25 research outputs found
Determination of Calorie Contents of Myanmar Snacks from Thanlyin Township
No full textThe main aim of our project work is to determine the calorie content of the five items of Myanmar snacks such as shwe hta min, kauk nyin htoke, mont kywe the, htan thee mont, and mont sein paung from Thanlyin Township. In this research work vitamin B1content was determined by fluorometric method. The highest content of vitamin B1 (0.057mg %) was found in htan thee mont. The protein, carbohydrate, and fat contents were also determined and the highest contents were found in mont sein paung and the values are 4.13g/100g; 39.95g/100g; and l.88g/100g respectively. Mineral contents of the five items of Myanmar snacks were also determined by AAS method. Phosphorous content was the highest in mont sein paung (56.99 mg%); iron content was the highest in htan thee mont (12.17 mg%); sodium, magnesium and potassium contents were the highest in kauk nyin htoke and the values were 10.58 ppm; 4.21 ppm and 7.29 ppm respectively. Calcium content was the highest in mont kywe the (143.08 mg %). The highest energy values of total digestible nutrient were calculated for the given samples and the highest value (187.21 cal/100g) was found in mont sein paung. According to the observation of this work it is clear that among the five items, mont sein paung has the highest calorie content as well as energy value. Not only mont sein paung but also other four items (shwe hta min, kauk nyin htoke, mont kywe the, and htan thee mont) have enough
calorie contents to meet human energy requirements
Effects of Oral Exposure to Low-Dose Bisphenol S on Allergic Asthma in Mice
No full textBisphenol S (BPS) is increasingly being used as an alternative for bisphenol A; however, its health effects remain unclear. We investigated the effects of oral exposure to low-dose BPS on allergic asthma. C3H/HeJ male mice were intratracheally administered with allergen (ovalbumin (OVA), 1 μg/animal) every 2 weeks from 6 to 11 weeks old. BPS was ingested by drinking water at doses equivalent to 0.04, 0.4, and 4 μg/kg/day. We then examined pulmonary inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, serum OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, Th2 cytokine/chemokine production, and mediastinal lymph node (MLN) cell activities. Compared with OVA alone, moderate-dose BPS (BPS-M) with OVA significantly enhanced pulmonary inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and OVA-specific IgE and IgG1. Furthermore, interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, IL-33, and CCL11/Eotaxin protein levels in the lungs increased. Conversely, these allergic responses were reduced in the high-dose BPS+OVA group. In MLN cells, BPS-M with OVA increased the total cell count and activated antigen-presenting cells including conventional dendritic cell subset (cDC2). After OVA restimulation, cell proliferation and Th2 cytokine production (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) in the culture supernatant also increased. Therefore, oral exposure to low-dose BPS may exacerbate allergic asthmatic responses by enhancing Th2-polarized responses and activating the MLN cells
Lavandulyl Flavanones from the Stems of Hypericum calycinum L.
No full textOne novel lavandulyl flavanone (=2,3-dihydro-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) with an unusual 5,2',4',6'-tetrahydroxy substitution, calycinigin A (1), was isolated from the stems of Hypericum calycinum L. (Hypericaceae). The structure was elucidated on the basis of 1D- and 2D-NMR analysis, as well as mass spectrometry (LR-EI- and HR-EI-MS) and circular dichroism. Three known lavandulyl flavanones with 5,7,2',4',6'-pentahydroxy substitution, i.e., 24, were also isolated. Chemosystematically, this is the first report on the occurrence of prenylated flavanones in the family Hypericaceae. Reduction of cell viability by all compounds was evaluated in a MTT (=3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay using HeLa cells. Compound 1 showed moderate activity with an IC50 value of 9.7 +/- 1.8 mu M, whereas compounds 24 were less active exhibiting IC50 values of 11.6 +/- 0.9, 19.3 +/- 1.5, and 40.7 +/- 2.4 mu M, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by an ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) assay, and calycinigin A (1) was again the most active compound with a Trolox equivalent of 2.3 +/- 0.2. None of the compounds was able to reduce the TNF-a induced ICAM-1 expression in vitro using human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1)
Genotypic characterization of multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Myanmar
