6 research outputs found
Reporting of the methodological quality of search strategies in orthodontic quantitative systematic reviews.
No full textBACKGROUND
This study aimed to assess the reporting of the methodological quality of search strategies undertaken in orthodontic quantitative systematic reviews (SRs) and hence their reproducibility.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A search of a single electronic database (Medline via PubMed) was undertaken to identify interventional orthodontic SRs with meta-analysis published within a 10-year period. The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews was also sourced. Full articles were reviewed by two assessors against the eligibility criteria. The reporting quality of each search strategy was assessed using a previously validated checklist with a score of 1 or 2 given for each of the eight items. Cumulative totals were calculated. Guided by previous research, the authors agreed the following cut-offs to categorize the overall level of quality: 8-10 (poor), 10-12 (fair), and greater than 13 (good).
RESULTS
A total of 127 SRs were analysed. The overall median quality score for the reporting of the search strategy was 14 [interquartile range (IQR): 13-15]. Cochrane SRs and those originating in Europe received higher aggregate scores, whereas no difference was evident based on Prospero registration. The continent of the corresponding author predicated the overall score. Non-Cochrane reviews achieved lower overall scores compared to Cochrane reviews (-1.0, 95% confidence interval: -1.65, -0.34, P = 0.003). The most frequently searched database was EMBASE (N = 93) and the median number of authors was 5 (IQR 4-6). Authors of 26.8% of SRs searched the grey literature. Language restrictions were applied to the search strategies of 88 (69.3%) SRs.
CONCLUSIONS
The reporting quality of search strategies undertaken in orthodontic SRs is at a good level but differences between Cochrane and non-Cochrane reviews currently exist. The reporting of searching of the grey literature and application of no language restrictions can be improved
Emigrating to the good life: A qualitative study of gender and ethnic diversity of graduate women
No full textThis research addressed three major questions regarding the perceptions and interpretations of the lived experiences of 13 graduate women in master's and doctoral programs at a major midwestern research university: (a) How do these graduate women perceive and interpret their epiphanal experiences that had consequences for their educational development? (b) How do they perceive and interpret their positioning within the educational system? and (c) How do they perceive and interpret the role of education in their individual strategies for dealing with barriers to what they define as success?This study attempted to provide insight into 13 graduate women's perceptions and interpretations about their own educational experiences, their interpersonal relationships, and their understanding of the social context within which they live as gendered persons in a major research, doctoral degree granting university. Although these 13 women are from a variety of ethnic, racial, and social backgrounds, their perspectives and interpretations of lived experiences in a Euro-American, male-defined research community demonstrate one basic framework within which they define their educational situations. These intelligent, independent, and well-educated women work from a perspective analogous to an immigrant minority's framework. They perceive themselves as, in effect, emigrating from the woman's life of social and political oppression they lived, to what they hope is a better life as a member of the educated elite.What is startling about the findings of this study is the disparity between the myth of socialization of graduate women into the professional academic and research elite and the often demeaning processes of graduate school for these thirteen women. This research recounts stories of routine discrimination as well as devastating, even life-threatening harassment. Perhaps more disturbing than the experiences of discrimination is the tolerance, the acquiescence on the part of the graduate women to such abuse. This research is a disheartening portrayal of the second class citizenry delegated to women in a bastion of the society's intellectual and liberalizing environments, that of the university.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T13:02:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Literature Review: Role of Budesonide with Surfactant on Preterm Infants
No full textThis review analyzes the advocacy of budesonide-booster and surfactant in treating respiratory disorders in preterm neonates. Premature labor leads to respiratory distress syndrome [RDS] because of inadequate surfactant production and immature lungs, which in turn raises the probability of chronic lung disorders like BPD. However, while promoting lung function and oxygenation as provided in exogenous surfactant therapy is effective, it does not meet the processes causing inflammation to reduce pulmonary complications in the long run. Budesonide, a highly selective anti-inflammatory glucocorticosteroid, can be used as an adjuvant to surfactant treatment because of its ability to act on the lungs with minimal systemic effects directly. Studies from PubMed and Embase also show that when combined, budesonide and surfactant have beneficial effects in decreasing the severity of RDS, enhancing lung function, and reducing the prevalence of BPD in premature infants. However, these promising results should be further investigated in terms of the determination of optimal dosing, administration time, and therapeutic application concerning safety issues in the long term. This combined strategy has valuable prospects for enhancing the respiratory prognosis in premature newborns
