313 research outputs found
PERAN TAREKAT QODIRIYAH DALAM PEMENANGAN GUBERNUR DAN WAKIL GUBERNUR SULAWESI BARAT
No full textSejak diberlakukannya Pilkada langsung, ruang partisipasi rakyat dalam sistem politik di Indonesia semakin terbuka lebar. Rakyat semakin sadar akan peran pentingnya dalam mengambil sikap politiknya, tidak terkecuali komunitas tarekat Qadiriyah di Sulawesi Barat yang mengambil sikap untuk banyak mendukung pasangan Anwar Adnan Saleh – Amri Sanusi. Penelitian ini memfokuskan kajian pada apa alasan tarekat Qadiriyah cenderung mendukung pasangan Anwar Adnan Saleh – Amri Sanusi serta bagaimana peran tersebut dijalankan. Untuk tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini didasarkan pada penelitian studi kasus, dengan tipe penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Pemilihan informan yang akan diwawancarai pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan yaitu data primer dengan melakukan wawancara langsung kepada informan yang dipilih sebagai pedoman pengumpulan data yang kemudian dianalisis, sedangkan data sekunder yaitu data yang diperoleh dari berbagai sumber informasi terkait dengan masalah yang diteliti. Sumberinformasi yang dimaksud dapat berupa buku, jurnal, koran, dan situs-situs atau website yang diakses untuk memperoleh data yang akurat.Hasil penelitian ini kemudian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 3 faktor yang menjadi alasan tarekat Qadiriyah mendukung pasangan Anwar Adnan Saleh – Amri Sanusi pada Pilkada Sulawesi Barat. Pertama, faktor sejarah yaitu adanya pengalaman pimpinan tarekat Qadiriyah pada masa lalu yaitu Syekh K. H. Muhammad Shaleh berpartisipasi sebagai juru kampanye partai Golkar. Kedua,, faktor kedekatan antara mursyid tarekat dengan Anwar Adnan Saleh. Ketiga, faktor nilai yang berlaku pada tarekat yang mewajibkan para pengikutnya untuk senantiasa patuh terhadap mursyidnya. Sedangakan dalam upaya untuk memenangkan pasangan Anwar Adnan Saleh – Amri Sanusi, tarekat Qadiriyah secara garis besarnya melakukan 2 metode upaya, yaitu perjuangan di Internal maupun perjuangan di eksternal komunitas tarekat itu sendiri. Perjuangan di internal komunitas tarekat merupakan upaya yang dilakukan oleh elemen tarekat itu sendiri untuk mensosialisasikan tujuan tarekat Qadiriyah terlibat untuk mendukung salah satu calon pada Pilkada Sulawesi Barat sekaligus memaksimalkan dukungan dari komunitas tarekat itu sendiri. Perjuangan di eksternal komunitas tarekat merupakan upaya dari elemen tarekat Qadiriyah yang mempunyai pengaruh dalam masyarakat sehingga memungkinkan untuk dapat menjadi pendulang massa bagi Anwar Adnan Saleh – Amri Sanusi. Elemen tarekat yang dimaksud di sini secara garis besarnya dibagi dalam 4 kelompok, yaitu imam mesjid, pejabat/mantan pejabat birokrasi, politisi dan pengusaha
Peran Tarekat Qodiriyah dalam Pemenangan Gubernur dan Wakil Gubernur Sulawesi Barat
No full textSejak diberlakukannya Pilkada langsung, ruang partisipasi rakyat dalam sistem politik di Indonesia semakin terbuka lebar. Rakyat semakin sadar akan peran pentingnya dalam mengambil sikap politiknya, tidak terkecuali komunitas tarekat Qadiriyah di Sulawesi Barat yang mengambil sikap untuk banyak mendukung pasangan Anwar Adnan Saleh – Amri Sanusi. Penelitian ini memfokuskan kajian pada apa alasan tarekat Qadiriyah cenderung mendukung pasangan Anwar Adnan Saleh – Amri Sanusi serta bagaimana peran tersebut dijalankan. Untuk tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini didasarkan pada penelitian studi kasus, dengan tipe penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Pemilihan informan yang akan diwawancarai pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan yaitu data primer dengan melakukan wawancara langsung kepada informan yang dipilih sebagai pedoman pengumpulan data yang kemudian dianalisis, sedangkan data sekunder yaitu data yang diperoleh dari berbagai sumber informasi terkait dengan masalah yang diteliti. Sumberinformasi yang dimaksud dapat berupa buku, jurnal, koran, dan situs-situs atau website yang diakses untuk memperoleh data yang akurat.Hasil penelitian ini kemudian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 3 faktor yang menjadi alasan tarekat Qadiriyah mendukung pasangan Anwar Adnan Saleh – Amri Sanusi pada Pilkada Sulawesi Barat. Pertama, faktor