1,720,965 research outputs found
A Critical and Research Review of "What is Literature": "ادب کیا ہے؟" کا تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ
No full textThis research paper critically examines Dr. Muhammad Khan Ashraf’s philosophical and literary approach to the concept of "What is Literature?" As a prominent critic in Urdu literature, Dr. Ashraf presents literature not merely as aesthetic expression but as a multidimensional reflection of intellectual, spiritual, and cultural human evolution. Through the lens of Islamic thought, historical consciousness, and a rejection of class-based literary reductions, he proposes a model of literature that connects language, thought, and civilization. This paper evaluates his theoretical foundations, narrative style, social vision, and his unique contribution to Urdu literary criticism.
Key Words: Muhammad Khan Ashraf, What is Literature, Urdu Literary Criticism, Islamic Literary Thought, Aesthetic Expression, Literature and Society, Historical Consciousness, Literary Theory, Civilization and Ethics, Literary Philosoph
A Critical and Research Review of “British Orientalists and the History of Urdu Literature: "برطانوی مستشرقین اور تاریخ ادب اردو" کا تحقیقی وتنقیدی جائزہ"
No full textThis paper presents a comprehensive research-based and critical review of the contributions and perspectives of British orientalists towards the history of Urdu literature. It highlights their interest in Urdu language and literature, their research efforts, historiographical methods, and the colonial mindset behind their writings. The study also reflects on how their works influenced the course of Urdu literary history and critically examines their ideological inclinations. In the history of Urdu literature, the role of Western orientalists, especially British scholars and researchers, is both important and noteworthy. Orientalism was not merely an academic interest but often a tool for fulfilling colonial objectives.
Keywords: Orientalism, British Orientalists, Urdu Literature, Historiography, Critical Revie
غالبؔ کی تقریظ نگاری
No full textTakreez is an Arabic word which has been derived from the word Ukaz. In the era of darkness a fair was held in Ukaz where renwoned poets recited there poems. The best recited piece of peom was eulogized admirably by the president of this competition. His remarks were termed as "Takreez". The tradition of Takreez came in Urdu literture from Arabic language and literature. Writing of Takreez was practiced commonly in classical age of Urdu litrature. Takreez was written on books by well renowned men of knowledge in art and literature. Mirza Ghalib requested to write Takreez by various literary personalities and he also wrote it for a few books. The Quality of Mirza Ghalib is that he kept his individuality in Takreez writing. In appreciation Ghalib was not convinced of flattery
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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