Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research (University Assiut, Egypt)
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Effect of red rosella flower extract as an acidulant on yield, total dissolved solids, texture hardness, color, antioxidant activity, and pH value of Mozzarella cheese
Full text linkMozzarella cheese is a highly sought-after dairy product, but the consumption of dairy-based products in Indonesia is still relatively low. The cheese-making process is highly dependent on the coagulation stage, which involves acidification using red rosella flower extract. This study aims to investigate the effect of using red rosella flower extract as an acidulant in Mozzarella cheese production on yield, total soluble solids, texture, color, antioxidant activity, and pH value of the resulting cheese. This study employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments, namely variations in the concentration of red rosella flower extract at T1 (4%), T2 (5%), and T3 (6%) compared to the control T0 (1,4% acetic acid). The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of 5%, followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Data obtained from testing Mozzarella cheese with different concentrations of rosella flower extract treatment obtained yield values of 10.07- 11.10%; total soluble solids 0.62- 2.04 oBrix; texture 1025.10- 2291.00 gf; total pH value 5.16 - 5.65; lightness value (L*) 53.78 - 87.22; redness value (a*) 2.49 - 7.31; yellowness value (b*) 6.97 - 16.67; antioxidant activity 18.42- 37.11% inhibition. The higher the concentration of red rosella flower extract, the lower the yield of Mozzarella cheese, the higher the total soluble solids, the softer the texture of Mozzarella cheese, and the more acidic the pH value of Mozzarella cheese
Evaluating morphometric traits and body indices in Dorper sheep in Indonesia: A comparative analysis of four generations
Full text linkThis research examined the morphometric characteristics of Dorper sheep over four generations (G0 to G3) in Indonesia. Most parameters exhibited significant differences between generations. The G0 generation had the longest body length (67.95 ± 0.73 cm) and heaviest weight (56.58 ± 1.60 kg), with a subsequent decline in G1 and partial recovery in G2 and G3, likely due to genetic or environmental influences. Chest depth and girth followed a similar trend, with G0 animals having the deepest chests (27.75 ± 0.36 cm) and increased girth observed in G2 and G3. The height at the withers and rump rose from G0 to G1, then fell in G3, while chest and rump width were more pronounced in G2. The height index rose in G1 (104.46 ± 0.99) compared to G0 (80.86 ± 0.68), indicating a change in body shape. The compact index was highest in G0 (1.01 ± 0.02) and decreased in later generations, especially in G1 (0.65 ± 0.02), suggesting a more elongated body. The body weight index was highest in G0, with decreases noted in G2 and G3. Forelimb length was greater in G1 and G2. There was no significant variation in body index, body ratio, and over increase index across generations. Correlation analysis showed positive relationships among traits, with body weight most strongly correlated with chest depth. Principal component analysis identified body length, weight, chest depth, and girth as key distinguishing variables. These findings offer insights into the morphological evolution of IDS and highlight traits advantageous for selective breeding programs
Heat stress tolerance in Indonesian cattle: Genetic basis, physiological mechanisms, and reproductive performance (Review Article)
Full text linkHeat stress is one of the main environmental factors affecting the productivity and reproductive performance of cattle in tropical regions. Local cattle in Indonesia and other tropical countries have varying levels of adaptation to high temperature and humidity conditions, which are reflected in physiological responses and molecular mechanisms. Physiological indicators such as respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and heart rate, combined with reproductive parameters such as calving interval, days open, and conception rate, are often used to evaluate the impact of heat stress. At the molecular level, a number of candidate genes have been identified as playing a role in the heat stress response, including HSP70, ATP1A1, BCKDHA, HSPB6 and MYO1A, which are associated with cellular protection, antioxidant, and stress hormone regulation mechanisms. This article reviews the physiological and genetic basis of heat stress tolerance in tropical local cattle, as well as its implications for maternal reproductive performance. The review was undertaken to integrate existing knowledge and provide a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between genetic and physiological factors under conditions of heat stress. The expected outcome is the identification of potential biomarkers that can be applied in cattle breeding and management. This understanding is expected to support genetic marker-based local cattle breeding programmes, in order to improve heat stress resistance while maintaining reproductive productivity in tropical regions. The findings ultimately serve as a scientific foundation for the formulation of policies and the development of sustainable livestock strategies in tropical countries
Comparative study on the performance and phenotypic characteristics of indigenous chickens in Purwokerto and Dili
