129,903 research outputs found
Ligand-Specific Regulation of the Endogenous Mu-Opioid Receptor by Chronic Treatment with Mu-Opioid Peptide Agonist
No full textSince the discovery of the endomorphins (EM), the postulated endogenous peptide agonists of the mu-opioid receptors, several analogues have been synthesized to improve their binding and pharmacological profiles. We have shown previously that a new analogue, cis-1S,2R-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid2-endomorphin-2 (ACHC-EM2), had elevated mu-receptor affinity, selectivity, and proteolytic stability over the parent compound. In the present work, we have studied its antinociceptive effects and receptor regulatory processes. ACHC-EM2 displayed a somewhat higher (60%) acute antinociceptive response than the parent peptide, EM2 (45%), which peaked at 10 min after intracerebroventricular (icv) administration in the rat tail-flick test. Analgesic tolerance developed to the antinociceptive effect of ACHC-EM2 upon its repeated icv injection that was complete by a 10-day treatment. This was accompanied by attenuated coupling of mu-sites to G-proteins in subcellular fractions of rat brain. Also, the density of mu-receptors was upregulated by about 40% in the light membrane fraction, with no detectable changes in surface binding. Distinct receptor regulatory processes were noted in subcellular fractions of rat brains made tolerant by the prototypic full mu-agonist peptide, DAMGO, and its chloromethyl ketone derivative, DAMCK. These results are discussed in light of the recently discovered phenomenon, that is, the “so-called biased agonism” or “functional selectivity
Determination of the Pseudoscalar Decay Constant f(Ds)(+) via D-s(+) -> mu(+)nu(mu)
No full textKolcu, Onur Buğra (Arel Author)Using a 3.19 fb(-1) data sample collected at an e(+)e(-) center-of-mass energy of E-cm = 4.178 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the branching fraction of the leptonic decay D-s(+) -> mu(+)nu(mu) to be BDs+ -> mu+nu mu = (5.49 +/- 0.16(stat) +/- 0.15(syst)) x 10(-3). Combining our branching fraction with the masses of the D-s(+) and mu(+) and the lifetime of the D-s(+), we determine f(Ds+)vertical bar V-cs vertical bar = 246.2 +/- 3.6(stat) +/- 3.5(syst) MeV. Using the c -> s quark mixing matrix element vertical bar V-cs vertical bar determined from a global standard model fit, we evaluate the D-s(+) decay constant f(Ds+) = 252.9 +/- 3.7(stat) +/- 3.6(syst) MeV. Alternatively, using the value of f(Ds+) calculated by lattice quantum chromodynamics, we find vertical bar V-cs vertical bar = 0.985 +/- 0.014(stat) +/- 0.014(syst). These values of BDs+ -> mu+nu mu, f(Ds+)vertical bar V-cs vertical bar, f(Ds+) and vertical bar V-cs vertical bar are each the most precise results to date
Enriching OCL Using Observational Mu-Calculus
No full textThe Object Constraint Language is a textual specification language which forms part of the Unified Modelling Language[ 8 ]. Its principal uses are specifying constraints such as well-formedness conditions (e.g. in the definition of UML itself) and specifying contracts between parts of a system being modelled in UML. Focusing on the latter, we propose a systematic way to extend OCL with temporal constructs in order to express richer contracts. Our approach is based on observational mu-calculus, a two-level temporal logic in which temporal features at the higher level interact cleanly with a domain specific logic at the lower level. Using OCL as the lower level logic, we achieve much improved expressiveness in a modular way. We present a unified view of invariants and pre/post conditions, and we show how the framework can be used to permit the specification of liveness properties
Angular analysis of charged and neutral B -> K mu(+) mu(-) decays
No full textThe angular distributions of the rare decays B+ -> K+mu(+)mu(-) and B-0 -> K-S(0)mu(+)mu(-) are studied with data corresponding to 3 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity, collected in proton-proton collisions at 7 and 8 TeV centre-of-mass energies with the LHCb detector. The angular distribution is described by two parameters, F-H and the forward-backward asymmetry of the dimuon system A(FB), which are determined in bins of the dimuon mass squared. The parameter F-H is a measure of the contribution from (pseudo)scalar and tensor amplitudes to the decay width. The measurements of A(FB) and F-H reported here are the most precise to date and are compatible with predictions from the Standard Model
Estimation of evapotranspiration in the Mu Us Sandland of China
