1,720,983 research outputs found
Economic Globalization, Job Insecurity and the Populist Reaction
No full textstriking change in the political party systems of many established democracies in recent years has been the rise to electoral and political prominence of right-wing populist parties. Moving beyond the usual anti-statism and racism attitudinal explanatory foci, this article posits that popular support for these parties is associated with the job insecurity that populist party leaders have attributed to deepening international economic integration, or economic globalization. The conceptualization of job insecurity is discussed and its expected relationship to the mercantilism of right-wing populist parties clarified. The hypothesis is tested in the specific context of support for Pauline Hanson’s One Nation Party in the 1998 election to the Australian federal House of Representatives. The article concludes with a consideration of the wider implications of its findings.\ud
\u
Jihad in the West: The Threat Posed by Salafist Terrorism to the United States and Western Europe
Get PDFThere are two main types of jihadi terrorism that have plagued the Western world in the post 9/11 era: Organized attacks planned by an established terrorist groups and homegrown attacks carried out by unaffiliated individuals. A fundamentalist interpretation of Islam known as Salafism is used as a starting point and inspiration for such organizations and individuals to commit jihadist violence against the West. Terrorist organizations that use a Salafist interpretation of Islam have had the largest presence in the post-9/11 world such as Al-Qaeda and their affiliates and the Islamic State and their affiliates. This project aims to find out the overall threat Salafist terrorism poses to the United States and Western Europe as well as the threat of each type of terrorism in these regions. Secondary sources ranging from subjects on Muslim immigration to Europe to common trends in attacks that have occurred on Western soil since 9/11 will be used extensively to accurately calculate the threat of each type of attack. The Global Terrorism Database will also be used to extract valuable data over target locations, types of weapons used, and casualties per attacks. In addition, primary sourced documents, such as Al-Qaeda’s Inspire, and the Islamic State’s Dabiq and Rumiyah dating from 2010-2017, will be analyzed to gain insight into the type of education being put out to radicalize and “train” lone actors to commit acts of terrorism. While the overall threat is small, but not negligible, Western Europe is shown to be under a far greater threat than that of the United States. Western Europe, due to a number of political and geographical reasons, is more at risk of organized group attacks than the United States while small, homegrown terrorism pose a greater threat to the United States. This research presents an accurate threat-assessment of two main types of attacks of Salafist terrorism in order to cut through political and media hyperbole and give future researchers and politicians a sound source and conclusion to create educated policy from.Department of International Studies at the Ohio State UniversityNo embargoAcademic Major: International Studie
Disengaged Development: Neoliberal Strategies for a Stable Somalia
Get PDFSomalia still has a problem with ineffective central governance that began when colonial rule ended in the 1960’s. Recently, a new democratic government has taken office vowing to bring an end to this troubling post-colonial legacy. But despite its promotion of a new vision for the country, Somalis continue to be plagued by violence, malnutrition, and political and economic instability. This project will argue that responsibility for this uphill struggle lies in Western redevelopment strategies whose goal is to liberalize the global south. Through this study, it will become evident how neoliberal discourses of entrepreneurialism and self-responsibility have allowed the new Somali government to disengage from enacting policies to change the harsh and unforgiving living environment that many Somalis experience every day. It is a qualitative study whose evidential basis includes analyzing speeches and writing by members of the Somali government, studies conducted by NGOs, as well as a literature review. Neoliberal governmental failure to regulate and direct change in Somalia has affected two important populations, both committed to the development of the, in different ways. The Somali diaspora appears to endorse the neoliberal project as it continues to provide remittances and strong governmental leaders that are crucial to its implementation. Domestic Somalis have also bought into the neoliberal mentality, however, a perceived lack of substantive political and economic power has led some to turn to informal means of carving out a reasonable livelihood for themselves and others (i.e. terrorism and piracy). Grafting Western neoliberal values onto a previously illiberal nation has only exacerbated the inequality, contradictions, and dissonance that it set out to remedy.No embargoAcademic Major: Political Scienc
Corruption, Pedophilia and Accountability in Mexico: The Case of Lydia Cacho Ribeiro
Get PDFIt is widely acknowledged in the literature on ‘illiberal’ democracies that there are deficits in institutional guarantees of accountability in many new Latin American democracies. Guillermo O’Donnell defines two dimensions traditionally used to measure the quality of democracy: vertical electoral and horizontal accountability. Vertical accountability focuses on elections as a form of control that citizens have over their government. Horizontal accountability concerns the effective operation of the system of checks and balances and due process in governmental decision making (O’Donnell: 1995). Catalina Smulovitz and Enrique Peruzzotti claim that the concept of vertical accountability must not be limited only to elections. They claim “by focusing on traditional mechanisms of accountability- elections, the separation of powers, and the existence of a system of checks and balances among the various branches of government- [one] ignores the growth of alternative forms of political control that rely on citizen action and civil-society organizations.” There is a very important social dimension to accountability that can be especially valuable in Latin American democracies (Smulovitz and Peruzzotti: 2000).