sejarah yaitu adanya pengalaman pimpinan tarekat Qadiriyah pada masa lalu yaitu Syekh K. H. Muhammad Shaleh berpartisipasi sebagai juru kampanye partai Golkar. Kedua,, faktor kedekatan antara mursyid tarekat dengan Anwar Adnan Saleh. Ketiga, faktor nilai yang berlaku pada tarekat yang mewajibkan para pengikutnya untuk senantiasa patuh terhadap mursyidnya. Sedangakan dalam upaya untuk memenangkan pasangan Anwar Adnan Saleh – Amri Sanusi, tarekat Qadiriyah secara garis besarnya melakukan 2 metode upaya, yaitu perjuangan di Internal maupun perjuangan di eksternal komunitas tarekat itu sendiri. Perjuangan di internal komunitas tarekat merupakan upaya yang dilakukan oleh elemen tarekat itu sendiri untuk mensosialisasikan tujuan tarekat Qadiriyah terlibat untuk mendukung salah satu calon pada Pilkada Sulawesi Barat sekaligus memaksimalkan dukungan dari komunitas tarekat itu sendiri. Perjuangan di eksternal komunitas tarekat merupakan upaya dari elemen tarekat Qadiriyah yang mempunyai pengaruh dalam masyarakat sehingga memungkinkan untuk dapat menjadi pendulang massa bagi Anwar Adnan Saleh – Amri Sanusi. Elemen tarekat yang dimaksud di sini secara garis besarnya dibagi dalam 4 kelompok, yaitu imam mesjid, pejabat/mantan pejabat birokrasi, politisi dan pengusaha
A Fluid–Structure Interaction Analysis to Investigate the Influence of Magnetic Fields on Plaque Growth in Stenotic Bifurcated Arteries
No full textA finite element method is employed to examine the impact of a magnetic field on the development of plaque in an artery with stenotic bifurcation. Consistent with existing literature, blood flow is characterized as a Newtonian fluid that is stable, incompressible, biomagnetic, and laminar. Additionally, it is assumed that the arterial wall is linearly elastic throughout. The hemodynamic flow within a bifurcated artery, influenced by an asymmetric magnetic field, is described using the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) method. This technique incorporates the fluid–structure interaction coupling. The nonlinear system of partial differential equations is discretized using a stable P2P1 finite element pair. To solve the resulting nonlinear algebraic equation system, the Newton-Raphson method is employed. Magnetic fields are numerically modeled, and the resulting displacement, velocity magnitude, pressure, and wall shear stresses are analyzed across a range of Reynolds numbers (Re = 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000). The numerical analysis reveals that the presence of a magnetic field significantly impacts both the displacement magnitude and the flow velocity. In fact, introducing a magnetic field leads to reduced flow separation, an expanded recirculation area near the stenosis, as well as an increase in wall shear stress.A finite element method is employed to examine the impact of a magnetic field on the development of plaque in an artery with stenotic bifurcation. Consistent with existing literature, blood flow is characterized as a Newtonian fluid that is stable, incompressible, biomagnetic, and laminar. Additionally, it is assumed that the arterial wall is linearly elastic throughout. The hemodynamic flow within a bifurcated artery, influenced by an asymmetric magnetic field, is described using the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) method. This technique incorporates the fluid–structure interaction coupling. The nonlinear system of partial differential equations is discretized using a stable P2P1 finite element pair. To solve the resulting nonlinear algebraic equation system, the Newton-Raphson method is employed. Magnetic fields are numerically modeled, and the resulting displacement, velocity magnitude, pressure, and wall shear stresses are analyzed across a range of Reynolds numbers (Re = 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000). The numerical analysis reveals that the presence of a magnetic field significantly impacts both the displacement magnitude and the flow velocity. In fact, introducing a magnetic field leads to reduced flow separation, an expanded recirculation area near the stenosis, as well as an increase in wall shear stress.A finite element method is employed to examine the impact of a magnetic field on the development of plaque in an artery