87 research outputs found
Some new diagnostics of multicollinearity in linear regression model
No full textThe problem of multicollinearity compromises the numerical stability of the regression coefficient estimate and cause some serious problem in validation and interpretation of the model. In this paper, we propose two new collinearity diagnostics for the detection of collinearity among regressors, based on coefficient of determination and adjusted coefficient of determination from auxiliary regression of regressors. A Monte Carlo simulation study has been conducted to compare the existing and proposed collinearity diagnostic tests. Comparison of diagnostics on some existing collinear data are also made
Individual, organizational, technological and industry factors effects on innovation capability of dairy SMEs in Pakistan : knowledge sharing as mediated
Get PDFExisting literature reveals a gap in the empirical knowledge on innovation capability in the dairy sector of Punjab, Pakistan. Innovation capability is a key player in the growth and success of a business. Therefore, the major objective of this study was to examine the mediating role of knowledge sharing on trust, motivation, training & development, supervisor support, ICT use, and industry cluster resources with innovation capability of the dairy sector. This research contributes to the growth of GDP through the dairy sector. The research framework in the study was based on the diffusion of innovation and the resource- based view theories. The data were collected from dairy farm owners and managers in the study locality, i.e. Punjab, Pakistan. The study instrument was 410 self- administered questionnaires which were distributed to the dairy farm mangers/owners through the simple random sampling technique. 254 valid questionnaires were used for the analysis. The SPSS and SMART PLS 3.0 were used for the basic screening of the raw data and testing the hypothetical statements. The study found that motivation, training & development, supervisor support and industry cluster resources have positive significant impacts on knowledge- sharing. Furthermore, motivation, training & development, ICT used and industry cluster resources also have positive impacts on innovation capability; and knowledge- sharing mediated the relationship between motivation, training & development, supervisor support and innovation capability. The results of the study provide important insights to outcome, policy- makers and researchers to further understand the effects of the innovation capability of dairy SMEs (small medium enterprises) in Pakistan. This study suggested that managers and owners of dairy farms must provide motivation, training & development and supervisor support to enhance the innovation capability of dairy workers
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Terrorism and the US Drone Attacks in Pakistan ::Killing First /
No full textThis book analyses the US drone attacks against terrorists in Pakistan to assess whether the pre-emptive' use of combat drones to kill terrorists is ever legally justified. Exploring the doctrinal discourse of pre-emption vis--vis the US drone attacks against terrorists in Pakistan, the book shows that the debate surrounding this discourse encapsulates crucial tensions between the permission and limits of the right of self-defence. Drawing from the long history of God-given and man-made laws of war, this book employs positivism as a legal frame to explore and explain the doctrine of pre-emption and analyses the doctrine of the state's rights to self-defence as it stretches into pre-emptive or preventive use of force. The book investigates why the US chose the recourse to pre-emption through the use of combat drones in the war on terror' and whether there is a potential future for the pre-emption of terrorism through combat drones. The author argues that the policy to kill first' is easy to adopt; however, any disregard for the web of legal requirements surrounding the policy has the potential to undercut the legal claims of an armed act. The book enables the framing and analysis of such controversies in legal terms as opposed to a choice between law and policy. An examination of the legal dilemma concerning drone warfare, this book will be of interest to academics in the fields of international relations, Asian politics, South Asian studies, and security studies, in particular, global security law, new wars, and emerging technologies of warfare
Integrating social media-based community of inquiry with theory of planned behavior to promote equitable educational intentions among pre-service teachers in Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan
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The Role of Stakeholders Participation, Goal Directness and Learning Context in Determining Student Academic Performance: Student Engagement as a Mediator
Get PDFThere is a growing body of literature on the predictors of student academic performance. The current study aims to extend this line of inquiry, and has linked stakeholders’ participation, goal directness and classroom context with students’ academic outcomes. Using the multistage sampling technique, the researchers collected cross-sectional data from 2,758 high school students. This study has employed regression analysis (simple linear regression and hierarchical linear regression modeling) to test the study hypotheses. The results revealed that learning context produces highest variance in students’ engagement (R2 = 59.5%) and their academic performance (R2 = 42%). It is further evident that goal directness has the highest influence on students’ academic performance (Std. β = 0.419) while learning climate of the classroom frequently affects their engagement (Std. β = 0.38) in studies. Results also illustrated that students’ overall engagement (R = 99.1%: Model-5 = 0.849) and cognitive induction (R2 = 79.2%: Model-5 = 0.792) yield highest variance in their academic performance. Although stakeholders’ participation causes low variance in students’ academic performance but the role of parents, teachers, peers and students (themselves) remained significant. Further, student engagement mediates the direct relationship (s) of independent and outcomes variable. The findings of the present research could be potentially useful for policymakers and schools to ensure the elevation in students’ engagement and their academic performance in studies
The Almon Liu-Type M-Estimator for the Distributed Lag Models in the Presence of Multicollinearity and Outliers
