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Quo Vadis Hudud Di Era Kontemporer: Antara Hak Tuhan Dan Hak Manusia
Get PDFThis study aims to analyze the thoughts of Jumah and Usaimin regarding the discourse on the application of hudud in the contemporary era. This research is a qualitative study that uses the library research method. This research is comparative-analytic in nature which is operated by deeply analyzing two fatwas from Jumah and Usaimin about the law of applying hudud in the contemporary era and then comparing the two fatwas. Primary data sources in this study were taken from the book al-Baya>n lima> yusyghilu al-az}\han and the book al-Fata>wa ash-shar'iyyah fi> al-masa>il al-'as}riyyah min 'ula>ma>' al-balad al-h{aram while secondary data the author obtained from several sources such as previous research journals, several books, and related web pages. The research results show several important points. First, Jumah and Usaimin have different opinions about the application of hudud in the contemporary era. For Jumah, the application of hudud must be suspended while Usaimin firmly rejects any attempt to suspend hudud. Jumah and Usaimin share a belief that hudud is God's absolute right that cannot be changed by anyone. However, in terms of the application of hudud in the contemporary era, the two differ in their opinions. Jumah prioritizes the humanitarian side to suspend hudud, because according to him there are several conditions that cannot be met, while Usaimin does not budge and still obliges to apply hudud. Thus, Jumah has a semi-intellectualist style of thought while Usaimin emphasizes the textualist character that is so thick.
PENERAPAN HUDUD DI ERA KONTEMPORER: STUDI PEMIKIRAN ALI JUMAH DAN SHALIH AL-USAIMIN
Get PDFPerkembangan negara bangsa di era kontemporer berpengaruh signifikan dalam penerapan hukum Islam. Hudud menjadi salah satu praktik yang mendapat banyak kecaman karena dianggap bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai HAM. Ali Jumah (Jumah) seorang mufti dari Mesir dan Shalih Al-Usaimin (Usaimin) seorang mufti yang berasal dari Arab Saudi, keduanya berbeda pendapat terhadap hukum penerapan hudud di era kontemporer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara mendalam pemikiran kedua tokoh tersebut melalui fatwanya. Ada dua topik utama yang penulis sajikan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu pembahasan tentang bagaimana hukum penerapan hudud menurut Jumah dan Usaimin dan bagaimana analisis teori hak menurut kalangan manha>j al-fuqa>ha terhadap kedua fatwa tersebut.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan (library research). Penelitian ini bersifat komparatif-analitik yang dioperasikan dengan cara menganalisis secara mendalam dua fatwa dari Jumah dan Usaimin tentang hukum penerapan hudud di era kontemporer kemudian membandingkan kedua fatwa tersebut. Sumber data primer dalam penelitian ini diambil dari kitab al-Baya>n lima> yusyghilu al-az}\han dan kitab al-Fata>wa asy-syar’iyyah fi> al-masa>il al-‘as}riyyah min ‘ula>ma>’ al-balad al-h{aram sedangkan data sekunder penulis peroleh dari beberapa sumber seperti jurnal-jurnal penelitian terdahulu, beberapa buku, dan halaman website yang berkaitan. Data ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori hak dalam rumusan manha>j al-fuqa>ha yang dieksplorasi melalui pendekatan hermeneutika negosiatif perspektif Khaled Abou El Fadl.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beberapa poin penting. Pertama, Jumah dan Usaimin berbeda pendapat tentang penerapan hudud di era kontemporer. Bagi Jumah, penerapan hudud harus ditangguhkan dikarenakan saat ini sangat sedikit bahkan mustahil sebuah kasus dapat memenuhi syarat-syarat dalam pelaksanaan hudud. Sementara itu, Usaimin dengan tegas menolak segala usaha yang dilakukan untuk menangguhkan hudud. Kedua, dalam merumuskan fatwa, Jumah dan Usaimin sama-sama melakukan uji kompetensi terhadap dalil yang digunakan dalam berfatwa sehingga keduanya menggunakan dalil yang autentik. Adapun perbedaan fatwa dari keduanya disebabkan oleh perbedaan pemahaman makna awal hudud dan juga merupakan sebuah hasil negosiasi yang dilakukan keduanya dengan teks-teks keagamaan dan kondisi realitas kehidupan masyarakat di Mesir dan Arab Saudi. Jumah dan Usaimin memiliki sebuah keyakinan yang sama bahwa hukum hudud merupakan hak mutlak Tuhan yang tidak dapat diubah oleh siapapun. Akan tetapi, dalam hal penerapan hudud di era kontemporer, keduanya berbeda pendapat. Jumah lebih memprioritaskan sisi kemanusiaan untuk menangguhkan hudud, karena menurutnya ada beberap syarat yang tidak dapat terpenuhi, sedangkan Usaimin tidak bergeming dan tetap mewajibkan untuk menerapkan hudud
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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