with stenotic bifurcation. Consistent with existing literature, blood flow is characterized as a Newtonian fluid that is stable, incompressible, biomagnetic, and laminar. Additionally, it is assumed that the arterial wall is linearly elastic throughout. The hemodynamic flow within a bifurcated artery, influenced by an asymmetric magnetic field, is described using the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) method. This technique incorporates the fluid–structure interaction coupling. The nonlinear system of partial differential equations is discretized using a stable P2P1 finite element pair. To solve the resulting nonlinear algebraic equation system, the Newton-Raphson method is employed. Magnetic fields are numerically modeled, and the resulting displacement, velocity magnitude, pressure, and wall shear stresses are analyzed across a range of Reynolds numbers (Re = 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000). The numerical analysis reveals that the presence of a magnetic field significantly impacts both the displacement magnitude and the flow velocity. In fact, introducing a magnetic field leads to reduced flow separation, an expanded recirculation area near the stenosis, as well as an increase in wall shear stressA finite element method is employed to examine the impact of a magnetic field on the development of plaque in an artery with stenotic bifurcation. Consistent with existing literature, blood flow is characterized as a Newtonian fluid that is stable, incompressible, biomagnetic, and laminar. Additionally, it is assumed that the arterial wall is linearly elastic throughout. The hemodynamic flow within a bifurcated artery, influenced by an asymmetric magnetic field, is described using the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) method. This technique incorporates the fluid–structure interaction coupling. The nonlinear system of partial differential equations is discretized using a stable P2P1 finite element pair. To solve the resulting nonlinear algebraic equation system, the Newton-Raphson method is employed. Magnetic fields are numerically modeled, and the resulting displacement, velocity magnitude, pressure, and wall shear stresses are analyzed across a range of Reynolds numbers (Re = 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000). The numerical analysis reveals that the presence of a magnetic field significantly impacts both the displacement magnitude and the flow velocity. In fact, introducing a magnetic field leads to reduced flow separation, an expanded recirculation area near the stenosis, as well as an increase in wall shear stress.A finite element method is employed to examine the impact of a magnetic field on the development of plaque in an artery with stenotic bifurcation. Consistent with existing literature, blood flow is characterized as a Newtonian fluid that is stable, incompressible, biomagnetic, and laminar. Additionally, it is assumed that the arterial wall is linearly elastic throughout. The hemodynamic flow within a bifurcated artery, influenced by an asymmetric magnetic field, is described using the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) method. This technique incorporates the fluid–structure interaction coupling. The nonlinear system of partial differential equations is discretized using a stable P2P1 finite element pair. To solve the resulting nonlinear algebraic equation system, the Newton-Raphson method is employed. Magnetic fields are numerically modeled, and the resulting displacement, velocity magnitude, pressure, and wall shear stresses are analyzed across a range of Reynolds numbers (Re = 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000). The numerical analysis reveals that the presence of a magnetic field significantly impacts both the displacement magnitude and the flow velocity. In fact, introducing a magnetic field leads to reduced flow separation, an expanded recirculation area near the stenosis, as well as an increase in wall shear stress
A reappraisal of attitudes to the 'People of the Book' in the Qur'an and hadith, with particular reference to Muslim fiscal policy and the covenant of 'Umar
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Customer churn prediction in the telecommunication sector using a rough set approach
