1,720,974 research outputs found
Social Carrying Capacity of Mass Tourist Sites: Theoretical and practical Issues about its Measurement’
No full textCongestion is an important management problem at mass tourist sites. This essay focuses on the social carrying capacity (SCC) of a tourist site as indicator of residents’ and visitors’ perception of crowding. In case of conflict between the maximum number of visitors (MNV) tolerated by residents and by visitors themselves, the policy-maker has to mediate. Thus the site SCC is here in general defined as the MNV tolerated which results from a compromise between the residents’ and visitors’ SCCs. We consider the case in which the residents’ SCC is lower than the visitors’ SCC. The site SCC can be measured by making reference at least to two criteria of social choice: the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) based on the utility maximisation criterion, and a voting rule. The use of one method rather than the other depends on the data available about the individual preferences on crowding. Assuming that the monetary value of individual preferences is known, a maximisation model is conceived. The solution is the site SCC intended as the number of visitors which maximises the social welfare function. In practice, nevertheless, the policy-maker may not have all the data for the solution of the maximisation problem. In this situation, the site SCC is computed by applying the majority voting rule (MR), and in this case it is intended as the MNV preferred by the majority of residents and of visitors. Discussion is made about the conditions that have to be satisfied in order to make the optimum number of visitors, obtained through a maximisation model, equal to the MNV tolerated by the majority of voters, and about how a Pigouvian tax has to be computed in different situations. Finally, the results of a case-study are presented in order to show how the MR works in order to establish a site SCC
An Application of "AQUAMOD" Trophic Model to the Marine Ecosystem along the Emilia-Romagna Coastal Region in the Adriatic Sea
No full textSustainable Tourism Development and Social Carrying Capacity: a Case-study on the North-Western Adriatic Sea,
No full textThis essay focuses on social carrying capacity (SCC) as indicator of tourism sustainable development, and establishes a practical definition of SCC based on the majority rule. In order to understand the main difficulties encountered in measuring SCC from the point of view of beach visitors and residents, data about the well developed tourist resort of Marina di Ravenna (Italy) on the North-Western Adriatic coast were used. We also highlight that, when crowded situations are very frequent and these two aspects of the SCC are in conflict, coastal policy-making should result in a compromise between the need to preserve residents’ life style and to increase the economic benefits of the beach recreational use
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Model Reduction for Parametrized Optimal Control Problems in Environmental Marine Sciences and Engineering
Full text linkWe propose reduced order methods as a suitable approach to face parametrized optimal control problems governed by partial differential equations, with applications in en- vironmental marine sciences and engineering. Environmental parametrized optimal control problems are usually studied for different configurations described by several physical and/or geometrical parameters representing different phenomena and structures. The solution of parametrized problems requires a demanding computational effort. In order to save com- putational time, we rely on reduced basis techniques as a reliable and rapid tool to solve parametrized problems. We introduce general parametrized linear quadratic optimal control problems, and the saddle-point structure of their optimality system. Then, we propose a POD-Galerkin reduction of the optimality system. Finally, we test the resulting method on two environmental applications: a pollutant control in the Gulf of Trieste, Italy and a solution tracking governed by quasi-geostrophic equations, in its linear and nonlinear version, describing North Atlantic Ocean dynamic. The two experiments underline how reduced order methods are a reliable and convenient tool to manage several environmental optimal control problems, for different mathematical models, geographical scale as well as physical meaning
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