No full textEvapotranspiration (ET) was estimated from 1981–2005 over Wushen County located in the Mu Us Sandland, China, by applying the Advection-Aridity model, which is based on the complementary relationship hypothesis. We used National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and meteorological data. Our results show that the estimated daily ET was about 4.5% higher than measurements using an Eddy Covariance (EC) system after forcing energy balance closure over an alfalfa field from 22 July 2004 to 23 August 2004. At a regional scale, the estimated monthly ET was about 8.7% lower than measurements using the EC system after forcing energy balance closure over an alfalfa field in August 2004. These results were about 3.0% higher than ET measurements by microlysimeter over sand dunes during June 1988. From 1981 to 2005, the average annual ET and precipitation levels were 287 mm and 336 mm, respectively, in Wushen County. The average annual ET varied from 230 mm in western parts of Wushen County to 350 mm in eastern parts of the county. Both inter-annual and seasonal variations in ET were substantial in Wushen County. The annual ET was 200–400 mm from 1981–2005, and the seasonal pattern of ET showed a single peak distribution. The cumulative ET during the June–September 2004 period was 250 mm, which was 87% of the total annual ET. The annual ET, precipitation, and the maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI<sub>max</sub>) showed positive correlations temporally and spatially
Social trauma and the mu-opioid system in depression
No full textThe overarching thesis under investigation is that the endogenous opioid system plays a key role in depression subsequent to traumatic childhood social experiences. This is suggested by the fact that animal work indicates that mu-opioids robustly mediate separation-distress, and that early social stressors lead to long term dysregulation in key related circuitries and neuroanatomical structures
Strong Constraints on the Rare Decays B-s(0) -> mu(+)mu(-) and B-0 -> mu(+)mu(-)
No full textA search for B-s(0) -> mu(+)mu(-) and B-0 -> mu(+)mu(-) decays is performed using 1.0 fb(-1) of pp collision data collected at root s = 7 TeV with the LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. For both decays, the number of observed events is consistent with expectation from background and standard model signal predictions. Upper limits on the branching fractions are determined to be B(B-s(0) -> mu(+)mu(-)) mu(+)mu(-)) < 1.0(0.81) x 10(-9) at 95% (90%) confidence level
Unitarity implications of and models with LIV in
No full textWe studied two different models that included LIV coupling in the scattering
processes of . We found that using the model
with the dual electromagnetic tensor resulted in
violations of unitarity in both vector and axial scenarios. On the other hand,
using the model with nonminimal coupling with preserved
unitarity in both vector and axial cases. As a result, this could have
significant implications, given that the nonminimal coupling model with the
dual electromagnetic tensor appeared to be potentially
superior to the electromagnetic tensor . Therefore, we believe
that these findings could provide a valuable guide for further exploration into
the study of CPT and Lorentz breaking phenomena, with significant implications
that are certainly nontrivial
Spectroscopy identifications of Spitzer sources in the SWIRE/XMM-Newton/ELAIS-S1 field : a large fraction of active galactic nuclei with high F(24 mu m)/F(R) ratio
No full textWe present a catalog of optical spectroscopic identifications of sources detected by Spitzer at 3.6 or 24 mu m down to similar to 10 and similar to 280 mu Jy, respectively, in the SWIRE/XMM-Newton/ELAIS-S1 field and classified via line width analysis and diagnostic diagrams. A total of 1376 sources down to R similar to 24.2 mag have been identified (1362 detected at 3.6 mu m, 419 at 24 mu m, and 405 at both) by low-resolution optical spectroscopy carried out with FORS2, VIMOS, and EFOSC2 at the Very Large Telescope and 3.6 m ESO telescope. The spectroscopic campaigns have been carried out over the central 0.6deg(2) area of ELAIS-S1 which, in particular, has also been observed byXMM-Newton and Chandra. We find the first direct optical spectroscopic evidence that the fraction of active galactic nuclei (AGNs; mostlyAGN2) increases with increasing F(24 mu m)/F(R) ratio, reaching values of 70(+/- 20)% in the range 316 < F(24 mu m)/F(R) < 1000. We present an Infrared Array Camera - Multiband Imaging Photometer color - color diagram able to separate AGN1 from obscured AGN2 candidates. After having corrected for the spectroscopic incompleteness of our sample, the result is that the AGN fraction at F(24 mu m) similar to 0.8 mJy is similar to 22(+/- 7)% and decreases slowly to similar to 19(+/- 5)% down to F(24 mu m) similar to 0.3 mJy
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