No full textCustomer churn is a critical and challenging problem affecting business and industry, in particular, the rapidly growing, highly competitive telecommunication sector. It is of substantial interest to both academic researchers and industrial practitioners, interested in forecasting the behavior of customers in order to differentiate the churn from non-churn customers. The primary motivation is the dire need of businesses to retain existing customers, coupled with the high cost associated with acquiring new ones. A review of the field has revealed a lack of efficient, rule-based Customer Churn Prediction (CCP) approaches in the telecommunication sector. This study proposes an intelligent rule-based decision-making technique, based on rough set theory (RST), to extract important decision rules related to customer churn and non-churn. The proposed approach effectively performs classification of churn from non-churn customers, along with prediction of those customers who will churn or may possibly churn in the near future. Extensive simulation experiments are carried out to evaluate the performance of our proposed RST based CCP approach using four rule-generation mechanisms, namely, the Exhaustive Algorithm (EA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Covering Algorithm (CA) and the LEM2 algorithm (LA). Empirical results show that RST based on GA is the most efficient technique for extracting implicit knowledge in the form of decision rules from the publicly available, benchmark telecom dataset. Further, comparative results demonstrate that our proposed approach offers a globally optimal solution for CCP in the telecom sector, when benchmarked against several state-of-the-art methods. Finally, we show how attribute-level analysis can pave the way for developing a successful customer retention policy that could form an indispensable part of strategic decision making and planning process in the telecom sector
Folio
No full textNisar Ahmad-Essay-The Role of Stereotypes in the Development of the Female Personality. pp. 1-2; M. Moazzam Zubair-Essay-By Love Serve One Another. pp. 3; Jehanzeb Anwar-Essay-A Great Escape. pp. 4-5; Ahmed Ilyas Butt-Essay-War: A Solution for Peace. pp. 6-7; Fatima Zahra-Essay-Proliferation of Electronic Media and Youth. pp. 8; M. Imran-Essay-Environmental Pollution and Our Responsibility. pp. 9; Muiz Junaid Khan-Essay-Intelligence. pp. 10; Safa Aleem-Essay-A Wake-up Call. pp. 11; Fareeha Tahir-Essay-Karo Kari: The Cruelest Reality in Pakistan. pp. 12-13; Adnan Farooqui-Essay-Democracy. pp. 14; Riaz Akbar-Essay-Politics: a Dirty Game or a Human Necessity? pp. 15-16; Mujtaba Chaudhry-Essay-Emancipation of Women. pp. 17; Adeel Riaz-Essay-The Unheard Miseries of Bonded Laborers. pp. 18-19; Nazeef Ishtiaq-Essay-Pakistan Today. pp. 20; Muhammad Adeel-Short Story-Broken Threads. pp. 21-23; Tehreem Fatima-Short Story-But Still. pp. 24; Naima Fatima-Short Story-Once Upon a Time. pp. 25-26; Syed Irfan Haider Shah-Short Story-By The Riverside, I Sat and Wept! pp. 27-28; Faiqa Javed-Short Story-Ghosts. pp. 29; M. Bilal Aslam-Short Story-A Mysterious Night. pp. 30-31; Sabrina Asim-Short Story-A Dismal Encounter. pp. 32; Umair Vahidy-Short Story-Uncertain Ambiguities. pp. 33-36; Jahanzaib Aslam-Interview-Jamsheed Marker. pp. 37-43; U. Vahidy, H. Aslam-Interview-Cecil Chaudhry's Interview. pp. 44-48; N. Ahmad, K. Shah-Interview-Muhammad Junaid. pp. 49-51; N. Ishtriaq, U. Vahidy-Interview-Qazi Laeeque Ahmed. pp. 52-56; S. Aleem, S. Ahmad-Interview-Bilal Bajwa. pp. 57-58; M. Mesam Ismail-Reflections-Loneliness. pp. 59; Haya Fatima-Reflections-I Love to Fantasize. pp. 60; Jahanzeb Anwar-Reflections-A Faith for the Faithless. pp. 61; Fizza Ali Shah-Reflections-Where Are We Heading To. pp. 62; Rabia Shad-Reflections-Need of Revolution. pp. 63; Mariam Iqbal-Reflections-An Extract from a Mother�s Diary. pp. 64; Ali Abbas-Reflections-Sense of Responsibility. pp. 65; Sabrina Asim-Reflections-Painting in Words. pp. 66; Dr. Waseem Anwar-Poetry-Reading Between Silences. pp. 67; Muhammad Adeel-Poetry-The Hand. pp. 67; Nauman Ahmad-Poetry-Fragrance, Piercing Through My Heart. pp. 68; Shumyila Imam-Poetry-Human Right. pp. 68; M. Y. Sandhu-Poetry-To the Mausoleum. pp. 69; Mumtaz Hussain Kherani-Poetry-The Real Inventor. pp. 