148 research outputs found
Repertory of the Work of Iwasa Matabei
No full textIn and around the Genna-Kan'ei eras (1615-1634) many genre paintings were produced, mostly in Kyoto. Most of these were hand-painted. They have a hedonic tendency to portray such playful scenes of the gay quarter as depicted in the so-called “Hikone Byōbu” Screen and lowclass women of pleasure called yuna. They are, in a sense, the forerunner of ukiyoe wood block prints and ukiyoe paintings which were originated by HISHIKAWA Moronobu. And from this point of view they are often called “ukiyoe forerunners.” IWASA Matabei (1578-1650) has for a long time been considered as the originator of ukiyoe and most of the “ukiyoe forerunners” have been attributed to him. But nevertheless his life and repertory of work were enigmatic. It was not before the end of the nineteenth century that his name was found to have been Shōi (Katsumochi) and works with this signature and stamp were subsequently recovered to determine his standard style, and further, his personal history was gradually unveiled. But among the works with the signature or stamp of Shōi, genre paintings were seldom included, and it raised suspicions regarding the traditional opinion of calling him the founder of ukiyoe. The elaborately coloured picture scrolls Yamanaka Tokiwa and Jōruri were discovered in 1930. They are akin to the standard works of Matabei in style and technique and at the same time have characteristics in common with the so-called “ukiyoe forerunners.” Therefore they have been said to be works of Matabei, but another opinion views them as not his works and this is because their ostentatious expression is not a part of his standard style. After a long controversy the latter opinion has gained weight.
But when we follow the controversy, we find more room for discussion. The author, who reexamines this problem, published in No. 42, Bijutsushi an investigation of a group of fully coloured picture scrolls, including Yamanaka Tokiwa and some “ukiyoe forerunners ” which are closely related. As the result of the comparative study of these works, the author concluded all were produced by an atelier presided over by a peculiarly talented artist (A), and that among these, the picture scrolls Yamanaka Tokiwa and Horie Monogatari, which are the most original, are the works of the artist (A) himself.
In the present paper he tries to find the relationship between these works and those with a signature or stamp of Shōi. In the first chapter he selects the most standard works from among those with his sign or stamp, and from these he reconstructs his stylistic development while pointing out some common characteristics. The distinctive characteristics are the vulgar nature of the content and expression which is typical of most of the “ukiyoe forerunners,” a personal affectation in rendering figures, and a curious, uncouth representation.
Then he discusses the relationship of these works and the works of the atelier of the artist (A). He considers that the resemblance of the figure expression of the two groups is at least the result of production by the same painting school. Similarities also appear in the treatment of clouds, trees, animals, etc. Above all, the documented works of Shōi and Yamanaka Tokiwa and Horie Monogatari may be determined as coming from the hand of the same painter because of their original nature and the perfect correspondence of these morphological characteristics. This means that artist (A) is Matabei himself. It is presumed that Matabei presided over an atelier from around 1615 to 1635 when he lived in Fukui, and produced many picture scrolls in a new style including Yamanaka Tokiwa and genre paintiugs while there. It is easy to consider that by this work he strongly influenced the development of the genre painting of the age. In fact he was called “Ukiyo Matabei” in the book Empekikenki published about a quarter a century later.
One interesting fact is that the scrolls concerned have an extraordinarily exaggerated expression. Especially Yamanaka Tokiwa has a tendency toward decadence with a profligate, bloody and sadistic mood. It might be explained as allowing vent to the artist's psychological tendencies which were suppressed in his stand ard works.
In the peaceful age brought by the final establishment of the Edo Military Government, many of the warriors came to spend their days in a playful, hedonic atmosphere. MATSUDAIRA Tadanao, then the local lord of Fukui, is typical among them. Inspite of being a grandson of TOKUGAWA Ieyasu, the military lord, he was not well compensated for his distinguished me. rits in the battle against the Toyotomi clan. In dissatisfaction he spent his days in sensual pleasures. In 1623 he was exiled to Kyūshū because he killed his people without reason. And IWASA Matabei, according to Empekikenki, was favoured by MATSUDAIRA Tadanao while in Fukui. The scrolls Yamanaka Tokiwa and Horie Monogatari are of that period, to judge from the style and by the fact that the former was once owned by the descendants of the MATSUDAIRA family. The hedonic sadistic tendency of the scrolls might be looked on as the result of the combination of MATSUDAIRA Tadanao and IWASA Matabei who was a son of a local lord and who lost his mother and most of his family in battle and was obliged to live by the profession of painting.journal articl
Quantifying metastatic inefficiency:rare genotypes versus rare dynamics
No full textWe introduce and solve a 'null model' of stochastic metastatic colonization. The model is described by a single parameter ?: the ratio of the rate of cell division to the rate of cell death for a disseminated tumour cell in a given secondary tissue environment. We are primarily interested in the case in which colonizing cells are poorly adapted for proliferation in the local tissue environment, so that cell death is more likely than cell division, i.e. ? 1, we find that the probability of establishment is exponentially rare, as expected, and yet the mean time for such rare events is of the form ~log (N)/(1 - ?) while the standard deviation of colonization times is ~1/(1 - ?). Thus, counter to naive expectation, for ? 1), i.e. the statistics show a duality mapping (1 - ?) --> (? - 1). We conclude our analysis with a study of heterogeneity in the fitness of colonising cells, and describe a phase diagram delineating parameter regions in which metastatic colonization is dominated either by low or high fitness cells, showing that both are plausible given our current knowledge of physiological conditions in human cancer
Patients with hyponatremic cirrhosis have low-grade cerebral edema and poor quality-of-life
No full textExperimentelle Untersuchungen zur Stabilität von verzahnten Setzsteindeckwerken
