach and experiments are conducted on coral image dataset having 10908 images. From experimental results it is proved that PSO-GA-SVM-RF approach outperformed then various well known CBIR approaches
Studies on Genetic Divergence of Rapeseed Genotypes Using SSR Markers
No full textThirty five Brassica napus genotypes were evaluated to check their genetic diversity on the basis of mapped 20 microsatellite markers. The genetic similarity values of coefficient ranged from 0.28 to 0.85. A dendrogram was generated based on UPGMA which showed that genotypes were divided into five major clusters. Cluster A had genotypes with higher similarity coefficient of 0.85 while Cluster E had only one genotype (pop 35) genetically distinct from other genotypes. PIC values were calculated for each of the 20 SSR primer pairs. Ten primers PIC value ranged from 0.30 (O110-A05) to 0.59 (Na10-D09 markers). This study would be helpful in assessing the genetic diversity. It was revealed that there was no correlation between the geographical distribution and genetic diversity of the studied germplasm, depicting their close genetic relationship
Multi-Static Multi-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Constellation Based on Integrated Photonic Circuits
No full textMulti-static SARs from LEO orbits allow the single-pass high-resolution imaging and detection of moving targets. A coherent MIMO approach requires the generation of multi-band, thus orthogonal, signals, the fusion of which increases the system resolution. Up to now the synchronization capability of SAR signals of different satellites is critical. Here, we propose the use of photonics to generate, receive and distribute the radar signals in a coherent multi-static SAR constellation. Photonics overcomes issues in the implementation of MIMO SAR, allowing for the flexible generation of multi-band signals and centralized generation in a primary satellite with coherent distribution to all the secondary satellites of the SAR signals over FSO links. The numerical analysis shows the proposed system has a NESZ < −29.6 dB, satisfying the SAR system requirements. An experimental proof of concept based on COTS, for both signal up- and down-conversion, is implemented to demonstrate the system functionality, showing performance similar to the simulations. The implementation of the proposed systems with integrated technologies could reduce the system SWaP and increase robustness to vibrations. A design based on the consolidated SOI platform with the transfer printing-based hybrid integration of InP semiconductor optical amplifiers is proposed. The amplifiers compensate for the losses of the passive SOI waveguides, decreasing the overall conversion loss. The polarization multiplexing of the modulated and unmodulated combs to be sent from (to) the primary to (from) the secondary satellite over the FSO links avoids complex space-consuming optical filters requiring several control signals
Rate-latency optimization for NB-IoT with adaptive resource unit configuration in uplink transmission
No full textNarrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a cellular IoT communication technology standardized by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for supporting massive machine type communication and its deployment can be realized by a simple firmware upgrade on existing long term evolution (LTE) networks. The NB-IoT requirements in terms of energy efficiency, achievable rates, latency, extended coverage, make the resource allocation, in a limited bandwidth, even a more challenging problem w.r.t. to legacy LTE. The allocation, done with subcarrier (SC) granularity in NB-IoT, should maintain adequate performance for the devices while keeping the power consumption as low as possible. Nevertheless, the optimal solution of the resource allocation problem is typically unfeasible since nonconvex, NP-hard and combinatorial because of the use of binary variables. In this article, after the formulation of the optimization problem, we study the resource allocation approach for NB-IoT networks aiming to analyze the tradeoff between rate and latency. The proposed suboptimal algorithm allocates radio resource (i.e., SCs) and transmission power to the NB-IoT devices for the uplink transmission and the performance is compared in terms of latency, rate, and power. By comparing the proposed allocation to a conventional round robin (RR) and to a brute-force approach, we can observe the advantages of the formulated allocation problem and the limited loss of the suboptimal solution. The proposed algorithm outperforms the RR by a factor 2 in terms of spectral efficiency and, moreover, the study includes techniques that reduce the dropped packets from 29% to 1.6%