69; Shakeel Fiaz-Poetry-God Almighty. pp. 70; Jahanzaib-Poetry-My Mother. pp. 70; Ahmed Ilyas Butt-Poetry-A Walk in the Park. pp. 70; Tajwar Ali Buber-Poetry-My Craze. pp. 70; Samra Zafarullah-Poetry-How can we Forget? pp. 71; Tanzeel Ahmad Khan Niazy-Poetry-My Daddy. pp. 71; Toqeer Ahamad Wazir Gilgity-Poetry-Heart and Mind. pp. 71; Faisal Nizami-Poetry-I am... pp. 71; Basit Zafar-Poetry-Lord! pp. 72; Nauman Ahmad-Poetry-I Try Reaching You. pp. 72; Muiz Khan-Poetry-Untitled. pp. 72; Warda Tahseen-Poetry-I am Not a Perfect Girl. pp. 72; Nisar Ahmed-Poetry-Chaos. pp. 73; Furqan Farukh-Poetry-I'll Die Another Day. pp. 73; Nisar Ahmed-Poetry-Secret Joy. pp. 74; Jahangir Jan Khokhar-Poetry-I Want To. pp. 74; Arman Ahmed-Poetry-On the Edge of Dreaming. pp. 74; Professor Arif Qureshi-Poetry-Mother, O' Dear Mother! pp. 74; Furqan Farrukh-Poetry-Love at First Sight. pp. 75; Faisal Karim Nomali-Poetry-Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H.). pp. 75; Saad Akmal-Poetry-Laid Forgotten. pp. 75; Zamzam Rizvi-Poetry-A Lonely Island. pp. 76; Jahanzaib Aslam-Poetry-O My Beloved! pp. 76; Society Reports. pp. 77-80; [Urdu]. 80 p.Mr Jamsheed Marker. before page 37; Mr Cecil Chaudhry. after page 48; Qazi Laeeque Ahmed. after page 56; Mr Bilal Bajwa. before page 57; Presidents 2009-2010. after page 76; FCC Dramatic Club. before page 77; 20 pages covering different activities at FC, i.e. Alumni Reunion, Commencement, Honors Convocation, Drama, Class of 2010, Sports, Debates and Societies. after page 80; Professor Dr Agha Sohail. before page 7 Urdu section; Professor Dr Ehson Raza Khan. before page 15 Urdu sectio
Comparing Oversampling Techniques to Handle the Class Imbalance Problem: A Customer Churn Prediction Case Study
No full textCustomer retention is a major issue for various service-based organizations particularly telecom industry, wherein predictive models for observing the behavior of customers are one of the great instruments in customer retention process and inferring the future behavior of the customers. However, the performances of predictive models are greatly affected when the real-world data set is highly imbalanced. A data set is called imbalanced if the samples size from one class is very much smaller or larger than the other classes. The most commonly used technique is over/under sampling for handling the class-imbalance problem (CIP) in various domains. In this paper, we survey six well-known sampling techniques and compare the performances of these key techniques, i.e., mega-trend diffusion function (MTDF), synthetic minority oversampling technique, adaptive synthetic sampling approach, couples top-N reverse k-nearest neighbor, majority weighted minority oversampling technique, and immune centroids oversampling technique. Moreover, this paper also reveals the evaluation of four rules-generation algorithms (the learning from example module, version 2 (LEM2), covering, exhaustive, and genetic algorithms) using publicly available data sets. The empirical results demonstrate that the overall predictive performance of MTDF and rules-generation based on genetic algorithms performed the best as compared with the rest of the evaluated oversampling methods and rule-generation algorithms
Conflict of law and the methodology of Tarjīẖ : a study in Islamic legal theory
No full textIslamic law never achieved unity but expressed itself in, at least, four surviving schools. More interestingly, contemporary Muslim communities are still divided among themselves on a number of issues related to their laws. This work describes how problem of legal conflicts have been tackled by Muslim jurists. It is an attempt to examine closely the phenomenon of conflict in Islamic law from the standpoint of usūl-al-fiqh or Islamic legal theory. In fact, much is heard nowadays of the contradiction in the body of Islamic law. Whilst in contrast, little is presented in terms of the methodology of removing this conflict. The present work therefore, attempts to redress this balance. The emphasis of the work will be concerned primarily with tarjīh methodology ; how to give preference to one piece of evidence or argument over the other when they conflict. Nevertheless, considerable concern is given to investigating the background to the conflict of law in the Shari'ah.
