1,720,960 research outputs found
Determinants of demand for health insurance in Uganda
No full textA dissertation submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a Master of Arts Degree in Economics of Makerere University.Although health insurance is not new in Uganda, the proportion of the population that utilises it, is at a meager 5 percent, with willingness to pay for health insurance standing at only 11 percent. In the absence of a national health insurance scheme, health sector financing is largely not pre-paid. Therefore, it is against this background that the study examined the determinants of demand for health insurance in Uganda. The study applied a logit model to secondary data from the UNHS 2016/17 conducted by UBOS and the results reveal that awareness about health insurance, age of an individual, one’s marital status, the education level, area of residence, wealth and the size of a household are significantly associated with demand (utilisation) for health insurance, whereas awareness, marital status, health status, education level, area of residence, size of a household, wealth, the region of residence, as well as suffering from a non-communicable disease are significantly associated with an individual’s willingness to pay for health insurance. Results further reveal that an individual’s gender (male or female), age as well as price (expenditure on medical and health care) are not significantly associated with willingness to pay for health insurance. Most Ugandans are not aware of health insurance as a mode of paying for medical care yet awareness proved as a very crucial factor in determining the demand for health insurance. Generally, the willingness to pay does not translate into actual utilisation of health insurance in Uganda. The study, therefore, recommends for promoting of awareness about health insurance, increasing the literacy levels of Ugandans through education, promoting poverty reduction and income enhancing programmes as well as urgently implementing a National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS)
Limited health insurance coverage amidst upsurge of non-communicable diseases in Uganda
Full text linkThis brief uses the 2016/17 Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) and the World Development Indicators (WDI) to show the extent of health insurance coverage for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, high blood pressure and heart diseases among others. Results indicate that: (i) NDCs affect people of all socio-economic groups; (ii) more Ugandans suffering from NCDs are willing to pay for health insurance, but very few are holders of insurance policies in this regard; (iii) other diseases like malaria are more easily insured compared to NCDs, an indication that the providers of health insurance services are not keen to insure sufferers of NCDs; (iv) there are regional differences in health insurance coverage as well as prevalence of NCDs, with the burden of NCDs more intense in the Bukedi, Busoga and Teso sub-regions, whereas NCDs are least prevalent in Kigezi and Ankole sub-regionsand (v) NCDs are likely to erode gains in poverty reduction at household level, because it is equally high among poor households with the least capacity to afford health insurance. We there by, recommend establishing special screening centres for NCDs in public health facilities especially health center II’s and III’s. This will promote early detection and early treatment hence curbing expensive costs for treating severe and chronic NCDs. Preventive measures need to be emphasized as well. These include regular body exercises and monitored nutrition which all lower the risk of NCDs. We further suggest incorporating and prioritizing NCDs into the proposed national health insurance scheme
Health Expenditure Shocks Worsened Household Poverty Amidst COVID-19 in Uganda
Full text linkAmidst the COVID-19 pandemic a lot changed regarding health care financing, both globally and nationally – in Uganda. Households faced unprecedented economic constraints and were forced to make hard expenditure choices including whether and how to spend on health care. Relatedly, the number of poor Ugandans increased from eight million in 2016/17 to 8.3 million in 2019/20, but it was still not clear how much of this impoverishment can be attributed to health xpenditure shocks amidst the pandemic. In addition, Uganda has consistently fallen short on living up to the 2001 Abuja Declaration expectations of allocating at least 15% of her national budget each year to improving the healthcare system. The size of the health sector budget has been less than half of the declaration requirement for the past five years (see Figure 1). More precisely, the health sector budget as a share of the total budget and GDP has averaged 6.4% and 1.9% respectively in the financial years 2018/19 to 2022/23. The absence of a national health insurance scheme implies that a huge health care financing burden, is borne by the households who pay for health care directly by out-of-pocket payments (OOPs)
Limited health insurance coverage amidst upsurge of non-communicable diseases in Uganda
No full textThis brief uses the 2016/17 Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) and the World Development Indicators (WDI) to show the extent of health insurance coverage for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, high blood pressure and heart diseases among others. Results indicate that: (i) NDCs affect people of all socio-economic groups; (ii) more Ugandans suffering from NCDs are willing to pay for health insurance, but very few are holders of insurance policies in this regard; (iii) other diseases like malaria are more easily insured compared to NCDs, an indication that the providers of health insurance services are not keen to insure sufferers of NCDs; (iv) there are regional differences in health insurance coverage as well as prevalence of NCDs, with the burden of NCDs more intense in the Bukedi, Busoga and Teso sub-regions, whereas NCDs are least prevalent in Kigezi and Ankole sub-regionsand (v) NCDs are likely to erode gains in poverty reduction at household level, because it is equally high among poor households with the least capacity to afford health insurance. We there by, recommend establishing special screening centres for NCDs in public health facilities especially health center II’s and III’s. This will promote early detection and early treatment hence curbing expensive costs for treating severe and chronic NCDs. Preventive measures need to be emphasized as well. These include regular body exercises and monitored nutrition which all lower the risk of NCDs. We further suggest incorporating and prioritizing NCDs into the proposed national health insurance scheme
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Linking crop productivity, market participation and technology use among smallholder farmers: Evidence from Uganda
No full textIn this paper, we establish the link between crop productivity, crop market participation and agricultural technology use among smallholder farmers. We take advantage of the latest four waves of the Uganda National Panel Survey – 2013/14, 2015/16, 2018/19, and 2019/20. First, we test for complementarity of agricultural technology use among smallholder farmers, and we do not find evidence for the combined effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers as well as pesticides and organic fertilizers on crop yields, which implies that there is lack of complementarity. More precisely, smallholder farmers mostly use these agricultural technologies in isolation. However, we find strong individual effect of organic fertilizers on cassava, beans, and coffee yields. Second, we use a two-step factor analysis to construct four technology sub-indexes for improved seeds, pesticides, organic, and inorganic fertilizers in the first step and the overall agricultural technology index in the second step. We run crop-specific models and the results re-affirm a positive effect of agricultural technology use on both cassava and coffee yields. Third, when we attempt to measure crop productivity as farm productivity, we find that a unit increase in inorganic fertilizers used increases farm crop productivity by 69%. We do not see this strong effect of inorganic fertilizers on our partial measure of crop productivity – crop yields – which implies that the way we measure crop productivity matters. We therefore conclude that of the four agricultural technologies, inorganic fertilizers have the strongest individual effect on farm productivity of smallholder farmers. Fourth, we employ the Heckman twostep technique to correct the selection bias in crop market participation outcomes. We do not find strong evidence of the effect of agricultural technology use on crop market participation, but we find that it is rather crop yields that are most critical for market participation. Therefore, a farmer’s cropproductivity is arguably the most critical facilitator or inhibitor of their market participation. More precisely, to boost crop market participation among smallholder farmers, increasing their productivity is a necessary condition
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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