197,661 research outputs found
Elak konflik mahkamah syariah, Jabatan Mufti
No full textADA dua institusi agama yang sangat signifikan dalam sistem perundangan Islam di Malaysia sejak sebelum merdeka hingga hari ini.
Institusi itu ialah institusi kehakiman atau Mahkamah Syariah dan institusi fatwa atau Jabatan Mufti.
Pada zaman Kesultanan Melaka, mufti menjadi penasihat kepada Sultan yang pada masa itu merangkap ketua hakim untuk membuat keputusan kes. Mahkamah Syariah suatu ketika dahulu dikenali dengan nama Mahkamah Kadi.
Mufti pula pada masa dahulu ditugaskan untuk menasihatkan Sultan dalam hal ehwal agama Islam.
Hakikatnya, tugas mufti kekal hingga hari ini dan dimasukkan dalam undang-undang pentadbiran agama Islam bagi setiap negeri di Malaysia.
Dari segi objektif, kedua-dua institusi itu sama, iaitu berkaitan dengan memelihara kesucian agama Islam serta aqidah umat Islam, selain menjadikan syariah sebagai asas keadilan.
Satu lagi sifat kesamaan yang ada di antara kedua-dua institusi ini ialah bersifat kenegerian. Mereka milik kerajaan negeri kecuali Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Labuan dan Putrajaya
Processing and Analysis of Multichannel Extracellular Neuronal Signals: State-of-the-art and Challenges
No full textIn recent years multichannel neuronal signal acquisition systems have allowed scientists to focus on research questions which were otherwise impossible. They act as a powerful means to study brain (dys)functions in in-vivo and in in-vitro animal models. Typically, each session of electrophysiological experiments with multichannel data acquisition systems generate large amount of raw data. For example, a 128 channel signal acquisition system with 16 bits A/D conversion and 20 kHz sampling rate will generate approximately 17 GB data per hour (uncompressed). This poses an important and challenging problem of inferring conclusions from the large amounts of acquired data. Thus, automated signal processing and analysis tools are becoming a key component in neuroscience research, facilitating extraction of relevant information from neuronal recordings in a reasonable time. The purpose of this review is to introduce the reader to the current state-of-the-art of open-source packages for (semi)automated processing and analysis of multichannel extracellular neuronal signals (i.e., neuronal spikes, local field potentials, electroencephalogram, etc.), and the existing Neuroinformatics infrastructure for tool and data sharing. The review is concluded by pinpointing some major challenges that are to be faced, which include the development of novel benchmarking techniques, cloud-based distributed processing and analysis tools, as well as defining novel means to share and standardize data
Hukum penggunaan Karmin sebagai bahan pewarna Makanan dan Minuman menurut Fatwa MUI no 33 tahun 2011 dan jabatan Mufti Kerajaan Brunei 29 Juli 2015
No full textM. Basyirul Ghoib,“Hukum Penggunaan Karmin sebagai Bahan Pewarna Makanan dan Minuman Menurut Fatwa MUI No. 33 Tahun 2011 dan Jabatan Mufti Kerajaan Brunei Darussalam 29 Juli 2015” .
Meningkatnya kesadaran konsumen Muslim terhadap kehalalan produk makanan dan minuman, termasuk bahan tambahan seperti pewarna. Karmin, yang berasal dari ekstrak serangga Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus), secara luas digunakan dalam industri makanan, kosmetik, dan farmasi karena warna merah alaminya. Namun, status hukum karmin menimbulkan perbedaan pandangan antar lembaga fatwa Islam. Di satu sisi, Fatwa MUI No. 33 Tahun 2011 menyatakan bahwa karmin halal, sementara di sisi lain, Fatwa Jabatan Mufti Kerajaan Brunei Darussalam pada 29 Juli 2015 menetapkannya sebagai haram. Perbedaan ini memicu pertanyaan teoretis dan praktis mengenai metode istinbat, dalil hukum, dan standar halal yang berlaku di tingkat global.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1) Bagaimana hukum penggunaan bahan pewarna karmin menurut Fatwa MUI; (2) Bagaimana hukum karmin menurut Fatwa Jabatan Mufti Kerajaan Brunei Darussalam; dan (3) Bagaimana analisis perbandingan kedua fatwa tersebut .