No full textRevetments protect the shorelines of coasts, estuaries and rivers against wind wave, ship wave, current and ice attack. The resistance of revetments essentially depends on the properties of the cover layer. The resistance of interlocked pattern placed revetments depends on the weight of the individual stones and the interlocking. Extensive large scale model tests were performed to assess the hydraulic stability of interlocked pattern placed revetments. The experimental results show a significant increase in hydraulic stability due to interlocking compared to traditional revetment elements
SOME QUESTIONS TO HYDRAULIC SIMILITUDE FOR UNSTEADY OPEN CHANNEL FLOWS
No full textThe hydraulic similitude to guarantee any scale model test for one-dimensional flowsin pipes and open channels can be derived from one-dimensional equations of continuity, energy or linear momentum in the control volume method of hydraulic analysis.Recently, the first author has derived the exact formulation of one-dimensional systemof equations of continuity, energy and linear momentum in the curvilinear orthogonalcoordinates from the original system in theoretical hydrodynamics, and the authors haveshown a special system of equations for the open channel flow in a rectangular channel.The results obtained indicate that the classical dynamic equation must be supplementedby additional terms concerning three-dimensional variations of transverse velocity andstage in the unsteady behaviour, which suggests the classical treatment for the hydraulicsimilitude of unsteady open channel flows should be modified. This paper treats withthe order effects of additional terms to the classical equation for the unsteady open channelflow and the derivation of new formulation for the hydraulic similitude of unsteady openchannel flows.Preliminary experimentations made in a laboratory test flume will also verify thetheoretical results and predict careful treatments for proceeding the hydraulic scale testwith distorted dimensions.The hydraulic similitude to guarantee any scale model test for one-dimensional flowsin pipes and open channels can be derived from one-dimensional equations of continuity,energy or linear momentum in the control volume method of hydraulic analysis.Recently, the first author has derived the exact formulation of one-dimensional systemof equations of continuity, energy and linear momentum in the curvilinear orthogonalcoordinates from the original system in theoretical hydrodynamics, and the authors haveshown a special system of equations for the open channel flow in a rectangular channel.The results obtained indicate that the classical dynamic equation must be supplementedby additional terms concerning three-dimensional variations of transverse velocity andstage in the unsteady behaviour, which suggests the classical treatment for the hydraulicsimilitude of unsteady open channel flows should be modified. This paper treats withthe order effects of additional terms to the classical equation for the unsteady open channelflow and the derivation of new formulation for the hydraulic similitude of unsteady openchannel flows.Preliminary experimentations made in a laboratory test flume will also verify thetheoretical results and predict careful treatments for proceeding the hydraulic scale testwith distorted dimensions
Generalized Transition Moment and Oscillator Strength for Optimal Control of Excited States Using Near-Field Light
No full textThe near field is a highly localized light field that is present in the vicinity of materials. It holds considerable potential for manipulating molecular excitation through the design of nanostructures. To that end, a simple yet applicable computational method is required. This letter presents an optimization strategy to achieve targeted electronic excitation in molecules using near-field light. The generalized transition moment and oscillator strength based on the multipolar Hamiltonian can incorporate key parameters affecting the near field, including shape, size, and material composition. This calculation helps optimize electronic transitions through manipulation of the aforementioned parameters. The feasibility of the proposed scheme was demonstrated using a scanning tunneling microscopic setup with light, wherein the near field is controlled by varying the tip position in two dimensions. This approach paves the way for further innovations, which may ultimately enable precise control of molecular behavior by using tailored near-field interactions
Cohomology of the moduli stack of algebraic vector bundles
No full textLet be the moduli stack of vector bundles of rank
on schemes. We prove that, if is a Zariski sheaf of ring spectra which
is equipped with finite quasi-smooth transfers and satisfies the projective
bundle formula, then is freely generated
by Chern classes over for any scheme . Examples
include all multiplicative localizing invariants.Comment: 17 pages. Final version + footnote
DVR toolbox for sediment management in the Rhine delta
No full textThe DVR Toolbox is a modeling system developed to be used as an operational model for long-term morphological assessment of the Rhine branches in the Netherlands (10 to 50 years). The Toolbox consists of a 2D computational core (containing the Delft3D modeling system), a shell that controls input- and output, and a system for time/simulation management. The effects of different processes, e.g. helical flow and sediment sorting, on time-dependent bed topography and dredging-operations can be simulated. It has been designed and optimized to allow for relative short computation times: 40 year simulations for the full delta can be run in less than 1 week. The Toolbox is mostly used to calculate morphological impacts that affect the navigability of the Rhine, and the impact of measures to affect them. It is now also widely used as an official tool to study the impacts of flood-lowering measures in the Room for the River program. Also for future studies in the Rhine River this Toolbox will be widely used.Hydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Reduction of Dynamics with Lie Group Analysis
No full textThis paper is mainly a review concerning singular perturbation methods
by means of Lie group analysis which has been presented by the author. We make use of
a particular type of approximate Lie symmetries in those methods in order to construct
reduced systems which describe the long-time behavior of the original dynamical
system. Those methods can be used in analyzing not only ordinary differential
equations but also difference equations. Although this method has been mainly used
in order to derive asymptotic behavior, when we can find exact Lie symmetries, we
succeed in construction of exact solutions
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