1,721,002 research outputs found
Menuju Teologi Sains The New Philosophy of Science
Full text linkPengembangan sains berbasis agama, ternyata bukan hanya merupakan problem keilmuan semata, tetapi sekaligus merupakan problem kemasyarakatan dan keislaman. Sehingga persoalannya bukan hanya terkaitupaya menemukan basis filsafat ilmu dan dukungan metodologi, tetapi juga upaya melakukan rekonstruksi pola pikir masyarakat dan pemahaman keislaman. Beberapa konsep kunci keislaman, yang mestinya merupakan "tempat" yang subur bagi pengembangan sains, namun kenyataannya banyak dimengerti sebagai penghambat, kalau tidak malah sebagai penghalang bagi tumbuh-kembangnya sains dalam Islam. Penyelesaian secara mendasar terhadap problem tersebut mendesak untuk segera diberikan, untuk menemukan kemungkinan irisan dan area negosiasi dengan sains, agar upaya besar pengembangan sains Islam dapat landing dengan landai.
Program pengembangan ilmu pada Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam [PTKI] baik negeri maupun swasta, semakin memastikan bahwa sains yang bersatupadu dengan agama bukan hanya sekedar diwacanakan. Pertemuan keduanya sudah terjadi dan sudah melahirkan satu bentuk sains dengan corak dan nuansa yang baru, yaitu corak dan nuansa keislaman. Sains yang sudah dengan corak dan nuansa keislaman inilah yang disebut Sains Islam, baik dalam pengertiannya sebagai aktivitas ilmiah maupun sebagai produk ilmiah, yang secara "hard ware" berupa karya buku, artikel, dan hasil penelitian, dan secara "soft ware" berupa konsep, teori, dan metodologi
Pemikiran Imre Lakatos tentang "Metodologi Program Riset", yang telah berhasil mempertemukan prinsip falsifikasi Popperian dan paradigma Kuhnian, sekaligus membuat dua prinsip itu menjadi fungsional sebagai metodologi pengembangan ilmu. Upaya Lakatos itu nyatanya telah memberikan kontribusi yang besar dalam pengembangan Filsafat Ilmu, karena tidak saja menegaskan bahwa pengembangan ilmu itu mesti dilakukan secara kolaboratif dan berkelanjutan, tetapi bahkan ia sekaligus menawarkan dukungan metodologisnya. Lebih dari itu, tawaran Lakatos juga menyediakan asumsi "tak terbantahkan" yang ia sebut dengan "the hard core" sebagai bagian tak terpisahkan dalam "scientific building". Keberadaan dan posisi the hard core ini yang memungkinkan sains Islam, sebagai sains yang berbasis agama, bukan hanya mungkin untuk dikembangkan, tetapi juga telah menemukan basis metodologinya.
Filsafat ilmu Imre Lakatos dengan 'metodologi program riset' telah dapat membantu untuk membaca bahwa sains dengan sifatnya yang logis, empiris, rasional, dan faktual telah dapat diletakkan dalam konteks budaya yang kompleks dan manusiawi, bahkan dapat dengan landai didudukkan pada konteks agama yang normatif dan teologis. Jika selama ini konteks budaya hanya membuat sains menjadi tidak objektif dan tidak saintifik, dalam konstruksi paradigma keilmuan integratif justru posisi budaya menjadi semakin diperjelas perannya. Jika selama ini dimengerti ketika sains dan agama disatupadukan, hanya melahirkan pseudo sains karena sains kemasukan unsur keimanan, dan hanya membuat iman menjadi lemah a tau bahkan menjadi hilang iman, sebab agama kemasukan unsur saintifik, maka dengan kerangka filsafat ilmu, posisi dan peran masing• masing telah menjadi jelas.