In this research I refine the understanding of the concept of accountability through an empirical case study of Lydia Cacho Ribeiro, a Mexican human rights/women’s rights defender who exposed a child prostitution ring in Cancun, Mexico. Cacho’s case is important for one’s understanding of the obstacles and successes in Mexico’s current democracy. From this case I draw conclusions on how social accountability can be used to strengthen Latin American democracies. In this research I explore models of organized crime and corruption in Mexico, the roles of international and domestic human rights organizations in exposing the Cacho’s case, the resistance of some government officials to social accountability, and the impact this case had on initiating horizontal mechanisms of control.
I conclude that social accountability is important in Mexico because civil society has to play a strong role as a social watchdog and investigator because the Congress is still weak and old authoritarian centers of power still maintain a firm hold over state-level judiciaries. Also, international and domestic human rights organizations must play a central role in setting and pushing agendas. Nevertheless, social accountability mechanisms in Mexico are becoming more focused and effective at producing a clearer response in terms of actual congressional legislation and Supreme Court action. Mexico’s case exemplifies the much stronger role civil society must play in new democracies. However, highlighting social accountability is not meant to deemphasize the importance of horizontal/vertical accountability but rather stress how social accountability can promote and strengthen horizontal accountability.No embarg
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
They Talk of Days for Which They Sit and Wait: Abbas, Netanyahu, and the Abandonment of Moderation in Modern Israeli-Palestinian Relations
Get PDFThe primary aim of this thesis is to explore what influences governability in polarized societies; specifically, why democratic leaders move from moderation to intransigence on policy proposals. It argues that there are two main factors making for un-governability in polarized societies. The first is the constraint placed on leaders’ choices by the force of public opinion, which precludes those leaders from compromising with one another. Public opinion alone is not sufficient to explain this dynamic, however, as public opinion remains largely stable in the medium to long term while the actions and preferences of leaders can change drastically in the short term. Consequently, while public opinion is the underlying condition that sets parameters from which politicians would be wise not to stray, the second and at times more compelling factor is how public opinion is refracted through the internal dynamics of political coalitions and, by extension, how politicians manipulate public opinion to suit their own purposes.
To demonstrate the validity of the above arguments, I will analyze an issue that has once again entered the political limelight thanks in part to the Trump administration: the political polarization in, and dubious governability of, modern Israel. More specifically, I will examine two separate cases in which public opinion interacted with coalition dynamics to constrain the ability of leaders to govern through compromise – one each for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and President Mahmoud Abbas. Netanyahu’s case study revolves around his capitulation to more extreme elements within his governing coalition that sought to pass a bill to seize Palestinian land and deny those Palestinians the right to claim ownership until a diplomatic solution was reached regarding the status of the territories; for Abbas, I will analyze his most recent attempt to formalize a relationship between his party, Fatah, and his primary opposition, Hamas. Of importance to the latter case are the recent Fatah-inspired electricity cuts and the withholding of pay to Palestinian Authority employees within the Gaza Strip that refuse to stop working under Hamas’ rule.No embargoAcademic Major: International Studie
Presidential-Congressional Conflict in Domestic and Foreign Policymaking: A Fresh Approach to its Measurement and Explanation
Get PDFThe University Archives has determined that this item is of continuing value to OSU's history.Presidential-congressional conflict is the leitmotif of American
government. Historically, however, a congressional tradition of
bipartisanship in foreign policymaking has meant that conflict has
been far more characteristic of domestic policy debate. In the
contemporary era, however, the erosion of bipartisanship, the
prevalence of divided government and the increasing divisiveness
of a number of overseas commitments have meant that foreign
policy decisions in particular have become more controversial in
Washington DC. Surprisingly, however, very little is known about
the short-term dynamics of congressional-presidential conflict in
either policy sphere. A good part of the reason is that nobody has
produced a measure that, one, picks up short-term variation in
the incidence and intensity of conflict between the two branches
of government and, two, that can be used to sketch the pattern
of similarities and differences in the character of foreign as
opposed to domestic policy conflict. Content analyzing newspaper
articles, this project proposes such a measure and investigates
its relationship to, amongst other things, public opinion,
economic performance and overseas involvement.Mershon Center for International Security Studiesproject summar
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