Penyebab terjadinya perbedaan pendapat antara fatwa MUI dan Jabatan Mufti Kerajaan Brunei adalah; Pertama, perbedaan dalam penetapan sumber sumber hukum yang dipakai seperti Al-Qur’an dan Hadist; Kedua, perbedaan penggunaan metode istinbat yang dipakai qiyas; Ketiga, perbedaan dalam metode pendekatan qiyas yang dipakai
Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian Deskriptif-Komparatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data primer diperoleh dari teks resmi fatwa MUI No. 33 tahun 2011 dan Fatwa Jabatan Mufti Brunei 29 Juli 2015. Data-data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan studi pustaka (library research). Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah deskriptif komparatif
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan. 1) Menurut Fatwa MUI No. 33 Tahun 2011, karmin dinyatakan halal karena berasal dari serangga Cochineal yang tergolong hewan kecil dengan darah yang tidak mengalir, sehingga dipandang suci dan tidak najis. MUI menggunakan pendekatan qiyās dengan membandingkan Cochineal dengan belalang yang disebutkan dalam hadis sebagai hewan yang halal. 2) Sebaliknya, menurut Fatwa Jabatan Mufti Kerajaan Brunei Darussalam tanggal 29 Juli 2015, karmin dikategorikan haram karena, Brunei menggunakan pendekatan qiyas dengan membandingkan Cochineal dengan bangkai. Mufti Brunei juga menyoroti potensi bahaya kesehatan, sehingga menggunakan pendekatan ihtiyāṭ (kehati-hatian). 3) Perbandingan kedua fatwa menunjukkan perbedaan metode istinbāṭ, di mana MUI lebih mengedepankan asas kemanfaatan dan kelaziman industry, sementara Mufti Brunei berorientasi pada prinsip kesucian dan pencegahan mudarat
The Case for Upfront HLA-Matched Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation as a Curative Option for Adult Acquired Severe Aplastic Anemia
No full textThe improved success of HLA-matched unrelated donor (MUD) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for severe aplastic anemia (SAA) in recent decades has had an impact on the indications for and timing of this treatment modality. In the absence of a matched sibling donor (MSD), historically MUD HSCT was reserved as an option after failure to respond to at least 2 courses of immunosuppressive therapy (IST) in adults with SAA, but with improved outcomes over time, it is now considered following failure to respond to 1 course of IST. Recent national and international studies and guidelines now recommend upfront MUD HSCT as an option for children for whom an MUD is readily available, because outcomes are similar to those for MSD HSCT. Fludarabine-based conditioning and the use of in vivo T cell depletion with antithymocyte globulin or alemtuzumab has been associated with a reported overall survival (OS) of >85% in adult patients undergoing MUD HSCT. However, the recent introduction of eltrombopag for patients with SAA has transformed the treatment landscape, and there is currently much interest in its use with IST as upfront treatment, which showed a high response rate in an early-phase study. The risks of HSCT, especially graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), need to be carefully balanced against the concerns of IST, namely relapse and later clonal evolution to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). In the absence of a current prospective randomized trial comparing these 2 approaches, in this review we examine the evidence supporting consideration of early MUD HSCT in adults with SAA who would have been considered for MSD HSCT but who lack a MSD and for whom an MUD is readily available, especially using an irradiation-free conditioning regimen, with a low risk of GVHD, as another treatment option. This option may be offered to patients to provide them with an informed choice, with the aim of curing disease rather than achieving freedom from disease, relapse-free survival, or OS. Furthermore, understanding the immune signature for the response to IST and the immunologic responses to somatic mutations and clonal progression to MDS/AML may help define the future indications for upfront HSCT and a more precise medical approach to therapy
Trends and Challenges in Neuroengineering: Toward “Intelligent” Neuroprostheses through Brain-“Brain Inspired Systems” Communication
