1,720,956 research outputs found
Exercise training-induced effects on brown and white adipose tissue metabolism in humans : positron emission tomography studies in health and insulin resistance
Get PDFWhite adipose tissue (WAT) not only serves as a passive energy storage but also has an endocrine role releasing hormones that play a major role in the regulation of whole-body glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Active brown adipose tissue (BAT) is able to consume lipids and glucose to generate heat. The dysregulation of BAT and WAT may predispose a person to become obese and insulin resistant. Exercise training is established to reduce fat mass and insulin resistance. Some of the exercise-induced benefits may be dose-specific. However, only a few studies exist examining the effects of training on BAT metabolism in humans that are cross-sectional in nature and the results are contradictory. There are no controlled prospective intervention studies that have investigated exercise-induced effects on BAT metabolism directly in humans. Furthermore, there is no clear evidence that exercise improves WAT metabolism.
The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of short-term (2wks) exercise training with either, sprint interval training (SIT) or moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on BAT and WAT metabolism in middle-aged sedentary healthy (BMI 26.1±2.4; age 48±5) and insulin resistant (IR) subjects (BMI 30.1±2.5; age 49±4). Further, the effects of longer term (6wks) progressive endurance and resistance exercise training on cold-induced BAT metabolism in healthy men (BMI 23±0.9; age31±7) were studied. BAT and WAT glucose and free fatty acid was determined using positron emission tomography (PET).
The results show that modifications after exercise training are not only adipose tissue depot-specific but also the type of exercise (SIT vs MICT) induces different responses. Training decreased insulin stimulated BAT glucose uptake but had no effect on cold stimulated BAT glucose uptake in healthy subjects. At baseline IR had impaired WAT GU compared to healthy subjects which normalized after training. SIT improves WAT insulin resistance while MICT decreases WAT free fatty acid metabolism in IR. This suggests that different adipose tissue depots respond differently to the metabolic demands of exercise training. Moreover, intensity affects different substrate uptake from WAT. This data suggests that changes in adipose tissue metabolism may help whole body insulin action. Overall, exercise-induced BAT and WAT adaptations provide potential therapeutic targets for obesity and type 2 diabetes.ei tietoa saavutettavuudest
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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