50 research outputs found
sj-pdf-1-pie-10.1177_09544089211064480 - Supplemental material for Non-axisymmetric Homann stagnation-point flow of unsteady Walter's B nanofluid over a vertical cylindrical disk
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-pie-10.1177_09544089211064480 for Non-axisymmetric Homann
stagnation-point flow of unsteady
Walter's B nanofluid over a vertical cylindrical disk by Latif Ahmad, Saleem Javed, Muhammad Ijaz Khan, M. Riaz Khan, Essam Roshdy El-Zahar and Abd Allah A. Mousa in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering</p
Sino-Iranian Strategic Partnership: Prospects and Challenges
Get PDFChina and Iran have developed mutual inter-dependence and bilateral cooperation in several fields. Though China and Iran are closer to sign 25 year strategic partnership, yet the final draft of the deal is being negotiated between the two parties. The expectations are high on Iranian side, however one or anotherway there are multiple factors associated with such developments. For instance; Chinese image in contemporary international system, US factor, international sanctions against Iran, Iranian perception and role in the region, and Chinese ambitious Belt and Road initiative is supposed to determine the depth and sustainability of this strategic partnership. This paper argues that the apprehensions attached to the deal are reflecting western perception whereas China’s interest are more economic/commercial and business oriented, thus limiting their cooperation in other fields. This paper addresses the prospects of these negotiations considering the impact of afore mentioned factors on the background of their relations, thus articulates challenges faced by both the parties for expected enhanced strategic partnership. The paper concludes that Sino-Iranian cooperation is not only confined to economic field rather expands to socio-cultural and technological fields as well, but this must also be viewed as part of China’s over all Middle East policy considering her economic might and investment posture through Belt and Road initiative.  
Islamic Foundations of Education: Item Analysis of a Teacher Made Test at Master Level
Get PDFThis study is aimed at constructing and analyzing a researcher made Multiple Choice Test in the subject of Islamic foundations of Education. Sixty items were finalized and administered on the selected sample which consisted of the students of Education at Masters’ level in the four HEC recognized public sector universities in Pakistan i.e., Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, University of Sargodha and University of Education (Multan and Vehari campus). After pilot testing, test was administered on 385 male and female students selected through multistage sampling technique. Item analysis was performed by using classical test theory. According to discrimination and difficulty indices 8 items in Form A and 6 items in form B needed modifications because the low and high achiever students were unable to attempt those items. This study recommends that a larger size of sample should be included to attain higher reliability of the items
Strategic Dimensions of CPEC: Role of Regional and International Powers
No full textIndian Ocean, along with its chokepoints and Sea Lanes of Communications, is considered to be the significant strategic maritime arena. The area has remained under the influence of the US. India, being a largest littoral state of the said ocean, has a strong say here. Sino- Pakistan strategic collaboration and convergence over the construction of Gwadar and CPEC would not only serve the commercial interests of both of the states, rather it would also strengthen their strategic and defense position in the region. On the Beijing’s part, China would, to a considerable extent, neutralize its “Malacca Dilemma”. And on Islamabad’s part, it would serve to be a deterrent to any aggressive design of her arch rival India. It is because on the one hand it would enhance the strategic depth of Pakistan, and on the other hand integrity of Pakistan would be indispensible for China. And any attempt to destabilize Pakistan could provoke China, so Pakistan’s integrity would be sine qua non for China
Realignment of Power Patterns in Indian Ocean: Role of Regional and Global Actors
No full textPurpose: Purpose of study is to analyze the impact of changing strategic patterns and priorities of various regional and international actors on the Indian Ocean Region. Geo-political contestation for hegemony among these actors i.e. US, India, Japan, Australia, China and Pakistan is examined. Measures and counter-measures taken by the said states too are evaluated.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Analytical study based on qualitative descriptive analysis is formulated in inductive way.
Findings: Indian Ocean has been evolving to be the center-stage of Global power politics. US, UK, Australia, Japan and India are pursuing the goal of containment of China. China too has initiated economic partnerships with various states of the Indian Ocean Region i.e. Pakistan, Myanmar and Sri Lanka.