Full text linkPoultry settles and adapts to environments that allow them to live and reproduce. Timor Leste has a dry tropical climate with temperatures ranging from 24-34°C and low rainfall. In contrast, Indonesia has a tropical climate with daily temperatures ranging from 23-29°C and relatively higher rainfall compared to Timor Leste, although this depends on the location. These environmental differences allow local chickens to develop differently. This research was conducted using a purposive sampling data collection method, involving qualitative and quantitative observations of local chickens in Indonesia and Timor Leste. The number of local chickens measured was 40 female local chickens aged 10-12 months, 40 female local chickens aged 13-15 months, and 10 male chickens raised in open areas by the community in Dili, Timor Leste, as well as by the community in Purwokerto, Indonesia. The measured variables are body weight, carcass weight, digestive organ size, and qualitative characteristics (feather color, comb color and type, beak color, eye color, and leg color). Data from both areas were then tabulated and described descriptively. Local chickens from Purwokerto (Indonesia) and Dili (East Timor) showed significant differences in body and carcass weight, with Indonesian chickens being heavier. Despite being geographically separated, their digestive organ profiles are very similar, indicating comparable digestive functions. However, phenotypic traits such as feather color, comb type and color, and beak, eye, and leg color vary greatly within both populations, likely due to different breeding histories and genetic introductions
D-Loop DNA genome sequence of Donggala cattle by using Nanopore analysis
Full text linkDonggala cattle have been breed for generations, making them a valuable genetic resource for Indonesian livestock species in Central Sulawesi that must be protected and preserved. Donggala cattle which certainly has potential as a regional germplasm resource and study focuses on the analysis in the mitochondrial DNA D-Loop region from liver tissue. This study aimed to determine the complete mtDNA sequencing was performed using WGS mtDNA analysis with nanopore technology by Oxford Nanopore Technologies GridION. Bioinformatics and data analysis were then performed. Results: This study showed that the length of the mtDNA genome is 16,412 bp, consisting of two ribosomal comprises 27 genes with a typical structure. These include 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs, and noncoding D-loop region, a total of 505 site variations in the D-Loop region The variable site (49%), parsimony (57%) and singleton (43%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete mitochondrial genome sequences distinguished into three clades of cattle breed. Including B. javanicus (GenBank data PQ 130485 and PV387265), B. gaurus, B. grunienns and Bali indicus cattle groups showed notable genetic variations. The results of this work offer genomic information capable of supporting the next investigations on the genetic structure and evolutionary background of Donggala cattle
Effects of vegetable oil coating on soybean meal: Ruminal digestibility and fermentation characteristics through in vitro study: Vegetable Oil Coating on Soybean Meal
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sunflower (SFW), corn (CRN), soybean (SOY), and canola (CNL) oils as natural protein protectants for soybean meal (SBM) in ruminant diets. The primary objectives were to assess their ability to reduce ruminal protein degradation, alter nutrient composition, as well as influence ruminal fermentation, digestibility, and methane mitigation potential. SBM was coated with 5% of each vegetable oil, air-dried, and oven-stabilized. Rumen buffer was prepared by mixing rumen fluid and McDougal solution at a ratio of 1:4. Uncoated SBM (CON) and all dietary treatments were incubated with 50 mL rumen buffer for 48 h at 39 °C. During incubation, the gas pressure was collected at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. The results showed that oil coating significantly increased dry matter (DM) (p=0.020) from 92.61% to 95.16–95.42% and ether extract (p=0.003) from 0.44% to 0.77–2.41%. Meanwhile, it reduced organic matter (p=0.012) from 65.34% to 54.45–63.05%, compared to dietary CON. In the ruminal digestibility, all dietary treatments reduced (p=0.002) DM digestibility from 69.84% to 51.35–55.97% and total degradable fraction from 25.57 to 19.71–22.05 (p<0.001). Crude protein digestibility varied among oils (p=0.008), with SFW (47.21%) and CRN (32.16%) showing the highest protection, followed by CNL (54.98%) and SOY (72.63%). In fermentation characteristics, all dietary treatments had no effect on rumen pH, ammonia-N, and total VFA production. These results suggest that sunflower and corn oils can serve as effective natural protectants for soybean meal protein, preserving its post-ruminal value without compromising rumen fermentation characteristics
Effect of different processed legume proteins on the performance of dairy Goats
