1,720,961 research outputs found
Ethnicity, not class? The 1929 Bulawayo faction fights reconsidered
Get PDFFrom Christmas Eve of 1929 to the end of that year, Bulawayo was an ungovernable city marred by fights between Shona, on the one hand (perceived as a 'common enemy'), and forces that were predominantly Ndebele and groups sympathetic to them. A brilliant attempt to explain these clashes a generation ago, nevertheless falls short. This article seeks to revise the popular interpretation of this violence and re-contextualise it historically. A longer timeframe would give us an alternative view of the conflict. It also vindicates the ethnic interpretation of the violence that Phimister and van Onselen, concentrating on the then popular Marxist 'class struggle' paradigm, either minimised or failed to assess thoroughly
Msindo, Enocent (Prof)
No full textInstitutional Research output Enocent Msindo Department of History (2005-present) Enocent Msindo ORCID 0000-0002-3820-5250Top 30 Researchers 2018, 2022 </a
Ethnicity and nationalism in urban colonial Zimbabwe : Bulawayo, 1950 to 1963
Get PDFZimbabwean historians have not yet fully assessed the interaction of two problematic identities, ethnicity and nationalism, to determine whether the two can work as partners and successfully co-exist. This essay argues that, in Bulawayo during the period studied, ethnicity co-existed with and complemented nationalism rather than the two working as polar opposite identities. Ethnic groups provided both the required leaders who became prominent nationalist figures and the precolonial history, personalities and monuments that sparked the nationalist imagination. From the 1950s, ethnic groups expanded their horizons and provided platforms from which emerging African nationalists launched their agenda. Understanding these interrelationships will reshape our understanding of the workings of these two identities in a cosmopolitan town
A experiência dos Estudos (de área) Africanos: uma história intelectual
Get PDFThe idea of “Area studies” emerged before the Cold War. However, we must distinguish the genesis of the idea from its later institutionalisation in Western universities post-1945. Using African studies as a case, this paper examine the early origins of Area studies pre-1945, chiefly in England. We then trace the development of African studies in the USA, its connection to the changing political and economic interests after 1945 and its belated development in Brazil. This version of African studies largely reflected the evolving interests of countries who supported and funded it. It produced usable knowledge that primarily advanced their colonial and neo-colonial enterprises. Gatekeepers arose in the Global North, who founded well supported academic journals and African studies associations that, for a while, seldom engaged with black scholars in Africa. African studies scholars are still dealing with these fractured legacies and research agenda that favours funders from the Global North.A ideia de Estudos de Área emergiu antes da Guerra Fria. No entanto, devemos distinguir a gênese da ideia da sua institucionalização tardia nas universidades ocidentais pós-1945. Usando os Estudos Africanos com um estudo de caso, esse artigo examina as primeiras origens dos Estudos de Área pré-1945, principalmente na Inglaterra. Em seguida, traçamos o desenvolvimento dos Estudos Africanos nos Estados Unidos, e sua conexão com as mudanças políticas e interesses econômicos após 1945, bom como seu desenvolvimento tardio no Brasil. Essa versão de Estudos Africanos refletiu amplamente a evolução do interesse dos países que os apoiaram e financiaram. Produzindo conhecimento utilizável que fomentava principalmente os seus empreendimentos coloniais e neocoloniais, guardiões das fronteiras do campo surgiram no Norte Global, tendo fundado revistas acadêmicas e associações de Estudos Africanos bem financiadas, as quais, por um tempo, raramente envolviam estudiosos negros da África. Os investigadores dos Estudos Africanos continuam lidando com esses legados fraturados e agendas de pesquisas que favorecem os financiadores do Norte Global
Chiefs and Rural Health Services in South-Western Nigeria, c. 1920—c. 1950s
No full textThis article examines the role of African chiefs in the administration of colonial medicine in rural south-western Nigeria, emphasising the adaptive ways they navigated a difficult position between colonial medical authorities and indigenous medical legitimacy. Whereas colonial authorities expected chiefs to enforce medical policies and to encourage their subjects to use medical facilities, Africans wanted chiefs to defend and promote Yoruba medical and religious practices that colonial authorities and missionaries usually undermined. By supporting established African healing systems, chiefs stood to gain political mileage and favour with traditional healers. Furthermore, we argue that although African chiefs cooperated with the government in implementing health policies, they had a difficult relationship with sanitary inspectors who enforced sanitary regulations in ways that bred resentment. In the 1940s, Yoruba chiefs advocated for more rural health services, perhaps to pacify the rising nationalist movement that would have made them irrelevant had they not cooperated
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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