Implications/Originality/Value: Keeping in view the pace at which international and other concerned actors are inclined towards alliances formulation and militarization of the Indian Ocean Region, naval arms to acquire naval second strike capability is anticipated to be initiated in the near future, Indian ambitions to achieve the naval based second strike capability can be analyzed with the same lens
Analysis of Trade Before and After the WTO: A Case Study of South Asia
No full textTrade stimulates economic growth as well as create employment. The basic principles (of the WTO) make the system economically more efficient and cut the production and marketing costs. It gives consumers more choice, and a broader range of qualities to choose from. These are the basic benefits of world trading given by the WTO (WTO 2003). A number of studies have explained implications of the WTO with reference to developed and developing countries. How much trade has been increased by nations after the implementation of the WTO remained an ambiguous estimation. The increase in trade can result into benefits of the WTO. Generally, it is taken that developing economies have taken lesser tranche of the global trading. By applying the before-after approach we have tried to estimate that how much trade is increased in South Asian counties. How much the agriculture and industrial sectors were contributing in boosting the trade of the nations before the WTO and how it is doing after the WTO. It concluded that trade of the South Asian nations has not been increased up to the expectations that results in to low gaining of benefits from world trade
Analysis of Trade Before and After the WTO: A Case Study of South Asia
Get PDFTrade stimulates economic growth as well as create employment. The basic principles (of the WTO) make the system economically more efficient and cut the production and marketing costs. It gives consumers more choice, and a broader range of qualities to choose from. These are the basic benefits of world trading given by the WTO (WTO 2003). A number of studies have explained implications of the WTO with reference to developed and developing countries. How much trade has been increased by nations after the implementation of the WTO remained an ambiguous estimation. The increase in trade can result into benefits of the WTO. Generally, it is taken that developing economies have taken lesser tranche of the global trading. By applying the before-after approach we have tried to estimate that how much trade is increased in South Asian counties. How much the agriculture and industrial sectors were contributing in boosting the trade of the nations before the WTO and how it is doing after the WTO. It concluded that trade of the South Asian nations has not been increased up to the expectations that results in to low gaining of benefits from world trade
Al-Asrâr fî Tikrâr Hiwâr al-Nabi Musa wa al-‘Abd fî Sûrah al-Kahfi: Tahlîl al-Îjâz wa al-Ithnâb
No full textThe problem in this study it is the reason why Prophet Khidr repeated his words -You will not patient with me - to the prophet Moses, even though the prophet Moses was known as the intelligent prophet. This research uses the theory of ijaz and ithnab (brevity and redundancy) in the science of rhetoric. This theory finds abbreviated word types and extended word types. This research uses a qualitative approach that is descriptive through a literature review. Researcher found there are sixteen ijaz sentences including sentences by removing related sentences, five sentences by removing adjectives, one sentence by removing letters, one sentence by removing dispersed words, one sentence by removing the divine predicate, one sentence miracle of delivering sentences. The four ithnab sentences that the researcher found are as follows. First, the expressive sentences by mentioning special sentences after mentioning general sentences that serve to emphasize specific sentences. Secondly, the redundancy sentence is the appendix by bringing up the second sentence which is similar to the first sentence that intends to emphasize the idea of the sentence. Third, verbosity sentences that use the inclusion allowance that serve to explain the previous sentence and which are not yet clear. Fourth, verbosity and repetition sentences that work to persuade the other person to accept the advice. The reason why ‘Abd’ repeated his words to the prophet Moses was not because Moses was stupid, but because of Prophet Moses\u27 spirit in seeking knowledge and allowing him to continue searching for guidance with the ‘Abd’.Keywords: Advice, Repetition, Spirit
Assessment of Formality, Innovation and Productivity in Small and Medium Enterprises of Pakistan
Get PDFThis study aims to assess the dynamics of innovation and productivity of formally registered small and medium enterprises in Pakistan. It considers learning by doing and learning by schooling theories along with stylized facts about determinants of firms’ ability to practice innovation. This is the first detailed study that considers learning by doing and learning by schooling aspects of firms determining innovation practices. These are considered building blocks of sustainable economic growth and hence the growth processes of the firms. Realizing the state of these aspects provides valuable support to policymakers in developing effective policies for the manufacturing sector. For this purpose, a structural model is used to assess the factors affecting innovation followed by the effects of innovation on the productivity of the firms with reference to formality. The latest data by World Bank collected through Enterprise Survey between May 2013 to May 2015 is used to address the purpose. It is found that novel organizational and management practices promote the innovation of small and medium firms significantly. It is concluded that higher levels of productivity can be achieved through better organizational structure, employee training, the transformation of the internal structure of the production process, export growth, and the development of the business environment in various locations. These findings imply that export-oriented policies, research, and development for SMEs, training provisions for managers and employees, and changes in the hierarchal structure of the old established enterprises are the key elements for SMEs growth in Pakistan. Therefore, it is suggested to promote positive competition among SMEs as it works as a driving force to bring innovation and enhance the capacity utilization of the firms. It is observed that non-exporting firms are less concerned to adopt innovative practices that limit their productivity and growth. Thus, it is recommended to encourage these firms to grow at the par of their exporting counterparts by following their innovative strategies. These strategies bring direct benefits to the firms in terms of productivity and growth and have the potential to ultimately improve the livelihood and socio-economic status of the associated employees. Moreover, with higher levels of growth informal sector may also catch up with the formal sector through the effect of agglomeration economies of the formal firms located in the region
Corporate Governance and Audit Fees: Evidence from a Developing Country
Get PDFIn this paper, we investigate the effect of board and audit committee quality on the audit fees in the context of developing country of Pakistan. We us five years data of KSE-100 index companies listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange. To draw the inference, we use the Partial Least Square based Structural Equation Modeling. We find that effective board quality (measured through board size, board independence, CEO duality, chairperson independence, board equity holding, and board diligence) is positively associated with external auditor fees. This finding suggests that, high quality board demands higher quality audit to have further assurance on the quality of financial reporting. While, we find audit committee effectiveness (measured through audit committee size, audit committee independence, and audit committee diligence) reduces the external audit fee, which supports our notion that, the high quality audit committee will ensure reliable financial reporting which reduces external auditor’s efforts that result in lower audit fees