Full text linkThe study aimed to examine the performance of Etawah crossbred dairy goats fed with Crotalaria as a substitute for protein source in concentrate. The study was carried out in 2 stages: 1) in vitro study to evaluate the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter from seven types of concentrates; 2) In vivo study using the best 3 types of concentrates from the results of in vitro study. The best concentrates in the first study were R1, R2 and R4. This implementation used 16 lactating Etawah crossbred dairy goats divided into 4 goats for each treatment, with a lactation period of 1 - 3 months and a goat body weight of + 39.3 kg. The data was processed by analysis of variance followed by Duncan's double test. The results showed that the treatment using C. juncea and C. usaramoensi as a source of protein concentrate influenced increasing the quantity and quality of milk. Total milk production with concentrate treatment R.2 (3.87 liters/week); R.3 (3.40 liters/week); R.1 (2.87 liters/week) and R.4 (1.58 liters/week). The quality of milk fat and solids nonfat with almost the same order as the amount of production, namely R.3 (5.21% and 9.26), R.2 (5.07% and 9.30%), R.1 (3.4% and 9.36%), R.4 (3.92 and 8.85%). The conclusion of this study was that the substitution of Crotalaria sp. (C. juncea and C. usaramoensi) as a source of protein concentrate gave a better production performance of dairy goats than the control concentrate
Instant extender for buck semen (Inexb): Impact on semen quality and fertility
Full text linkThe preservation of buck semen plays a crucial role in enhancing reproductive biotechnology in small ruminants. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Instant Extender for Buck Semen (Inexb) supplemented with different concentrations of organic α-tocopherol on semen quality and in vivo fertility. A completely randomized design with ten replications was applied, consisting of four treatments: Tris egg yolk without α-tocopherol (TFF0) and Tris egg yolk supplemented with 5% (TFF5), 7% (TFF7), and 9% (TFF9) α-tocopherol (v/v). Fresh semen was diluted to a final concentration of 150 × 106 spermatozoa/mL and stored at 5°C for 120 hours. Semen quality parameters, including total motility, progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity, and viability, were evaluated at 24-hour intervals. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. Results demonstrated that TFF5 and TFF7 maintained significantly higher total motility (44.0 ± 2.2% and 47.2 ± 2.0%) compared with TFF0 and TFF9 after 120 hours (P < 0.05). Similar trends were observed in progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity, and viability, indicating that α-tocopherol at moderate concentrations effectively reduced oxidative damage during liquid storage. In vivo fertility trials revealed that semen extended with TFF7 achieved the highest pregnancy rate (33%) after 120 hours of storage at 5°C. These findings indicate that the inclusion of 5–7% α-tocopherol in Inexb provides optimal antioxidant protection, preserves sperm functionality, and sustains fertility during extended storage. Further optimization of extender formulation is recommended to enhance reproductive efficiency and facilitate wider application in goat artificial insemination programs
Effects of egg shape and egg weight on body weight during the starter phase in Kedu chickens
Full text linkThis study evaluated the effects of egg shape and egg weight on the body weight of Kedu chickens up to 3 weeks of age. A total of 100 fertile Kedu chicken eggs were classified into three categories based on the egg shape index (ES): elongated (ES-I), normal (ES-II), and round (ES-III). The eggs were incubated under controlled conditions, and the chicken were reared in a brooding cage until 3 weeks of age. Body weight was recorded at 0, 1, 2, and 3 weeks. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, linear regression, and correlation analyses to assess the relationships between egg shape, egg weight, and body weight. No significant differences were observed in hatch weight or subsequent body weight among the egg shape groups, indicating that egg shape had no significant influence on these parameters. In contrast, egg weight exhibited a very strong positive correlation with hatch weight (r = 0.829), with 68.83% of the variation in hatch weight explained by egg weight. However, the correlation between egg weight and body weight declined markedly after the first week, suggesting that post-hatch growth is more strongly influenced by factors such as feed quality, management practices, and genetic potential. These findings provide useful insights for hatching egg selection strategies aimed at enhancing the productivity of Kedu chickens.
Antimicrobial activity of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria derived from Indonesian traditional fermented animal products: A review
Full text linkBacteriocins produced by LAB isolated from traditional Indonesian fermented foods like dadih, urutan, bekasam, cangkuk, and bekamal show promising antimicrobial activity against pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. These bacteriocins are effective at inhibiting bacterial growth and maintaining food quality. The review discusses the isolation and characterization of LAB from these fermented products, the properties of the bacteriocins they produce, and their potential applications in food preservation. Bacteriocins from food-grade LAB are considered ideal biopreservatives due to their non-toxic nature, stability under various conditions, and effectiveness at low concentrations. The paper highlights the diversity of LAB strains found in traditional fermented foods and their ability to produce bacteriocins with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Overall, this review emphasizes the potential of bacteriocins from indigenous fermented foods as natural antimicrobial agents for enhancing food safety and quality, aligning with consumer demand for minimally processed foods. Further research is suggested to optimize the production and application of these bacteriocins in food systems