This study of a neglected area in Islamic legal scholarship will be an important source of reference to students, both practising and theoretical jurists or to anyone who merely wishes to increase his knowledge of legal themes, particularly legal conflict. The very aim of the work is to argue that conflict is a natural and unavoidable consequence of legal study because legal conflict is only conflicting principles and arguments adduced by both the classical and modern jurists to reach what is actually intended by God in the target case. Therefore, conflicts are inevitable in most of the cases in fiqh owing to the variety of principles set out to deal with one piece of legal evidence, let alone with all the pieces of legal evidence in question.
Tarjīh is therefore, an important and workable instrument in the re-examination of these conflicts and in arriving at the most accurate principle for establishing the law for as long as this is possible. It is hoped that the discovery of new facts and the increase of knowledge which results from the broadening and deepening of the research will positively contribute to the process of unification of Islamic law
Deplovement of Interactive Student Worksheet of Chemistry Learning in Senior High School (SMA)
No full textThis research is a development research that aims to produce a valid, practical, and effective Interactive Student Worksheet of chemistry learning in senior high school. Interactive worksheets were developed include: true-false, multiple choice, multiple choice with more than one correct answer, match, sort, maps, and crossword puzzles. The development model used on is ADDIE development model with five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The validity based on assessments of two validators and two chemistry teachers. Test the practicality of the device is done by giving a questionnaire on student. The effectiveness is based on N-gain critical thinking skills of students. The trial stiffened in class XI MIA student of SMAN 11 Makassar in the second semester of the academic year 2014-2015. Interactive worksheets were developed have valid, practical and effective criteria. The average results of the validation performed by experts for true-false, multiple choices, multiple choices with more than one correct answer, matching, sequencing, mapping, and crossword puzzles of interactive worksheets are: 4.08; 4.02; 4.27; 4.11; 4.10; 4.38; and 4.25 respectively. Results of the validation by chemistry teacher shows the average value for true -false, multiple choices, multiple choices with more than one correct answer, matching, sequencing, mapping, and crossword puzzles of interactive worksheets are: 4.15; 4.13; 4.05; 4.16; 4.16; 4.16; 4.36; and 4.25 respectively. The percentage of positive responses of students to true false, multiple choices, multiple choices with more than one correct answer, matching, sequencing, mapping, and crossword puzzles interactive worksheets are: 74.8; 72.2; 71.3; 71.1; 72.5; 75.8; and 75.8 respectively. The average N-gain critical thinking skills of students was 0.45 or medium category
Does ESG Affect Credit Risk?
No full textEnvironmental, social, and governance (ESG) concerns became increasingly crucial for financial institutions, including banks, as they faced new types of risks associated with ESG factors. This study aims to investigate how these ESG dimensions affected non-performing loans (NPLs) in banks across ASEAN countries. With rising investor demand for sustainable practices and intensified regulatory pressures, incorporating ESG risks into risk management frameworks became imperative. This study uses panel data regression analysis along with the Chow and Hausman tests to assess the impact of ESG factors on NPL. The sample comprised banks from Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, selected based on Refinitiv Eikon's ESG values. The findings revealed that while environmental and governance performance had a statistically significant negative impact on NPLs, indicating that better environmental and governance practices were associated with fewer loan defaults, social performance showed a statistically significant positive effect on NPLs, suggesting that higher social scores correlated with increased loan defaults. This study highlighted the need for banks to carefully balance their social initiatives with financial stability and underscored the importance of integrating ESG factors into risk management strategies to enhance overall financial health and sustainability
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