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Teologi negatif Ibn Arabi : kritik metafisika ketuhanan
No full textBuku Teologi Negatif Ibn 'Arabi ini ingin memperkenalkan perspektif dan memperkaya wacana dalam cara kita bertuhan atau berteologi. Cara kita berteologi sejauh ini masih dalam koridor yang "normal", teologi yang membingkai Tuhan dalam konsep-konsep yang baku, formal, dan positif, sehingga menempatkan Tuhan sebagai realitas yang objektif, Tuhan dalam pengertian logos, Tuhan sebagai kepercayaan, Tuhan dalam suatu disiplin ilmu yang didasarkan pada asumsi-asumsi metafisis-ontologis tertentu. Ibn 'Arabi, selain sebagai seorang sufi besar, ternyata juga seorang teolog yang mumpuni, dalam artian ia melakukan teoretisasi ketuhanan dengan caranya sendiri. Karena itu, Tuhan, dalam teologi negatif, adalah Misteri. Ia adalah "Misteri yang Absolut" (al-ghayb al-muthlaq). Pengalaman Ibn 'Arabi ini merupakan sebuah eksperimentasi, betapa jalan menuju-Nya begitu terjal dan penuh onak berduri. Di wilayah tak bertuan itu, bahasa dan kata-kata seperti dibawa ke batas terakhirnya. Sejak Ibn 'Arabi, atau bahkan mungkin sejak Ibrahim, "iman" barangkali tak akan pernah sama. Ia bukan lagi wilayah yang dihuni oleh kata, oleh kalam, oleh logos dan metafisika, melainkan suatu ruang yang berada di antara kata-kata dan kebisuan, antara pemikiran dan non-pemikiran, antara pernyataan dan keheningan
KRITIK SASTRA DI PRANCIS
Full text linkThe emergence of literary criticism, as sort of “literary institution” in a modern sense, is relatively a new phenomenon in France as it happened in 19th century and would be more institutionalized in 20th century. It due to the progressive distinction between the author criticism and the critic cricitism as well as to the decline of poetic representation, which has been built on hierarchy of genres and critic’s superiority over authors in 17th century. This article traces the institutionalization of literary criticism and the duality of its practices through the lens of Roland Barthes’ “two criticism”, applied to read the practices of literary criticism in France from 16th century onwards.
Keywords: literary criticism, “two criticism”, crisis
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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