Pembangunan paradigma ilmiah integratif sudah tentu merupakan proyek keilmuan yang sangat besar, meski demikian, hams diakui, keberhasilan melakukan rekonstruksi paradigma
baru itu masih belum cukup, sebab masih hams didukung oleh tersedianya metodologi yang operasional, fungsional dan efektif. Pembahsan dalam buku ini juga bermaksud menawarkan metodologi pengembangan sains berbasis paradigma integratif, yang tidak hanya fungsional atau operasional, tetapi juga menjamin produktivitas, bahkan aman dari jeratan praktek kasar pseudosaintifik dan praktek berlebihan sains ideologis. Rekonstruksi metodologi pengembangan ilmu berbasis agama mendesak untuk dilakukan, di satu sisi untuk memberi jawaban atas keraguan akan kompetabilitasnya dengan ilmu-ilmu keislaman, dan pada sisi yang lain membantah kekhawatiran akan hilangnya atau terkikisnya nilai-nilai keislaman, justm dengan semakin dijalankannya riset-riset ilmiah, a tau dikembangkannya nalar ilmiah secara umum
Tidak hanya di Indonesia, tetapi juga di beberapa negara lain, termasuk di Malaysia, dalam satu atau dua dekade terakhir telah muncul tren menarik bahwa perguruan tinggi Islam mengembangkan paradigma integratif dalam pengelolaan pendidikan tinggi, serta dalam pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Di Indonesia, beberapa Universitas Islam Negeri [UIN], dan beberapa perguruan tinggi swasta, seperti Unida Gontor, juga telah mengembangkan tradisi akademik yang mengintegrasikan sains dan Islam, bahkan mengembangkan sains dalam bingkai "Islamic worldview". Dari aspek filosofis, perkembangan tradisi keilmuan di beberapa perguruan tinggi tersebut memang menimbulkan permasalahan mendasar, mungkinkah ilmu yang dikembangkan dengan konteks agama bisa bersifat ilmiah. Sebab pandangan selama ini, agar dapat memenuhi kriteria ilmiah dan obyektivitas, ilmu pengetahuan hams terhindar dari unsur subjektivitas ilmuwan, dan menghilangkan intersubjektivitas tradisi dan budaya. Maka dengan gencarnya wacana integrasi ilmu pengetahuan dan agama, mau tidak mau, filsafat ilmu hams melihatnya sebagai persoalan kekinian yang hams dicarikan solusinya.
Refleksi lebih lanjut dari pandangan filosofis tersebut adalah bahwa landasan pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan yang terdiri dari teori, paradigma, dan asumsi teologis menjamin pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan berbasis agama menjadi mungkin, dan lebih dari itu menjamin terhindarnya pola ideologis dan pseudoscientific dalam pengembangan ilmu. Seiring dengan terbukanya wilayah keagamaan pada bangunan keilmuan, maka hal tersebut dapat membuka dimensi ham dalam keilmuan, yang membawa karya ilmiah tidak dapat lagi mengingkari konteks keagamaan. Dimensi ham tersebut adalah dimensi teologis ilmu pengetahuan, dan itulah teologi ilmu pengetahuan. Maka teologi ilmu di satu pihak mempakan landasan integrasi ilmu, baik antar ilmu pengetahuan maupun antara ilmu pengetahuan dan agama [teologi], dan di pihak lain teologi ilmu sekaligus sebagai basis pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan yang mendasari pemilihan paradigma ilmiah dan penetapan teori serta metodologi dalam kegiatan ilmiah.
Dalam konteks Islam, maka aspek ilmu dalam Islam, sudah tentu di samping aspek budaya dan aspek doktrin• agama, merupakan ruang bagi setiap upaya pengembangan ilmu. Oleh karena itu kerja saintifik dapat sebagai wujud dari keberagamaan Islam. Atau dengan kata lain, dalam ruang ilmu, beragama itu wujudnya adalah pengembangan ilmu dan kerja ilmiah, sehingga ilmuwan muslim dapat kerja ilmiah secara produktif, tanpa meragukan agamanya atau imannya, apalagi meninggalkannya. Begitu pula, ilmuwan muslim menjadi tidak perlu dan tidak ada benar-benarnya, demi menguatkan imannya lalu meninggalkan kerja ilmiah. Beberapa kajian di buku ini merupakan rekonstruksi pembangunan sains berbasis agama, dengan mempertimbangkan detail persoalan pengembangannya. Di samping itu, juga ada beberapa bagian yang mau tidak mau mendapatkan sorotan dan kritisisme dari Filsafat Ilmu.
Buku ini dapat terbit adalah atas bantuan sdr. Dr. Muhammad Taqiyuddin, M.Ag. yang telah membaca dan me• nyelaraskan percikan pemikiran saya sehingga menjadi satu kesatuan yang utuh dan lebih sistematis. Oleh karena itu, dalam kesempatan ini saya sampaikan penghargaan dan terimakasih atas jerih payahnya. Ucapan terimaksih juga saya sampaikan kepada teman-teman dosen pemerhati filsafat ilmu, juga segenap mahasiswa yang diskusi-diskusinya telah turut memperkaya pembahasan buku ini. Selanjutnya penulis berharap kritik dan saran dari para pembaca untuk perbaikan karya ini dan karya-karya selanjutnya. Semoga karya sederhana ini dapat memberikan manfaat, terutama bagi upaya pembangunan tradisi ilmiah berbasis agam
Menara Persekutuan Melaka / Muhammad Taqiyuddin Iqbal ... [et al.]