No full textFuture technologies aiming at restoring and enhancing organs function will intimately rely on near-physiological and energy-efficient communication between living and artificial biomimetic systems. Interfacing brain-inspired devices with the real brain is at the forefront of such emerging field, with the term ‘neurobiohybrids’ indicating all those systems where such interaction is established. We argue that achieving a ‘high-level’ communication and functional synergy between natural and artificial neuronal networks in vivo, will allow the development of a heterogeneous world of neurobiohybrids, which will include ‘living robots’ but will also embrace ‘intelligent’ neuroprostheses for augmentation of brain function. The societal and economical impact of intelligent neuroprostheses is likely to be potentially strong, as they will offer novel therapeutic perspectives for a number of diseases, and going beyond classical pharmaceutical schemes. However, they will unavoidably raise fundamental ethical questions on the intermingling between man and machine and, more specifically, on how deeply it should be allowed that brain processing is affected by implanted ‘intelligent’ artificial systems.Following this perspective, we provide the reader with insights on ongoing developments and trends in the field of neurobiohybrids. We address the topic also from a ‘community building’ perspective, showing through a quantitative bibliographic analysis, how scientists working on the engineering of brain-inspired devices and brain-machine interfaces are increasing their interactions. We foresee that such trend preludes to a formidable technological and scientific revolution in brain-machine communication and to the opening of new avenues for restoring or even augmenting brain function for therapeutic purposes
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
The Functioning of the Mufti Institution in Bulgaria at the Beginning of the 20th Century. A Case Study
No full textAutor analizuje działalność muftich, jednej z najważniejszych instytucji administracji muzułmańskiej w Bułgarii w okresie Trzeciego stanu (1878–1944). Przedstawione zostały trzy przypadki: Afiza M. Mustafowa, Afiz Suleymanova i Sali Effendiego, które ilustrują szereg zjawisk związanych z funkcjonowaniem muzułmańskich autonomicznych instytucji w Bułgarii na przełomie XIX i XX w. Studia przypadków oparte są na materiałach z Centralnego Archiwum Państwowego Bułgarii w Sofii. The author analyses the functioning of the muftis in Bulgaria, one of the most important institution of the Muslim religious-administrative autonomy in that Balkan country during the Third State period (1878–1944). The presented three cases of Afiz M. Mustafow, Afiz Suleymanov, and Sali Effendi illustrated series of phenomenon linked to the functioning of mufti and Muslim autonomous institutions in Bulgaria in the turn of the 19th and 20th century. The case studies are based on the materials from the Central State Archive of Bulgaria in Sofia
The Functioning of the Mufti Institution in Bulgaria at the Beginning of the 20th Century. A Case Study
No full textAutor analizuje działalność muftich, jednej z najważniejszych instytucji administracji muzułmańskiej w Bułgarii w okresie Trzeciego stanu (1878–1944). Przedstawione zostały trzy przypadki: Afiza M. Mustafowa, Afiz Suleymanova i Sali Effendiego, które ilustrują szereg zjawisk związanych z funkcjonowaniem muzułmańskich autonomicznych instytucji w Bułgarii na przełomie XIX i XX w. Studia przypadków oparte są na materiałach z Centralnego Archiwum Państwowego Bułgarii w Sofii. The author analyses the functioning of the muftis in Bulgaria, one of the most important institution of the Muslim religious-administrative autonomy in that Balkan country during the Third State period (1878–1944). The presented three cases of Afiz M. Mustafow, Afiz Suleymanov, and Sali Effendi illustrated series of phenomenon linked to the functioning of mufti and Muslim autonomous institutions in Bulgaria in the turn of the 19th and 20th century. The case studies are based on the materials from the Central State Archive of Bulgaria in Sofia
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
- …
