1,720,954 research outputs found
PEMULIHAN HAK KORBAN PELANGGARAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA OLEH MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS DI INDONESIA
Get PDFMaraknya pelanggaran hak asasi manusia (HAM) yang dilakukan oleh
multinational corporations (MNCs) nampaknya sudah berada dalam titik nadhir
yang menghawatirkan. Dominasi politik global dan kekuatan modal yang
dimilikinya, membuat MNCs hadir sebagai kekuatan ekonomi penting yang
menggerakkan ekonomi global. Namun bagi negara-negara berkembang,
kehadiran MNCs disamping mendatangkan berkah, juga rentan berpotensi
menimbulkan sederet pelanggaran HAM. Bahkan MNCs secara cukup canggih
selalu memanfaatkan kelemahan regulasi yang ada khususnya di negara
berkembang untuk kepentingan operasi bisnisnya. Menyikapi hal ini, John Ruggie
mencoba mencari harmonisasi antara prinsip-prinsip HAM dengan agenda bisnis
yang seringkali bertolak belakang. Untuk itu dalam The United Nation Guiding
Principle on Business and Human Rights atau disingkat UNGPs menyebutkan
terdapat tiga pilar diantaranya kewajiban negara untuk melindungi,
tanggungjawab perusahaan untuk menghormati, dan memperluas akses pemulihan
yang efektif. Dengan demikian perusahaan dapat dimintakan pertanggungjawaban
ketika aktivitas bisnisnya menyebabkan pelanggaran HAM. Secara mendasar
konsep umum HAM tidak hanya sebatas merujuk pada perlindungan. Konsep
HAM juga harus merujuk pada pemulihan bagi korban yang hak-haknya telah
dilanggar, untuk itu UNGPs dalam salah satu pilarnya menyebutkan harus adanya
akses pemulihan yang efektif. Untuk dapat mewujudkan hal ini UNGPs telah
mengatur beberapa mekanisme yang dapat diakses masyarakat korban agar dapat
mengakses pemulihan yang efektif, diantaranya pertama, Mekanisme berbasis
non-negara atau mekanisme internal. Kedua, mekanisme peradilan berbasis
Negara, dan ketiga, mekanisme non-yudisial berbasis Negara. OECD Guidelines
merupakan salah satu mekanisme berbasis non negara yang dapat diakses oleh
masyarakat korban untuk mendapatkan pemulihan yang efektif. Gencarnya
agenda neoliberal menjadi tantangan tersendiri dari mekanisme ini untuk dapat
bekerja secara efektif. Guna memperdalam persoalan ini, penulis mencoba
memperkaya dengan menggunakan perspektif ekonomi-politik sembari tetap
berpegang teguh terhadap sifat normatif dalam penelitian hukum
Quo Vadis Pembaharuan Hukum Pertanahan Nasional: Urgensi Pembentukan Peradilan Khusus Pertanahan dalam Penyelesaian Konflik Agraria yang Berkeadilan
Get PDFThe rise of national agraria conflicts that occurred seem to have been in the point is quite worrisome. Because he has a slice of various forms of human rights dimensionless violations. Various discourses in the effort to resolve the conflict continue. The discourse on the creation of a special court of land seems to have begun to gain a lot of attention. The reason, he is present in the situation of national agraria conflict that never ends, besides the passage of this discourse is full of momentum, which coincides with the draft Land Law Bill which is now entered the political space of legislation in parliament. A special court of land will certainly be a topic of discussion is quite fierce considering the issue will reach the settlement areas of national agraria cases that include land tenure by the plantation company (onderneming), PT. Perkebunan Nasional (PTPN), to the control of land by the military. This paper would like to discuss that the establishment of a special land court in the draft national land law is a necessity in solving a just national agrarian conflict.
Keyword: Agraria Conflict, Violations of Human Rights, Special Court of Lan
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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