Full text linkMenara Persekutuan Melaka is located at Jalan Persekutuan, Hang Tuah Jaya, 75450 Ayer Keroh Melaka which it is in the middle of MITC Melaka. Menara Persekutuan Melaka is a government building and it is built for government agencies at Melaka. The total occupant of the building is 781 people and the total department in the building is 27 departments including, PERHILITAN, Arkib Negara Malaysia Melaka, Jabatan Perancangan Bandar Dan Desa and more. The facility that provided in this building is toilets, cafeteria, prayer rooms and parking lots around the building. For the building services, there are 7 types of services in the building such as water supply system, firefighting system, lift system, air conditioning system, electrical distribution system, security system and telecommunication system. In maintenance management, it explains about the organizational objectives. The objective is the organization aim to grasp the achievement, a systematic structure of organizational makes the employee easier to work better, it also allows it to remain delivering excellence in every works within the organization, and every position needs to understand their role in a building’s operation maintenance to do their work better. The organization chart is including the facility manager in the building, assistant manager, electrical facility and more. There is also the responsible for every role in the building. Planning is a key element of maintenance management. The execution of maintenance plans need to be monitored to ensure that the actual outcomes match the expected outcomes. If there is no maintenance planning, policy, and programme in the building will face many problems such as delays and lost time during the completing of jobs, incorrect identification of materials resulting in false starts, delays or makeshift repairs and also poor co-ordination of personnel resulting in excessing waiting and idle time. For the Menara Persekutuan Melaka, they have their maintenance planning with the suitable seclude. So they have their guideline for the maintenance work. So the life span by the Menara Persekutuan Melaka can be increase and the aesthetic value of the building can be remained for a long term.
For chapter building design and technology provide and explain about the building design and concept by architect. This building use a specific shape as in geometrical shapes with the identity of Melaka that located at the roof of Menara Persekutuan Melaka. For services and facilities, this chapter explain about all the services in the whole building which is are all the item in Menara Persekutuan Melaka such as sewerage systems, mechanical and electrical system, firefighting system, security system and telecommunication system. Besides, this chapter also explains about the special technologies that are being used such as Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) and Building Automation System (BAS). Other than that, these technologies also help this building towards a well-planned maintenance management system as well as towards a better building. Next, for the building condition assessment, we have summarise that the importance of finding defects to maintain and keep the building in a good condition, looks aesthetic and prestige also keep it functionality and performance. For Menara Persekutuan Melaka, the building on good condition and less of defect. Ambang Wira have their schedule to make sure the inspection work going smoothly the building surveyor need to follow the procedure step by step. The proper maintenance and inspection of building by Ambang Wira make the building less defect because many defect that happen at the building they take fast action to solve the problem. Menara Persekutuan Melaka do not have benchmarking process, key performance indicator (KPI) and penalty or deduction for the maintenance management. They only use minor broke down for a day repairing and the major broke down with suitable time or day to finish repairing. By the way, their maintenance strategy or preventive plan maintenance that we take for this chapter is suitable for this chapter because it is the strategy that Ambang Wira use as strategy to maintain the building. Maintenance stratergy is a long-term that covering all aspects of maintenance management which sets the direction for maintenance management and contain firm action plans for archiving a desired future state for maintenance function. The plan preventive maintenance that Ambang Wira use very suitable because the outcome from their plan preventive maintenance, there are less of breakdown or defect at the building. The legal aspect for this chapter is tenancy agreement, building service contract, and law regulation related to the building such Uniform Building by Law 1984, Act 133, Street Drainage and Building 1974, Occupation Safety and Health 1994 and Electrical Supply Act 1990. For Menara Persekutuan Melaka, they do not have tenancy agreement between the agency or office because all the agency is government agency. The building was built for all agency at the building have their office at Melaka. Tenancy only have between cafeteria and the owner of the building. For service contract, the agreement between services provided at the building with the owner. For laws and regulation, the building was complying with the act that provided to the building. All laws that we check such UBBL, Street, drainage and building Act, OSHA and Electrical Supply Act are complying at the building. So the building is safety and suitable with the occupant because of the comply with the act and regulation. Last but not least, in chapter Financial and Maintenance Management, it explains about Menara Persekutuan Melaka has their financial management to maintain the building in a good condition. Ambang Wira is acompany that responsible to manage the whole building and get the financial income from JKR to manage and to expand the life period of the building with a good maintenance work. On 2018, the budget that they get for the maintenance and the whole utilities is RM 1,800,800.00. From that money, they use for the expenditure such as general expenditure, utilities, maintenance, civil and structure, and the others. It also has some maintenance that have not be paid every month such as sewerage and the permit of the lift. So the maintenance department, Ambang Wira will have their schedule for the maintenance budget. For the total expenditure of the building on 2018 is RM108,991.18. Next, the forecast 2019,2020 and 2021 the budget for the maintenance gain remain especially for 2020 and 2021 because the increases of the salary of maintenance department
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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