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Epistemologi Tafsir Ayat-ayat Jihad: Studi Pemikiran Muhammad Chirzin dan Sahiron Syamsuddin
No full textJihad in the recent decade has become a sensitive issue due to misconceptions rooted in a literal understanding that associates jihad with religious violence, an idea that is frequently referred to as 'holy terrorism.' In reality, jihad has a broader meaning that is not synonymous with violence or war. This study discusses the interpretations of two important figures in Qur'anic and Tafsir scholarship in Indonesia today, namely Muhammad Chirzin and Sahiron Syamsuddin, in order to reveal the meaning of jihad and examine the construction of thought that underpins that meaning, particularly in the Indonesian context. The question that will be studied by this paper is how the thoughts of the two figures in interpreting the verses of jihad and how the epistemological structure of the interpretation of the verses of jihad of the two figures? To answer these questions, this article uses a historical-factual approach. This paper contends that the two figures discussed have conducted extensive research on the concept of jihad, and the results of their interpretations disprove the identical association between jihad and war. According to Muhammad Chirzin, the object of jihad is all forms of evil, so jihad for him takes two forms: policy socialization and internalization (amar makruf) and prevention and elimination of evil (nahi munkar). Meanwhile, Sahiron Syamsuddin defines jihad as the removal of oppression, the preservation of religious freedom, and the establishment of peace. These two figures demonstrate that jihad, when studied thoroughly using valid academic instruments, does not justify violence and terrorism
EPISTEMOLOGI TAFSIR AYAT-AYAT JIHAD (Studi Pemikiran Muhammad Chirzin dan Sahiron Syamsuddin)
Full text linkJihad merupakan konsep Islam yang sering disalah artikan dan pahami
oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Seperti contohnya tragedi teror oleh kelompok
Gerakan Aceh merdeka (GAM), mereka mempunyai pandangan bahwa jihad
adalah perang atau kekerasan. Selain itu, tragedi bom Tamrin, yang seorang anak
meminta izin kepada ayahnya untuk melakukan bom bunuh diri. Kesalahan
dalam memahami kata jihad yang lebih cenderung pada kekerasan dan
peperangan, dalam konteks Indonesia perlu ditafsirkan kembali. Peneliti mencoba
untuk melihat kembali arti dan makna jihad dalam penelitian skripi yang berjudul
Epistemologi Tafsir Ayat-ayat Jihad dalam Studi Pemikiran Muhammad Chirzin
dan Sahiron Syamsuddin. Kompleksitas pemahaman makna jihad, peneliti
temukan melalui pemahaman tokok-tokoh tafsir yang berkompeten dalam bidang
ilmu al-Qur’an dan tafsir di Indonesia,seperti Muhammad Chirzin dan Sahiron
Syamsuddin yang telah membahas dan memiliki karya tentang jihad.
Setiap pemahaman dan pemaknaan seseorang terhadap suatu konsep atau
ayat tertentu dalam al-Qur’an, selalu didasari oleh epistem dan paradigma yang
meliputinya. Sehingga untuk mengetahui epistemologi pemikiran dari kedua
tokoh tersebut, penulis melakukan penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptifanalisis
dengan pendekatan historis-faktual menggunakan data primer dan
sekunder yang diambil dari karya kedua tokoh Jihad dalam Al-Qur’an: telaah
normatif, historis, dan prospektif dan Pesan Damai Dibalik Seruan Jihad in Islam,
Tradisi dan Peradaban, serta data wawancara dan dokumentasi studi kepustakaan
sebagai alat untuk mengumpulkan data. Setelah data terkumpul, dilakukan
analisis dengan cara reduksi data atau peroses pemilihan, penyajian data dan
menarik sebuah kesimpulan. Untuk uji keabsahan data peneliti menggunakan
teknis triangulasi data dan sumber.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penafsiran kedua tokoh terhadap
ayat-ayat jihad dalam al-Qur’an tidak diartikan sebagai makna yang sempit.
Jihad bisa dilakukan dengan cara lain seperti menghapus penindasan,
menegakkan kebebasan beragama, perdamaian dan bentuk sosialisasi dan
internalisasi kebijakan (amar ma’ru>f) serta pencegahan, penghapusan
kemunkaran (nahi> munkar) sehingga relefan untuk diterapkan di Indonesia dan
diharapkan dapat merubah pola pikir umat Muslim yang salah dalam
mengartikan dan memahami ayat jihad
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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