Current Profiling of Research on Donkeys and Its Implications in Global Studies Based on Bibliometric Analysis
No full textTremendous work has been conducted in equine medicine research, with special reference to donkeys. Our study surveyed applied studies on donkeys by 2023 in a quantitative manner. Data were retrieved from the Web of Science database. The points investigated addressed the general criteria of global donkey research. Statistical data were set for each studied item using VOSviewer software, with a focus on the top ten results for each item. A total of 2947 documents were extracted. results revealed that author Burden F.A. had the highest number of published papers (68, 2.30%), publications in 2020 (8.92%) were at the front. The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB) had the highest number of papers (177, 6.01%), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nsfc) (91, 3.08%) was the top funding agency, USA was the top nation in publications (13.87 %), and the majority of publications were in English (2757, 93.55 %). The highest publications in WOS categories, were collected from Veterinary Sciences (1695, 57.51%). Research articles were the most abundant form (85.61 %). Dairy and Animal Sciences was at the top of citation topics (351, 11.91%). Elsevier had the highest publications (23.58%), Journal of Equine Veterinary Science was placed in the top journals (163, 5.53%). The data from the current study can be used to assess the situation of applied research on donkeys, helping to set possible future maps
Interventions in preconception and pregnant women at risk of gestational diabetes; a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
No full text\ua9 2024, The Author(s).Background: Women at risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) need preventative interventions. Objective: To evaluate targeted interventions before and during pregnancy for women identified as being at risk of developing GDM. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis conducted following PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library in addition to reference and citation lists were searched to identify eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs) utilising risk stratification during the preconception period or in the first/early second trimester. Screening and data extraction were carried out by the authors independently. Quality assessment was conducted based on the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Random effects meta-analysis and narrative synthesis were performed. Results: Eighty-four RCTs were included: two during preconception and 82 in pregnancy, with a pooled sample of 22,568 women. Interventions were behavioural (n = 54), dietary supplementation (n = 19) and pharmacological (n = 11). Predictive factors for risk assessment varied; only one study utilised a validated prediction model. Gestational diabetes was reduced in diet and physical activity interventions (risk difference − 0.03, 95% CI 0.06, − 0.01; I2 58.69%), inositol (risk difference − 0.19, 95% CI 0.33, − 0.06; I2 92.19%), and vitamin D supplements (risk difference − 0.16, 95% CI 0.25, − 0.06; I2 32.27%). Subgroup analysis showed that diet and physical activity interventions were beneficial in women with ≥ 2 GDM risk factors (risk difference − 0.16, 95% CI 0.25, − 0.07; I2 11.23%) while inositol supplementation was effective in women with overweight or obesity (risk difference − 0.17, 95% CI 0.22, − 0.11; I2 0.01%). Effectiveness of all other interventions were not statistically significant. Conclusions: This review provides evidence that interventions targeted at women at risk of GDM may be an effective strategy for prevention. Further studies using validated prediction tools or multiple risk factors to target high-risk women for intervention before and during pregnancy are warranted
Prenatal exome sequencing and chromosomal microarray analysis in fetal structural anomalies in a highly consanguineous population reveals a propensity of ciliopathy genes causing multisystem phenotypes
No full text\ua9 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Fetal abnormalities are detected in 3% of all pregnancies and are responsible for approximately 20% of all perinatal deaths. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and exome sequencing (ES) are widely used in prenatal settings for molecular genetic diagnostics with variable diagnostic yields. In this study, we aimed to determine the diagnostic yield of trio-ES in detecting the cause of fetal abnormalities within a highly consanguineous population. In families with a history of congenital anomalies, a total of 119 fetuses with structural anomalies were recruited and DNA from invasive samples were used together with parental DNA samples for trio-ES and CMA. Data were analysed to determine possible underlying genetic disorders associated with observed fetal phenotypes. The cohort had a known consanguinity of 81%. Trio-ES led to diagnostic molecular genetic findings in 59 fetuses (with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants) most with multisystem or renal abnormalities. CMA detected chromosomal abnormalities compatible with the fetal phenotype in another 7 cases. Monogenic ciliopathy disorders with an autosomal recessive inheritance were the predominant cause of multisystem fetal anomalies (24/59 cases, 40.7%) with loss of function variants representing the vast majority of molecular genetic abnormalities. Heterozygous de novo pathogenic variants were found in four fetuses. A total of 23 novel variants predicted to be associated with the phenotype were detected. Prenatal trio-ES and CMA detected likely causative molecular genetic defects in a total of 55% of families with fetal anomalies confirming the diagnostic utility of trio-ES and CMA as first-line genetic test in the prenatal diagnosis of multisystem fetal anomalies including ciliopathy syndromes