PENAFSIRAN HAMKA TENTANG TSAMANAN QALĪLĀ DALAM TAFSIR AL-AZHAR (Studi Analisis Pada Q.S. Ali Imran Ayat 77)
No full textSkripsi ini berjudul “Penafsiran HAMKA Tentang Tsamanan Qalīlā Dalam Tafsir Al-Azhar (Studi Analisis Pada Q.S. Ali Imran Ayat 77)”. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh penafsiran kata tsamanan qalīlā yang terdapat dalam Surah Ali Imran ayat 77 menurut perspektif Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah (HAMKA) dalam kitab Tafsir Al-Azhar. Penelitian ini meneliti lebih jauh tentang penafsiran kata tsamanan qalīlā di Q.S. Ali Imran ayat 77 dalam Tafsir Al-Azhar, dan aktualisasi tsamanan qalīlā di kehidupan sosial-masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami penafsiran kata tsamanan qalīlā di Q.S. Ali Imran ayat 77 dalam Tafsir Al-Azhar dan mengetahui aktualisasi tsamanan qalīlā di kehidupan sosial-masyarakat.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka (library research) yang bersifat kualitatif. Sumber data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah kitab Tafsir Al-Azhar karya HAMKA. Data sekunder dalam penelitian ini merupakan buku-buku Ulumul Qur’an dan kitab tafsir lain, seperti Tafsīr Al-Manār, Tafsir Al-Munir, Tafsir Al-Mishbah, dan buku, artikel, atau referensi lain yang terkait dengan penelitian ini. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada skripsi ini adalah dokumentasi, yaitu mengumpulkan berbagai karya ilmiah dan mempunyai keterkaitan erat dengan penelitian ini. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode analisis isi (content analysis) dan metode tafsir taḥlīlī (analitik).
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa HAMKA memberikan judul pembahasan dalam kitab tafsirnya pada ayat ini dengan judul “Harga Janji dan Sumpah”. HAMKA menafsirkan bahwa tsamanan qalīlā dalam Q.S. Ali Imran ayat 77 lebih mengarah kepada mengucapkan janji dan sumpah palsu dengan nama Allah SWT. untuk menguntungkan diri sendiri. Nama Allah SWT. digunakan untuk memperkuat sumpah palsu tersebut, hanya untuk mendapat keuntungan sangat sedikit jika dibandingkan dengan nama Allah SWT. Dalam aktualisasinya, seorang presiden, atau menteri, atau pegawai tinggi negara yang bersumpah bahwa dia akan jujur melaksanakan tugas dan kewajibannya, namun tidak menepati janji dan sumpahnya, pedagang yang menggunakan sumpah atas nama Allah SWT. agar barang dagangannya laku dibeli, hingga bersumpah palsu agar memiliki suatu harta kekayaan atau hak milik. Banyaknya orang yang memberikan janji, namun tidak menepatinya merupakan contoh paling nyata dari aktualisasi Q.S. Ali Imran ayat 77
Stereotip dan fitnah terhadap wanita dalam Al-Quran: Analisis tafsir Al-Azhar terhadap surat Ali Imran ayat 14 dan surat Yusuf ayat 23-24
No full textINDONESIA:
Skripsi ini mencoba mengangkat permasalahan masih adanya asumsi dalam masyarakat terhadap Stereotip dan fitnah wanita yang memposisikan mereka sebagai subordinasi, marginal, diskriminalisasi,sumber fitnah dan nafsu. Kedatangan Islam yang dibawa oleh Rasulullah Muhammad SAW, merupakan agama kasih sayang yang dalam ajarannya perempuan merupakan sosok yang dimuliakan. Penelitian ini bermaksud menjelaskan makna dan konteks stereotip dan fitnah terhadap wanita dalam Surat Ali Imran Ayat 14 dan Surat Yusuf Ayat 23-24 dalam Tafsir al-Azhar serta implikasi penafsiran ayat-ayat tersebut terhadap pemahaman masyarakat tentang peran dan kedudukan wanita.
Dalam penelitian penulis menggunakan jenis Penelitian Normatif (library research) dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui kajian historis,konseptual dan interpretatif. Hasil penelitian ini penulis menyimpulkan bahwa Hamka salah satu mufassir Indonesia dalam Tafsir al-Azhar menjelaskan pada Q.S Ali Imran ayat 14 konteks stereotip wanita dengan sebutan an-nisa` merupakan makhluk diciptaan Allah yang menarik dan menjadi sosok yang disukai lawan jenisnya yakni laki-laki. Sedang wanita yang digambarkan pada Q.S Yusuf Ayat 23-24 pada hakekatnya makhluk secara fitrah memang memiliki hasrat nafsu terhadap lawan jenis dengan kondisi psikologisnya mengawali rayuan sebagaimana digambarkan dalam kisah Yusuf dan istri Raja.