Get PDFThe Almon method is widely used for the estimation of the distributed lag models (DLM). The advantage of using the Almon technique lies in its capability to avoid some serious problems that may arise from the direct application of ordinary least squares (OLS). In the Almon technique, the OLS procedure is applied on transformed regressors, and these regressors correlate themselves leading to the problem of multicollinearity. Moreover, in the presence of outliers in the y-direction, the Almon estimator (AE) may become sensitive. The presence of multicollinearity and outliers jointly in the dataset can strongly distort the AE, leading to the unreliable estimation of the lagged coefficients. We propose the Almon Liu-type M-estimator (ALTME) to address the joint issue of multicollinearity and outliers in y-direction. To show that the proposed estimator has an advantage over the AE, the Almon M-estimator (AME), and the Almon ridge M-estimator (ARME), the Monte Carlo Simulation and two real-life numerical examples are given
Role of Job Designs in Determining Employees’ Work Motivation in Banking Sector of Multan City, Pakistan
Get PDFThis article presents theoretical and empirical underpinnings between job designs and employees’ work motivation in banking sector of Multan city, Pakistan. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design in which 362 employees participated through simple random sampling technique. The findings of the study revealed that female employees are more motivated towards their jobs than male employees. Moreover, job characteristics and job rotation are high among senior bank employees having experience greater than 12 years. The study concluded that job enrichment is the highest influential factor in determining employees work motivation while quality of work life is negatively influencing their enthusiasm level towards job. In the wake of new technological transformations, academic insight into the current work would further guide the policy makers for designing the jobs for banking sector through decentralization of managerial powers, changing in accordance with the global trends, as well as applying autonomous, mastery oriented and purposely directed policies
Salinity and sodicity influence on Taramira (Eruca sativa), A medicinal crop
Get PDFSeeds of Taramira (Eruca sativa) as medicinal plant were sown in a pot study under various salinity cum sodicity levels. Out of different levels tested, 4 dSm-1+ 13.5 (mmol L-1)1/2 treatment got maximum biomass yield (34 gpot-1). It was declined due to salinity increase. At 10 dSm-1 + 30 (mmol L-1)1/2 minimum biomass yield (22.33 gpot-1) was gotten. Results also indicated decrease (%) of biomass yield over lowest level of salinity cum sodicity. Least reduction % over control (15.73) was attained by 5 dSm-1 + 25 (mmol L-1)1/2 treatment showing better tolerance. Growth least reduction % over control was ranging from 15.73% to 34.32% due to toxic salts. This variation was linked with toxic influence of salts on plant growth. At the nutshell, Taramaria (Eruca sativa) was produced maximum growth under 4 dSm-1+ 13.5 (mmol L-1)1/2
On Improving Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Rice under Minimal Soil Salinity
No full textAims: It was assumed that two- way approach i.e. nutrient-priming with potassium salt of the seeds and later on ammonium sulphate application may be binary beneficial for growth of rice besides evidencing genetic variability under salt stress
Study Design: The experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design with three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in laboratory and glass house of Soil Salinity Research Programme of Land Resources Research Institute at National Agricultural research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan during the period from May to August, 2016.
Methodology: Seeds of Oryza sativa (cv. KS-282 and BAS 385) were primed with potassium nitrate. In the second phase of the study, the primed seeds were raised in a minimal saline soil with ammonium sulphate nutrition gradually up to 150 mg Kg -1.
Results: Bas-385 was more responsive for mean germination time than KS-282. In Bas-385 and KS-282 germination was 100 and 90 percent. Germination rate index of Bas-385 was 16 percent higher than that of KS-282. Biomass of Bas-385 seedlings was higher than that of KS-282 with the treatments. In both the cultivars of rice, Na+/K+ ratio was in antagonistic relation R = (- 0.99) with the gradual increase in ammonium sulphate application. Potassium ion was accordant with sulphate ion and N concentration. Bas-385 was more tolerant to KS-282 based on Na+/K+ ratio and bio mass.
Conclusion: BAS 385 (salt sensitive) superseded to KS-282 (salt tolerant) under minimal salt stress due to nutrient priming and then enhanced nutrition.  
Factors Influencing Students Motivation to Learn in Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (Pakistan)
No full textMotivation is the paramount medium and obligatory precondition that provoke critical thinking among the students. The major premise of this research is to reveal diverse factors that can lower the motivation of the students to acquire good academic grades. Cross sectional survey research design was used by the researcher to accumulate the data from N=300 respondents through multistage sampling technique. Questionnaire was used as a tool for the rationale of data collection from Social Science departments of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (Pakistan). Descriptive Statistics, Correlation method, Analysis of Variance and Reliability Coefficients were used by the researcher to appraise the relationship among the study variables. From the analysis it was found that usage of effectual teaching methodologies, adequate learning environment in the classroom and self-motivated involvement of the students to slot in knowledge acquisition are the foremost determinants that can increase the students motivation for learning process. From the analysis the researcher concluded that encouraging the constructive classroom environment by inducing discussion, establishment of cooperative learning environment and small group work can amplify the students motivational level for the purpose of engaging in the learning process. In addition to this inconsistent workload on the students, usage of obsolete teaching methodologies, large class size, peer pressure to resist the learning process and teachers biased behavior with the students are the foremost factors that can diminish the students interest in their studies. Usage of modern instructional practices, provision of adequate classroom environment and encouragement of analytical feedback from the students are the foremost remedies that can increase the motivational level among the students to acquire premium academic grades.</jats:p
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