No full textThe number of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases is rising worldwide. As a countermeasure against this situation, the implementation of rapid molecular tests to identify MDR-TB would be effective. To develop such tests, information on the frequency and distribution of mutations associating with phenotypic drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is required in each country. During 2010, the common mutations in the rpoB, katG and inhA of 178 phenotypically MDR M. tuberculosis isolates collected by the National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTP) in Myanmar were investigated by DNA sequencing. Mutations affecting the 81-bp rifampicin (RIF) resistance-determining region (RRDR) of the rpoB were identified in 127 of 178 isolates (71.3%). Two of the most frequently affected codons were 531 and 526, with percentages of 48.3% and 14.0% respectively. For isoniazid (INH) resistance, 114 of 178 MDR-TB isolates (64.0%) had mutations in the katG in which a mutation-conferring amino acid substitution at codon 315 from Ser to Thr was the most common. Mutations in the inhA regulatory region were also detected in 20 (11.2%) isolates, with the majority at position -15. Distinct mutation rate and pattern from surrounding countries might suggest that MDR-TB has developed and spread domestically in Myanmar. (C) 2016, Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Determination of Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotypes in Anogenital Cancers in Myanmar
No full textMolecular and epidemiologic investigations suggest a causal role for human papillomavirus (HPV) in anogenital cancers. This study identified oncogenic HPV genotypes in anogenital cancers among men and women in a 2013 cross-sectional descriptive study in Myanmar. In total, 100 biopsy tissues of histologically confirmed anogenital cancers collected in 2008-2012 were studied, including 30 penile and 9 anal cancers from Yangon General Hospital and 61 vulvar cancers from Central Women's Hospital, Yangon. HPV-DNA testing and genotyping were performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Overall, 34% of anogenital cancers were HPV-positive. HPV was found in 44.4% of anal (4/9), 36.1% of vulvar (22/61), and 26.7% of penile (8/30) cancers. The most frequent genotypes in anal cancers were HPV 16 (75%) and 18 (25%). In vulvar cancers, HPV 33 was most common (40.9%), followed by 16 (31.8%), 31 (22.7%), and 18 (4.6%). In penile cancers, HPV 16 (62.5%) was most common, followed by 33 (25%) and 18 (12.5%). This is the first report of evidencebased oncogenic HPV genotypes in anogenital cancers among men and women in Myanmar. This research provides valuable information for understanding the burden of HPV-associated cancers of the anus, penis, and vulva and considering the effectiveness of prophylactic HPV vaccination
Determination of Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotypes in Anogenital Cancers in Myanmar
No full textMolecular and epidemiologic investigations suggest a causal role for human papillomavirus (HPV) in anogenital cancers. This study identified oncogenic HPV genotypes in anogenital cancers among men and women in a 2013 cross-sectional descriptive study in Myanmar. In total, 100 biopsy tissues of histologically confirmed anogenital cancers collected in 2008-2012 were studied, including 30 penile and 9 anal cancers from Yangon General Hospital and 61 vulvar cancers from Central Women's Hospital, Yangon. HPV-DNA testing and genotyping were performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Overall, 34% of anogenital cancers were HPV-positive. HPV was found in 44.4% of anal (4/9), 36.1% of vulvar (22/61), and 26.7% of penile (8/30) cancers. The most frequent genotypes in anal cancers were HPV 16 (75%) and 18 (25%). In vulvar cancers, HPV 33 was most common (40.9%), followed by 16 (31.8%), 31 (22.7%), and 18 (4.6%). In penile cancers, HPV 16 (62.5%) was most common, followed by 33 (25%) and 18 (12.5%). This is the first report of evidencebased oncogenic HPV genotypes in anogenital cancers among men and women in Myanmar. This research provides valuable information for understanding the burden of HPV-associated cancers of the anus, penis, and vulva and considering the effectiveness of prophylactic HPV vaccination
Early-Life Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollutants Induced Anxiety-like Behaviors in Rats via Neurotransmitters and Neurotrophic Factors
No full textRecent epidemiological studies have reported significantly increasing hospital admission rates for mental disorders such as anxiety and depression, not only in adults but also in children and adolescents, indicating more research is needed for evaluation of the etiology and possible reduction and prevention of these disorders. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between perinatal exposure to traffic-related air pollutants and anxiety-like behaviors and alterations in neurological and immunological markers in adulthood using a rat model. Sprague Dawley pregnant rats were exposed to clean air (control), diesel exhaust (DE) 101 ± 9 μg/m3 or diesel exhaust origin secondary organic aerosol (DE-SOA) 118 ± 23 μg/m3 from gestational day 14 to postnatal day 21. Anxiety-related behavioral tests including open field tests, elevated plus maze, light/dark transition tests and novelty-induced hypophagia were performed on 10-week-old rats. The hippocampal expression of neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors, and inflammatory molecular markers was examined by real-time RT-PCR. Anxiety-like behaviors were observed in both male and female rat offspring exposed to DE or DE-SOA. Moreover, serotonin receptor (5HT1A), dopamine receptor (Drd2), brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor A mRNAs were significantly decreased, whereas interleukin-1β, cyclooxygenase-2, heme oxygenase-1 mRNAs and microglial activation were significantly increased in both male and female rats. These findings indicate that brain developmental period exposure to traffic-related air pollutants may induce anxiety-like behaviors via modulation of neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors, and immunological molecular markers, triggering neuroinflammation and microglia activation in rats
Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) Infection among Women with Normal and Abnormal Cervical Cytology in Myanmar
No full textThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of normal and abnormal cervical cytology in women who attended the cervical cancer screening clinic of the Department of Medical Research in Lower Myanmar, and to determine the proportion of high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HPV genotypes in women with normal and abnormal cervical cytology. A total of 1,771 women were screened from 2010 to 2011. Among them, 762 women (43.0%) had a normal smear, and 866
(48.9%) and 87 (4.9%) were diagnosed with inflammatory smears and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), respectively. Diagnoses of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) numbered 42 (2.3%) and 11 (0.6%) respectively. Three cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (0.2%) were detected. Cervical swabs were collected from 96 women with abnormal cervical cytology and 20 with normal cytology. HR-HPV DNA testing was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with pU1M/pU2R primers. HR-HPV were identified in 35.5% (22/62) of inflammatory smears, 60% (6/10) of ASCUS, 86.7% (13/15) of LSIL, 50% (3/6) of HSIL, 100% (3/3) of SCC and 5% (1/20) of normal cytology. In PCR-positive cases, HPV genotyping was analyzed by the cleaved amplification polymorphism method. The most prevalent HPV genotypes were HPV-16 (60.4%) followed by HPV-31 (14.6%), HPV-18 (12.5%) and HPV-58 (12.5%). Women with abnormal cervical cytology were 10 times more likely to be HR-HPV positive than those with normal cytology (p＝0.0001). This study suggests that the implementation of a cervical cytology screening program and routine vaccination against HPV in preadolescent and adolescent groups are needed to reduce the burden of HPV-associated cervical cancer
Insight into multidrug-resistant Beijing genotype Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Myanmar
No full textObjectives: Myanmar is a World Health Organization high tuberculosis (TB) burden country with a high multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB burden. Of significance, a high prevalence of the Beijing genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) among MDR-MTB has been reported previously. A detailed genetic characterization of TB clinical isolates was performed in order to explore whether there is an association between the prevalence of the Beijing MTB genotype and MDR-TB in Myanmar. Methods: A total of 265 MDR-MTB clinical isolates collected in 2010 and 2012 were subjected to spoligotyping, mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit–variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) analysis, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing, and drug resistance-associated gene sequencing, including rpoC to detect potential compensatory evolution. Results: Of the total MDR-MTB isolates, 79.2% (210/265) were of the Beijing genotype, the majority of which were the ‘modern’ subtype. Beijing genotype isolates were differentiated by 15-locus MIRU-VNTR and a high clustering rate (53.0%) was observed in the modern subtype. These MIRU-VNTR patterns were similar to Beijing genotype clones spreading across Russia and Central Asia. A high prevalence of katG Ser315Thr, and genetic evidence of extensive drug resistance (XDR) and pre-XDR and compensatory mutations in rpoC were observed among clustered isolates. Conclusions: MDR-MTB strains of the Beijing genotype might be spreading in Myanmar and present a major challenge to TB control in this country. Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Multidrug-resistant TB, Beijing genotype, MIRU-VNTR, Myanma
Genotypic characterization of multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Myanmar
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