177,151 research outputs found
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Genetic relationships between the Holstein cow populations of three European dairy countries
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
Hansen, Lee (Lee R.). Union, non-union, and managerial pay plan state employees, 2008-2019
No full text1 online resource (2 pages)"July 1, 2021."Provides the number of union and non-union state employees in each of the last 14 years. Also provides the number of state employees paid under the state's managerial pay plan during each of those years. Updates OLR research report 2019-R-011
Across breed genomic evaluation in cattle
No full textGenomic evaluation techniques have been a huge success in the dairy cattle industry,
as they allow accurate enough estimation of breeding values at a young age to allow
selection decisions to be made at an earlier stage, thereby increasing the rate of
genetic progress per annum. The success of genomic selection techniques relies on
the existence of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between markers and quantitative trait
loci (QTL) across the population of interest; LD persists across larger distances
within breeds than across breeds. Therefore, most success so far has been for
selection within breeds, but the industry is keen for “across breed” evaluations to be
developed, both in a multi-breed scenario which would allow evaluations for breeds
that are numerically too small to carry out evaluations within breeds, and also for the
evaluation of crossbred animals.
This thesis investigates the potential for applying genomic selection techniques in
both the multi-breed and crossbred scenarios. Chapter 2 examines the potential for a
multi-breed reference population to improve the accuracy of genomic evaluation for
a numerically small breed, for a range of production and non-production traits. The
results provide evidence that forming a multi-breed reference population for two
closely related breeds (Holstein and Friesian) results in a higher accuracy of GEBVs
for the smaller breed, particularly when more phenotypic records are added via the
single-step GBLUP method, and when a higher density SNP chip is used. Chapter 3
examines the crossbred scenario, whereby GEBVs are calculated for crossbred
individuals based on a crossbred reference population. The population used for
analysis was a highly crossbred African population, and GEBVs were calculated for
three groups of animals chosen according to whether they had a high or low
proportion of imported dairy genetics. Accuracy of prediction was higher than
expected, and provided proof of concept for applying genomic selection techniques
in crossbred African cattle populations. Chapter 4 investigates the potential for using
novel SNPs derived from sequence data in order to estimate genomic relationships
across cattle breeds, deploying data from two closely related breeds, Fleckvieh and
Simmental, and a further distant European breed, the Brown Swiss. Novel SNPs
were selected from sequence based on their putative impact on the genome, with
impacts being inferred by SNP annotation software snpEff. Results showed that
genomic relationships calculated using novel SNPs have a high correlation with
genomic relationships calculated using SNPs common to the Illumina BovineHD
SNP chip, though between-breed correlations were lower than those within breeds.
The results presented in this thesis demonstrate that utilising a multi-breed reference
population can improve the accuracy of prediction for a numerically small breed, and
that genomic prediction of highly crossbred individuals is also feasible. However,
differences between breeds and also types of crossbred animal suggest that no one
solution can be used for all across-breed evaluations, and further research will be
needed to allow commercial implementation in further populations
Application of random regression models to study growth curves and genotype x environment interactions in sheep
No full textModelling sheep growth and producing estimated breeding values (EBV) for growth traits are
widely used to optimize sheep production. The methods available model growth traits as a
function of age, often with a set of fixed or random environmental effects.
Current methods to
map growth rely on two prominent assumptions that: (1) The mean and covariance structure of
the growth trait remains constant with time or age, and (2) each measurement of the growth
trait is genetically different from, but correlated to, all other measurements of the growth trait.
However, this methodology is problematic. It has three main issues: (1) impracticality; (2)
neglecting wide random variability in environmental effects; and (3) overparameterization.
Thus, this project used a random regression model to describe growth more accurately in sheep,
thereby producing better selection criteria to choose the best breeding stock. These models
included genetic effects, maternal genetic effects, and a host of conformation and meat quality
data. However, random regression models can struggle to provide accurate results when data
are sparse or unevenly distributed. Thus, the use of commercial data in this project allows
investigation of model performance and assessment of the applicability of random regression
models in commercial environments. Overall, the project found random regression models are
highly sensitive to the distribution and variability of records across the age distribution. This
results in high correlations between the parameters of the regression model which can result in
inaccurate genetic parameters. In Chapter 2 random regression models were constructed for
growth in Charollais and Suffolk sheep with constrained correlations resulting in heritabilities
between (0.18-0.49) and (0.20-0.50) respectively. The inclusion of the constrained correlation
was validated using a novel procedure. In Chapter 3, carcass information was incorporated
using commercial mixed breed and Scottish Blackface research data with similar numbers of
records. A selection index and a random regression model were compared.
Model convergence
for the random regression model was achieved by constraining the correlation. Genetic
parameters could be calculated between weights and fat class or conformation. The selection
index offered accurate information for slaughter weight and carcass weight. Chapter 4 assessed
GxE effects in the RamCompare project using a sire model with a sire by flock interaction and
a reaction norm model using a phenotypic deviation. It indicated GxE effects were present for
birth weight, scan weight, weaning weight and muscle depth. It also showed that an assessment
of GxE effects in commercial flocks can be conducted in datasets that lack environmental data.
The project contributes to a growing body of research on how to best model heritable traits and
provide genetic information to commercial sheep flocks
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