Pemahaman tafsiran ayat tersebut bukanlah bermaksud mengintervensi wanita sebagai sumber fitnah atau nafsu, ditegaskan bahwa laki-laki dan perempuan mempunyai potensi sang sama dalam hal itu, namun masing-masing seharusnya menjaga kehormatan dengan menggunakan akal sehat dan tetap memegangi aturan agama.
ENGLISH:
This thesis tries to raise the problem of the existence of assumptions in society regarding Stereotypes and slander of women that position them as subordinate, marginal, discriminated against, sources of slander and lust. The arrival of Islam brought by the Prophet Muhammad SAW, is a religion of compassion in whose teachings women are glorified figures. This study aims to explain the meaning and context of stereotypes and slander against women in Surah Ali Imran Verse 14 and Surah Yusuf Verse 23-24 in Tafsir al-Azhar and the implications of interpreting these verses on society's understanding of the role and position of women.
In this study, the author used the type of Normative Research (library research) with a qualitative approach through historical, conceptual and interpretative studies. The results of this study, the author concluded that Hamka, one of the Indonesian mufassirs in Tafsir al-Azhar, explained in Q.S Ali Imran verse 14 the context of the stereotype of women with the term an-nisa` is a creature created by Allah who is attractive and becomes a figure that is liked by the opposite sex, namely men. While women described in Q.S Yusuf Verse 23-24 are essentially creatures who by nature have lust for the opposite sex with their psychological condition initiating seduction as described in the story of Yusuf and the King's wife.
Understanding the interpretation of this verse is not intended to intervene in women as a source of slander or lust, it is emphasized that men and women have the same potential in this regard, but each should maintain their honor by using common sense and still adhering to religious rules.
ARABIC:
تحاول هذه الرسالة إثارة قضية الافتراضات المستمرة في المجتمع فيما يتعلق بالصور النمطية والافتراءات على المرأة والتي تضعها في موضع تابع، هامشي، معرض للتمييز، ومصدر للافتراء والشهوة. إن وصول الإسلام الذي جاء به النبي محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، هو دين المحبة الذي كانت المرأة فيه شخصية عظيمة في تعاليمه. يهدف هذا البحث إلى توضيح معنى وسياق الصور النمطية والافتراء على المرأة في سورة آل عمران الآية ١٤ وسورة يوسف الآيتين ٢٣- ٢٤في تفسير الأزهر وكذلك انعكاسات تفسير هذه الآيات على فهم المجتمع لدور المرأة ومكانتها.
في هذا البحث استخدم المؤلف أسلوب البحث المعياري (البحث المكتبي) بمنهج نوعي من خلال الدراسات التاريخية والمفاهيمية والتفسيرية. وتوصلت نتائج هذه الدراسة إلى أن حمكة، أحد المترجمين الإندونيسيين في تفسير الأزهر، يشرح في سورة آل عمران الآية ١٤ أن سياق الصورة النمطية للمرأة التي يطلق عليها اسم النساء هي مخلوق خلقه الله جذاب وشخصية محبوبة من الجنس الآخر أي الرجال. في هذه الأثناء، فإن المرأة الموصوفة في سورة يوسف الآيتين ٢٣-٢٤ هي في الأساس مخلوق لديه بطبيعته رغبات شهوانية تجاه الجنس الآخر مع حالتها النفسية التي تبدأ الإغواء كما هو موصوف في قصة يوسف وزوجة الملك.
وليس المقصود من فهم تفسير هذه الآية التدخل في المرأة كمصدر للقذف أو الشهوة، بل يؤكد أن الرجل والمرأة لديهما نفس الإمكانات في هذا الصدد، ولكن يجب على كل منهما الحفاظ على شرفه باستخدام المنطق السليم مع الالتزام بالقواعد الدينية
A reappraisal of attitudes to the 'People of the Book' in the Qur'an and hadith, with particular reference to Muslim fiscal policy and the covenant of 'Umar
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
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